Integrated MCDM-based evaluation of urban intersection congestion

This study aimed to systematically evaluate the factors affecting traffic congestion at urban intersections and rank them based on congestion levels. Three multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques—Content validity method (CVM), best-worst method (BWM), and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solutions (TOPSIS)—were used in an integrated framework. First, 15 potential congestion-related criteria were identified through literature and expert input. Using CVM, 8 key criteria were selected based on field-measured traffic data, official accident records obtained from relevant authorities, and structured on-site observational measurements. Their optimal weights were then calculated via a linear optimization model within the BWM. These weights were fed into TOPSIS for estimation and ranking of junction congestion. The examination also showed the Karayolları intersection to be the most congested (score: 0.711) and Toplu Konut Boulevard Intersection to be the least congested (score: 0.140). The findings provide essential information for decision-makers, aiding initiatives to enhance urban traffic flow by pinpointing crucial crossings and suggesting alternative geometric configurations. In addition, a sensitivity analysis across different weight conditions has confirmed the reliability and practical usefulness of the model. This proposed approach serves also as a tactical tool to prioritize interventions and improve the efficacy of transportation networks in urban environments.