Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2021/r/gumushane/14576
  Investigation of class 1 integrons with antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii strains and determination of plant extract effects on multidrug-resistant isolates

  Saral, Ayşegül; Cinemre, Sedanur; Okumuş, Funda; Akar, Zeynep; Çiçek, Ayşegül Çopur; Düzgün, Azer Özad

  This study aimed to investigate the presence of resistance genes in multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolates as well as to determine the antibacterial activity of selected plant extracts against isolates. 41 strains were isolated from various clinical samples. PCR tests were performed using the primers. Methanol was used as solvent for the preparation of the plant extracts. MIC values of the plant extracts were determined by the broth microdilution method. The blaOXA-23, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaGES genes and Class 1 integrons were detected in five isolated strains. The lowest MIC value (2.25 mg/mL) was determined for the Echinacea purpurea extract, while the highest MIC value (50 mg/mL) was determined for the Morus alba extract. Determination of the antibacterial effect of plants extracts used in the study against A. baumannii isolates shows the importance of screening the antibacterial activity of plants in the fight against antibiotic resistance.

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  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2020/r/gumushane/14895
  RP-HPLC-UV Analysis of the Phenolic Compounds, Antimicrobial Activity Against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria and Antioxidant Activity of Fruit and Seed of Diospyros lotus L.

  Akar, Zeynep; Karakurt, Aylin; Okumus, Funda; Cinemre, Sedanur; Duzgun, Azer Ozad; Akar, Bulent; Can, Zehra

  The object of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and phenolic compounds of fruit and seeds of Diospyros lotus L. The fruits consumed by humans as nutrients were harvested from the plants that grow naturally in the province of Trabzon-Akçaabat, Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. The antioxidant activities of fruit and seeds of Diospyros lotus were determined by using four methods (% DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP antioxidant power determination, CUPRAC reducing antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (TPC) in five different proportion of methanol-water extracts. All extracts of fruit and seeds of D. lotus analyzed through whole antioxidant analysis methods showed significant antioxidant activity. In addition, antimicrobial activity of fruit and seeds extracted with DMSO was determined against seven standard bacteria and three multi-drug resistance clinical strains. Although fruit extracts did not have the antimicrobial activity against bacteria, seeds showed antimicrobial effect to both standard strains (Gram-negative and Gram-positive) and antibiotic resistance clinical isolates (Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying blaKPC, Acinetobacter baumannii, harboring blaOXA-23 gene and resistance to colistin, and multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa). MICs’ value of plant seed extracts for standard strains was 0.75-25 mg/mL and antibiotic resistant clinical bacteria were 12.5 and 25 mg/mL. Additionally, phenolic compounds in methanol extracts of fruit and seeds were also determined in by HPLC using 19 standards. Gallic acid and chrysin phenolic compounds were the major phenolic compounds in fruit and seeds, respectively.

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  İncele
• Yüksek Lisans TeziAçık Erişim2019/r/gumushane/20882
  Klinik Escherichia coli izolatlarında antibiyotik direnç genlerinin araştırılması ve bazı bitki özütlerinin kinolon dirençli izolatlar üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi

  Funda Okumuş

  İdrar yolu enfeksiyonları (İYE) her yıl dünya çapında 150 milyon insanı etkileyen yaygın bakteriyel enfeksiyonlardan biridir ve en yaygın etken, üropatojenik Escherichia coli'dir. Bu çalışmada; Kasım 2015-Ağustos 2016 yılları arasında Türkiye'de Rize Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi'nden izole edilen 90 E. coli izolatında β-laktamaz kodlayan genler, virülans faktör genleri, sınıf 1 integronları ve plazmid aracılı kinolon direnç genlerinin varlığı PZR yöntemiyle araştırıldı. PZR sonucu, integron pozitif örnekler pGEM-T vektörüne klonlanarak baz dizin analizine gönderildi. Sonuçlar biyoinformatik programlar kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Ayrıca kinolon dirençli bakterilere karşı Mentha piperita L. (nane), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (biberiye), Curcuma longa (zerdeçal) , Hypericum perforatum (sarı kantaron), Camellia sinensis (yeşil çay), Alkanna tinctoria (havacıva), Urtica dioica L. (ısırgan otu), Aloe vera L. (sarısabır) , Tilia tomentosa'nın (ıhlamur) bitki özütlerinin, minimum inhibisyon konsantrasyonları (MİK) belirlendi. Çalışmada kullanılan 90 E. coli izolatı VITEK 2 Kompakt sistem ile tanımlanmıştır. Antibiyotik duyarlılık testi sonuçları, bu izolatların fosfomisin (% 2.7), imipenem (% 3.2) ve meropeneme (%3.2) karşı düşük direnç oranlarına sahip olduğu ortaya koymuştur. Ancak, siprofloksasin (% 62.2), trimetoprim sülfometaksozol (% 75.6) ve ampisiline (% 61.1) direnç oranlarının yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. PZR sonuçları, suşların % 63'ünün (57/90) sınıf 1 integron gen kasetlerini taşıdığını ortaya koymuştur ve baz dizin analize göre sınıf 1 integronun dhfr gen kaseti taşıdığı belirlendi. CTX-M-2 grubu β-laktamaz taşıyan 52 izolat (% 57) ve CTX-M-1 grubu β-laktamaz taşıyan 52 izolat (% 57) tespit edildi. Ayrıca plazmit aracılı kinolon direç genleri PZR ile belirlendi ve sonuçta suşların, % 26'sının (24/90) qnrA, % 6.6'sının (6/90) qnrB ve % 3.3'ünün (3/90) qnrS geni taşıdığı tespit edildi. 90 E. coli izolatı arasında 11 farklı virülans faktör paterni tespit edildi. En yaygın virülans gen faktörü olarak fim (35 izolatta) belirlenirken, hly-fim, afa-aer-cnf-fim, aer-cnf, afa-aer ve afa-cnf-fim paternleri daha az sayıda suşta görüldü. İzolatların 14'ünde virülans gen faktörü saptanmadı. Çalışmada kullanılan bitki özütlerinin, MİK değerlerinin belirlenmesi sıvı mikrodilüsyon yöntemi ile yapıldı. Deneyler 96 well-plate kullanılarak üç tekrarlı halinde gerçekleştirildi. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda; en yüksek antibakteriyel aktiviteyi Alkanna tinctoria özütü göstermiş olup MİK değerleri EC58 ve EC85 için 1.25 mg/ml, EC50 ve EC90 için ise MİK değeri 2.5 mg/ml olarak tespit edildi.

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2019/r/gumushane/11809
  Determination of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from Turkish patients with urinary tract infection

  Özad Düzgün, Azer; Okumuş, Funda; Saral, Ayşegül; Çopur Çiçek, Ayşegül; Cinemre, Sedanur

  Introduction: Escherichia coli ranks among the most common sources of urinary tract infections (UTI). Methods: Between November 2015 and August 2016, 90 isolates of E. coli were isolated from patients at Rize Education and Research Hospital in Turkey. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined for all isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. These E. coli isolates were also screened for virulence genes, β-lactamase coding genes, quinolone resistance genes, and class 1 integrons by PCR. Results: With respect to the antibiotic resistance profile, imipenem and meropenem were effective against 98% and 90% of isolates, respectively. A high percentage of the isolates showed resistance against β lactam/β lactamase inhibitor combinations, quinolones, and cephalosporins. PCR results revealed that 63% (57/90) of the strains carried class 1 integrons. In addition, a high predominance of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) was observed. The qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS genes were found in 24 (26.6%), 6 (6.6%), and 3 (3.3%), isolates, respectively. The most common virulence gene was fim (82.2%).The afa, hly, and cnf1 genes were detected in 16.6%, 16.6%, and 3.3% of isolates, respectively. Moreover, we observed eleven different virulence patterns in the 90 E. coli isolates. The most prevalent pattern was fim, while hly-fim, afa-aer-cnf-fim, aer-cnf, afa-aer, and afacnf- fim patterns were less common. Conclusions: Most of the E. coli virulence genes investigated in this study were observed in E. coli isolates from UTI patients. Virulence genes are very important for the establishment and maintenance of infection.

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