Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleYalnız künye2019/r/gumushane/16691
  EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GIBBERELLIC ACID DOSES TREATMENT ON SEED GERMINATION OF WILD SAINFOIN (ONOBRYCHIS VICHFOLIA)

  Okcu, Melih; Topaloglu, Fatma Nil

  Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) subjected to a range of studies relating to agronomy, environmental preferences, crop protection and plant-microbial interactions, is an important forage species in agriculture, that be prefered by farmers than other forage legumes. This fact has give importance to breeding of this plant for the development of diverse varieties and so for this purpose many wild forms are cultivated. The most important problem in sainfoin cultivation is poor germination problem in wild species. With the aim of solving this problem, we carried out to evaluate the response of wild sainfoin seeds to the application of different gibberellic acid (GA3) (a germination hormone) concentration in vitro conditions. Five levels of gibberellic acid (100, 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) was used in the test. Seed coat was removed and the seeds were placed on Murashige&Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with gibberellic acid (GA3) and kept under these conditions for 46 days. Seed germination percentage and germination associate parameters; speed of germination, mean germination time, mean daily germination, peak value and germination value, were calculated. The experiment was carried out using complete block design with three replications. According to the results obtained from different GA3 application medium, the highest germination percentage 48,89 recorded at in medium containing 250 ppm GA3 whereas in control has recorded 42,22 at the end of the 46th day. Other concentrations, 100, 500,1000 and 1500 ppm, achieved a reduction in seed germination compared to control, respectively 28,15, 15,56, 24,44, 34,81. Not only in germination percentage result, but also in other germination associate parameters, the addition of 250 ppm gibberellic acid to Murashige and Skoog medium increased the values compared to the control and ensured a rapid increase and peak between the 8th and 12th days in all parameters.

  İncele
• Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2019/r/gumushane/16488
  Organic Agriculture Potential of Eastern Black Sea Region

  Okcu, Melih; Karabulut, Besim

  Mankind caused a lot of harm to their environment unintentionally during agriculture. Thus nowadays production techniques that are compatible with nature, making the right use of the resources, targeting sustainable development, looking after animal welfare are beginning to spread throughout the world. Especially organic agriculture among those techniques gained a seat as it depends on customer preference. Organic agriculture that has the following five fundamental features: compatibility to nature, self sufficiency, sustainability, welfare, traceability began with the production of dried grape, dried figs, dried apricots and nuts in our country during the 1980s with the contractual agriculture system intending to export. During the following years, hardshell and dried fruits, frozen fruits and vegetables, fresh fruits and vegetables, spices and legumes followed the previous ones in export. Also, production and exportation of rose water, rose oil, olive oil, cotton and textile products increased considerably. In our country where there is a wide variety of products for organic agriculture, in eastern black sea region tea and nuts are the most cultivated products. Organic agriculture is carried out in every province of the region, the contribution of provinces in percentage as follows: Rize 42%, Ordu 25%, Artvin 13%, Trabzon 10%, Gumushane and Giresun 5%. Organic stock raising is done only in Gumushane and Ordu. Gumushane has the most promising potential for organic stock raising.

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• Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2018/r/gumushane/16548
  Problems Face to Organic Forage Plant Improvement and Their Recommended Solutions

  Okcu, Melih

  As the world's population increases tremendously, mankind harmed the environment by applying different techniques to be able to close the deficit for food and consequently this resulted in the questioning of the effects of production techniques on food security, quality, animal welfare and their impacts on environment. Organic agriculture is developed with the help of policies that are driven by environmental and food safety. Organic livestock farming increased correlated to the increase of organic agriculture. However, getting healthy, safe and sound products from animals is only possible with the consumption of well qualified feed. Nowadays, unsatisfactory field productions, improper soil cultivation methods and more other obstacles which restrict the improvement of forage plants. In this review article, the current situation of cultivation in Turkey as well as in the world, imperfections and solution offers to those problems are stated.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2016/r/gumushane/18605
  Gümüşhane Florasında Yabani Olarak Yetişen Rezene (Foeniculum spp.)'lerin Bazı Özeliklerinin Belirlenmesi

  Okcu, Melih

  Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler tıbbi özellikleri, baharat olarak kullanılması, ihracat ürünü olması nedeniyle ekonomik açıdan oldukça önemlidir. Bu araştırma Gümüşhane ve çevresinde yayılış gösteren Foeniculum spp (Rezene) üzerinde karakterizasyon ve kültüre alma çalışmaları şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma materyali olarak Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde bulunan Gümüşhane ilinin merkez ve ilçelerinde doğal olarak bulunan rezenelere ait bitkiler, tohumlar ve bitki vejetatif üreme organları çalışmanın materyalini oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada doğadan toplama ve herbaryum oluşturma, morfolojik karakterizasyon, agronomik gözlemler (bitki boyu, sap kalınlığı, dal sayısı, şemsiye sayısı, şemsiyecik sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı) ve kimyasal analizler (uçucu yağ oranı, antioksidan kapasitesi, toplam fenolik içeriği) gibi metodolojiler takip edilmiş elde edilen veriler istatistik programında tanımlayıcı istatistikler ile değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma neticesinde Köse dağı lokasyonundan toplanan rezenelerin sahip olduğu bitkisel ve kimyasal özellikler en yüksek çıkmıştır. Bitki boyu 61.88cm, sap kalınlığı 4.66mm, dal sayısı 6.25 adet, şemsiye sayısı 2.71 adet, şemsiyecik sayısı 12.41 adet, bin tane ağırlığı 5.98g, Uçucu yağ oranı %3.09 değerleri ile en yüksek rezenelerin bu lokasyondan elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda rezenelerin rahatlıkla kültürünün yapılabileceği ve agronomik pratiklere çok uygun bir bitki olduğu tespit edilmiştir

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2016/r/gumushane/15177
  Relationships Among some Pears Genotypes (Pyrus Communis L.) Based on ISSR and RAPD Analysis; [Bestimmung der genetischen Verwandtschaft bei Birnen mit Hilfe der ISSR und RAPD Methoden]

  Kalkışım, Ozgun; Okcu, Melih; Okcu, Zuhal; Karabulut, Besim; Yildirim, Nalan; Agar, Guleray

  Thirty one pears genotypes from east blacksea region were evaluated for genetic relationships by using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) markers from total 70 RAPD and ISSR primer investigated, 22 could amplify clearly and consistently. Cluster analysis of the pears genotypes was performed based on data from polymorphic bands RAPD and ISSR by using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and the Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) clustering method. The 31 pear genotypes were classified into two major groups. Cluster A was divided into 2 subclusters: Gumushane pears and Trabzon pears. Cluster B consisted of Artvin pears. The similarity matrix values ranged between 0.105 and 0.968.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2015/r/gumushane/12974
  Determination of Genetic Diversity Among Wild Grown Apples From Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey Using ISSR and RAPDs Markers; [Ermittlung der genetischen Vielfalt bei wildwachsenden Apfelsorten mittels ISSR- und RAPD-Markern in der östlichen Schwarzmeerregion der Türkei]

  Okcu, Melih; Kalkışım, Özgün; Okcu, Zühal; Karabulut, Besim; Yildirim, Nalan; Agar, Guleray

  In this study, we investigated interspecific variations of apple genotypes using ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) and RAPD (Randomly amplified Polymorphic DNA) technique. Total 19 genotypes of wild grown local varieties were collected from Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey and have been studied for the analysis of ISSR and RAPD profile to examine their relationship. From total 53 RAPD and ISSR primer investigated, 28 could amplify clearly and consistently. All bands obtained from ISSR and RAPDs primer were polymorphic. The dendrogram realized from the RAPD and ISSR markers grouped the 19 genotypes into two major clusters. Cluster I comprised ‘Bey Apple’, ‘Fatty Apple’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Yellow Belly Apple’, ‘Bride Apple’, ‘Green Belly Apple’, ‘Summer Apple’, ‘Yomra Apple’, ‘Tavşanbaşı’, ‘Black Belly Apple’, ‘Chest Apple’, ‘Local Marble’, ‘English Apple’, ‘Willow Apple’, ‘Arabian Girl’, ‘Yellow Hıdır’ and cluster II contained ‘Starking Delicious’, ‘Mahsusa’, ‘Amasya Marble’. Genetic diversity data from this study will be helpful in using and exploiting the wild genetic material for breeding purposes as well as for further research.

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• Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2014/r/gumushane/19093
  Türkiye’de Organik kaba yem üretiminin mevcut durumu

  Okcu, Melih; Yolcu, Halil; Tan, Mustafa

  Organik hayvansal üretim faaliyetlerinin en önemli gereksinimlerinden birisi organik kaba yem ihtiyacının karşılanmasıdır. Organik kaba yem ihtiyacının karşılanmasında, öncelikle organik çayır- meralar ve daha sonra da organik yem bitkileri üretim alanları büyük önem arz etmektedir. Nitekim dünyada organik kaba yem üretim alanlarının % 93’ünü organik çayır-mera alanları oluştururken, % 7’sini ise organik yem bitkileri üretim alanları oluşturmaktadır. Ülkemizde 2012 yılı itibari ile organik mera bulunmaz iken, yaklaşık 22 ilimizde organik çayır varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Çayır otu dahil olmak üzere, 359 259 ton toplam organik kaba yem üretim miktarımız (315 053 ton organik yem bitkileri üretimi ve 44 206 ton organik çayır otu üretimi) organik hayvansal üretimimizin kaba yem ihtiyacını rahatlıkla karşılayabilmektedir. Ülkemizde, organik kaba yem üretimindeki başlıca sorunlar; bazı organik kaba yem üretim alanlarının organik hayvancılığın yapıldığı illerden uzak olması, organik yemlerin en ucuz kaynaklarından olan organik meraların bulunmaması ve organik kaba yem üretimi konusunda yapılan bilimsel çalışmaların pratiğe aktarılamamasıdır.

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2014/r/gumushane/12057
  A study on the determination of the morphological, Yield and quality characteristics of some sainfoin species (Onobrychis spp.) native to East Anatolia

  Okcu, Melih; Şengül, Süleyman

  Objective of the present study is to identify the species belonging to the genus Onobrychis (Fabaceae) growing native in and around Erzurum, and to determine their overall prevalence and morphological and quality characteristics. Species samples were collected from different locations in flowering periods of 2007, 2008 and 2009. At the end of the study, totally 10 genotypes were found representing 8 species and 2 sub-species. It was found that leaf length and leaflet frequency were the largest in O. atropatana var. grandiflora, the number of leaflets was the highest in O. viciifolia, the length and width of leaflets were maximum in O. radiata, the number of main branches and the number of fascicles in main branches were in O. hajastana, crude ash rate was highest in O. stenostachya, plant fresh and dry weight, ADF and NDF rate were highest in O. cornuta, where as crude protein rate was slightly higher in O. stenostachya subsp. sosnowskyi than other taxa.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2013/r/gumushane/11874
  Molecular characterization of some Onobrychis species growing in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey

  Okcu, Melih; Sengul, Suleyman; Sunar, Serap; Agar, Guleray

  In this study, we investigated interspecific variations in Sections Dendrobrychis, Hymenobrychis, Heliobrychis, Onobrychis of genus Onobrychis by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) technique and RAPD. Total eight species collected from different regions of Turkey were studied for the analysis of seed storage protein profiles and RAPD profile to examine their relationship. Electrophoretic data were documented by using a gel documentation system and analysed by using Quantity 1 -D analysis software and also the dendrogram was formed in UPGAMA. The sections Dendrobrychis, Heliobrychis, Hymenobrychis, Onobrychis of genus Onobrychis were firstly determined by morphological classification. In addition to RAPD and the seed protein of these species belonging to these sections were clustered together. The formed dendrogram from SDS-PAGE analysis showed that all studied species constituted two clusters. The first one consisted of O. huetiana subs. bornmuelleri, O. huetiana, O. montana, O. stenostachya and O. atropatana var. grandiflora and the second one O. viciifolia, O. hajastana and O. cornuta. The dendrogram realized from the RAPD markers grouped the Onobrychis spp. into three major clusters. Cluster 1 included O. huetiana subs. bornmuelleri, O. viciifolia, O. huetiana, O. atropatana var. grandiflora, O. montana and O. cornuta, Cluster 2 included O. stenostachya and Cluster 3 O. hajastana.

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