Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/12815
  Attitudes of parents in the role of a father in Turkey toward child sex education and their sexual communication with their children

  Apaydin Cirik, Vildan; Aksoy, Bahar; Bulut, Elif

  Background and purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of parents in the role of a father in Turkey toward child sex education and their sexual communication with their children. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with the fathers of children in the pediatric outpatient clinic at a state hospital between December 30, 2021, and April 15, 2022. The study was reported based on STROBE. The data were collected from 297 fathers using the Descriptive Information Form, the Attitudes Scale Toward Sex education (ASTSE), and the Sexual Communication Scale for Parents(SCSP). Results: Sample statistics demonstrate that 67.7% of the participants did not receive sex education in their childhood, and 57.4% stated that their children received sex education only from their mothers. Higher attitudes toward sexual education were found in the fathers with a university or higher education degree (χ2 = 15.396; p < 0.01), and those giving sex education to their children (χ2 = 18.388;p < 0.001). Higher total scores were obtained on the sexual communication scale by fathers with university and higher education degrees (χ2 = 12.898;p < 0.01) and those who received sex education in their childhood (t = 2.330;p = 0.021). There is a highly significant positive correlation between the mean scores of the role of a parent subscale of the ASTSE and the mean total score of the SCSP (r = 0.81;p < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between fathers' parental role attitudes toward sex education and their sexual communication with their children. Practice implications: Supporting fathers' sexual communication with their children can positively affect fathers' attitudes and communication toward sex education.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2022/r/gumushane/10410
  The concept of pain inventory for children: The reliability and validity study of the Turkish version

  Cirik, Vildan Apaydin; Bulut, Elif; Aksoy, Bahar; Coemert, Hatice Sonay Yalcin; Pate, Joshua W.

  Background and purpose: Pain experiences in childhood are very likely to be reflected in adulthood. The early evaluation of the concept of pain in children may eventually lead to.better patient outcomes in the future. Therefore, we aimed to culturally and developmentally adapt the Concept of Pain Inventory for Children (COPI) for Turkish children.Methods: This descriptive, correlational study was conducted with 239 post-operative children aged 8-12 years between June and December 2021. The research adhered to COSMIN guidelines. The data were collected using a descriptive information form and the COPI. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and item-total score analysis were used for the data analysis.Results: The resulting unidimensional scale consists of 12 items in Turkish. The scale explained 65% of the total variance. The exploratory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings of items ranged from 0.64 to 0.91. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings of items ranged from 0.66 to 0.92. Goodness of fit indexes were found to be as follows: Normed Fit Index >0.90; Incremental Fit Index >0.90; Comparative Fit Index >0.90; and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation <0.08. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.78 (reliable). Conclusions: The 12-item Turkish translation of the COPI was deemed valid and reliable in 8-12-year-old children in a post-operative setting. Practice implications: Evaluation of children's pain concepts during childhood may contribute to the identification of conceptual gaps for pain science education.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2022/r/gumushane/13268
  The image of nursing among nursing and other healthcare professional university students: A mixed-method study

  Apaydin Cirik, Vildan; Gül, Uğur; Aksoy, Bahar

  Aim: This study had three objectives: (1) determining the image of nursing in the eyes of undergraduate health sciences students; (2) identifying factors affecting that image; and (3) evaluating students’ views and experiences regarding that image. Background: If healthcare students perceive nursing positively, it may result in directing future generations to nursing, and improving nursing, and reducing the need for nurses. Design: This study adopted an explanatory sequential design with participant selection variant. The design involved data collection in two consecutive phases. Methods: A mixed-method design using quantitative data and qualitative interviews was used. In the quantitative phase, a descriptive and cross-sectional research method was used. The qualitative phase was based on phenomenological research. The quantitative portion was performed with 1556 participants in their second, third or fourth year during the 2019–2020 academic year. Students were from the nursing, emergency and disaster management, nutrition and dietetics, occupational health and safety, health management, and social work departments. The qualitative portion was performed with 29 participant volunteers. Participants were interviewed on the phone. The data were collected using an introductory information form, a nursing image scale, and semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the independent-samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, one-way ANOVA, and stepwise linear regression. The quantitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: There were significant relationships between participants' nursing image scale total scores and their department (p < 0.001), education year (p = 0.014), age (p = 0.032) and desire to recommend the nursing profession (p < 0.001). Nursing image scale total score was significantly higher in nursing departments than in other departments. Second-year participants and 18–20-year-olds had higher total scores than fourth-year participants and 21–23-year-olds, respectively, and those who would recommend the nursing profession had higher total scores than those who would not recommend it (p < 0.05). Analysis of the qualitative data produced six main themes: perceptions of the nursing profession, perceived nursing figure, nurse knowledge, relationship with healthcare professionals, reason for preference and job gender. Conclusion: This study employed a mixed-method design involving both quantitative and qualitative stages. The results highlighted the image of nursing and its significance in the eyes of prospective healthcare professionals. Detecting nursing image early can increase professional training and improve the professional image of nursing. We should take into account the factors that negatively affect the image of nursing to plan nursing education better in the future.

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• Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2020/r/gumushane/17915
  A Limited Number of Studies Against Recommended Non-Pharmacological Methods for Pain Relief During Orogastric Tube Insertion: A Review of Literature

  Efe, Emine; Cırık, Vildan Apaydın

  Orogastric tube (OGT) feeding is a frequently used method to support the feeding of newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit. Studies and international guidelines indicate that OGT insertion causes acute pain in newborns. Non-pharmacological methods are recommended to reduce this pain caused by OGT insertion. These include; swaddling, oral sucrose and positioning. Although these non-pharmacological methods are reported to be effective, a limited number of studies have been found in the literature on non-pharmacological methods used to reduce pain caused by OGT insertion. In Turkey it did not reveal any studies on this subject. Additionally, as the responsibility of the OGT installation and replacement process belongs to the nurses, it is also important that nurses know and practice effective non-pharmacological methods. Considering these reasons; it is thought that this study will help to reveal the deficiency in the literature and provide a basic data to the studies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the pain caused by OGT insertion procedure which is a painful procedure in preterms, to examine the recommended non-pharmacological methods used to reduce pain and to explain the duty/authority/responsibilities of newborn nurses in pain management.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2020/r/gumushane/14584
  Educating children through their parents to prevent child sexual abuse in Turkey

  Apaydın Cırık, Vildan; Efe, Emine; Velipaşaoğlu, Sevtap

  Purpose: The aims of this study were to train parents to recognize and prevent child sexual abuse (CSA); evaluate the problems encountered by parents; and evaluate the overall effectiveness of the CSA training program. Design and Methods: The study used a pretest/posttest design. The study was conducted with a sample of 58 children (aged 3-6 years) and 64 parents. Findings: Children who received CSA prevention education from their parents demonstrated improved knowledge about private parts and about what they should do if they suspect sexual abuse. The parents stated that they encountered some problems (other family members objected to the child being given such training). Practise Implications: Children's risk of abuse may be reduced if their parents teach them about CSA correctly.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2020/r/gumushane/11717
  The effect of expressed breast milk, swaddling and facilitated tucking methods in reducing the pain caused by orogastric tube insertion in preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial

  Apaydin Cirik, Vildan; Efe, Emine

  Background: Orogastric tube feeding is used to support the nutrition of preterm infants. Although nonpharmacological methods are effective in reducing the pain caused by orogastric tube insertion, only limited studies have been found addressing this pain. No study has used combined nonpharmacological methods to reduce this orogastric tube insertion pain. Objective: This randomized controlled study aims to compare the effects of expressed breast milk, swaddling, facilitated tucking, expressed breast milk+swaddling, expressed breast milk+facilitated tucking and routine care methods on preterm infant pain and the physiological parameters (i.e., heart rate, oxygen saturation) before, during and after orogastric tube insertion procedures. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Three level III neonatal intensive care units in Turkey. Method: Preterm infants born at 32–34 weeks gestation were randomly assigned to six groups: routine care (n = 33), swaddling (n = 30), facilitated tucking (n = 32), expressed breast milk (n = 31), swaddling+expressed breast milk group (n = 30), and facilitated tucking+expressed breast milk group (n = 31). Orogastric tube insertion included four phases: baseline (the last one minute of 30 min without stimuli), the insertion, recovery (one minute after insertion), and recovery (two minutes after insertion). The four phases were videotaped. Premature infant pain profile score, heart rate and oxygen saturation were assessed by two independent evaluators who were blinded to the purpose of the study. Data were assessed by analysis of variance for the multiple repeated measurements, bonferroni and generalised estimating equation logistic regression. Results: There was a significant main effect of the intervention groups for all the pain and physiological parameters (heart rate: F = 3.99, p = 0.001; oxygen saturation: F = 5.22, p<0.001; pain profile 1 score: F = 9.55, p<0.001; pain profile 2 score: F = 9.74, p<0.001). The use of the nonpharmacological methods combined or alone was more effective in reducing infants’ pain profile score and physiological variables than routine care. Infants receiving swaddling+expressed breast milk had significantly lower pain profile scores during the insertion (phase2) (5.2 ± 1.7) than those receiving routine care (9.5 ± 3.6), swaddling (8.8 ± 2.9), facilitated tucking (7.2 ± 3.2), expressed breast milk (7.9 ± 2.6), facilitated tucking+expressed breast milk (6.6 ± 2.3) (p<0.001). The breast milk group had 6.195 times more pain than the swaddling+expressed breast milk, while the facilitated tucking group had 6.301, the facilitated tucking+expressed breast milk group had 3.107, the control group had 13.015, and the swaddling group had 7.892 times more pain. Conclusion: The swaddling+expressed breast milk method is clinically better pain relief nonpharmalogical option and is the recommended method to nurses for the orogastric tube insertion procedures, preterm infants.

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