Balik, Emrah

One of the educational methods emphasized and applied by the Qur'an is the use of parables. In this context, there are many stories of prophets, individuals and communities in the Qur'an. The inclusion of parables in the Qur'an serves a number of purposes. In this regard, there is a strong similarity between the purposes of parables and the purpose of the Quran's revelation, primarily to ensure that people take lessons. This is because the Qur'an includes the historical experiences of past prophets and nations through parables when it talks about individual issues and social events that concern human life. Qur'an emphasizes that within the stories of past prophets and communities, there are numerous lessons for people of understanding, and these are not fabrications but sources of mercy and guidance for believers. As a source of guidance for believers, the Qur'an aims to give people a new faith through parables, to lead them away from superstitious beliefs, in short, to change their lives. Based on this feature, Qur'anic parables have an important position in terms of values education. Undoubtedly, one of the methods that can be utilized in values education is the method of education through storytelling/narratives. Indeed, the Qur'anic parables are witnesses to the existence of values such as good, right, beautiful, lawful, etc. since Adam. Because narratives are as ancient as human history itself. In this respect, the many different role models and examples of positive and negative behaviors interspersed in the Qur'anic parables allow people at all levels to draw their own conclusions. The dramatic narratives about the roles represented by the different characters mentioned in the parables and the consequences of the behaviors arising from these roles lead to permanent changes in attitudes and behaviors in the addressees. In this context, each parable in the Qur'an is important in terms of values education. In this context, the parable of Lot is a parable that should be meticulously emphasized and analyzed in terms of its aim to impart a set of moral principles and virtues to today's individuals and societies. Indeed, the fact that the scope of the impact of Quranic parables is not limited to the societies in which they occurred historically, but also encompasses dimensions relevant to today's individuals and societies, underscores the necessity of examining the story of Prophet Lot from the perspective of values education. In this context, the subject of the article was determined as Analysis of Negative Attitudes and Behaviours Mentioned in the Parable of Prophet Lot in the Qur'an in terms of Values Education. Prophet Lot, during his forty years of prophethood, forbade his people, who were sinful and committed many evils, especially homosexual intercourse between men, from disobeying Allah Almighty, and invited them to the consciousness of servitude and obedience to Allah. In this context, the parable of Prophet Lot in the Holy Qur'an is a parablethat deals with individual and social morality and presents the related issue in a perfect style. According to the account narrated in this parable, the vile behaviors exhibited by the people of Prophet Lot (peace be upon him) illustrate how the mentioned society trampled upon individual and societal ethics. Even today, some individuals and societies abuse similar moral principles and virtues. In such cases, it is a social responsibility to remind people of the experiences of individuals and societies in the past who have disregarded these moral principles and virtues, and to help them draw a series of instructive conclusions. In this regard, fulfilling sexual needs within the framework of halal, as in every human need, is one of the issues that Islam insists on. In this context, it is also important to identify the negative attitudes and behaviors mentioned in the parable of Lot in order to inculcate a world life based on faith and ethics in today's individuals and societies. Only in this way can people learn the necessary lessons from the past and be protected from the same or similar immoralities.

Emrah Balık

"Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'de Biat" isimli bu çalışmada biat kelimesinin kökenini oluşturan by'a/بَيَعَ kökenli kelimeler semantik yöntemle incelenmekte ve konulu tefsir yöntemi ile biatın Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'deki mahiyeti tespit edilmektedir. Çalışma giriş, birinci ve ikinci bölüm ve sonuç kısmından teşekkül etmektedir. Giriş bölümünde araştırmanın konusu, önemi, amacı, yöntemi ve planı yer almaktadır. Biat kelimesinin etimolojisi ve anlamı başlıklı birinci bölümde ilk etapta bu kelimenin kökenini oluşturan by'a/بَيَعَ kökünün etimolojik yapısı ele alınmaktadır. Ardından by'a/بَيَعَ kökenli kelimelerin câhiliye şiirinde ve İslâmî dönem şiirindeki kullanımlarına yer verilmekte, devamında sırasıyla ilk dönem ve son dönem Arapça lugatlarda, Arapça-Tükçe lugatlarda ve Osmanlıca lugatlarda yer alan karşılıklarına yer verilerek kökünün anlam tahlili yapılmaktadır. Biat'ı konu edinen ikinci bölümde ise by'a/بَيَعَ kökünden türeyen kelimelerin Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'deki kullanımları tespit edilerek tablolar halinde gösterilmektedir. Ardından bu kökün geçtiği âyetler ve bu âyetlerdeki by'a/بَيَعَ kökenli kelimeler incelenmekte, tefsirlerden ve meâllerden derlenen bilgiler kökün anlam tahlilinin yapıldığı birinci bölümde elde edilen bilgiler ışığında değerlendirilmektedir. Devamında ise konu hakkında ulaşılan kanaatlere yer verilmektedir. Biat kelimesinin ve bu kelimenin kökeninden türeyen diğer kelimelerin Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'deki kullanımları belirlendikten sonra biat kelimesinin anlam alanına giren yakın anlamlı ve uzak anlamlı kelimeler tespit edilerek kelimenin anlamı ortaya konulmaktadır. Sonrasında ise biatın yer aldığı âyetlerden ve bu âyetlerin tefsirlerinden hareketle biat edenlerin özellikleri, biatın muhatapları, üzerine biat edilen hususlar, biat edenlerin mükafatı ve biatı bozanların cezası tespit edilmektedir. Ayrıca biatın psikolojik, sosyolojik ve siyasî yönüne temas edilerek Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'de biatın muhtevası belirlenmektedir. Çalışma tezden elde edilen bilgilerin sonuç kısmında değerlendirilmesiyle nihayete ermektedir.