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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/15923
  Frustrated Entitlements and Micro-Aggressors in Julian Barnes's Novels, The Sense of an Ending and The Only Story

  Günes, Mustafa

  This article reads the male first-person narrators of Julian Barnes's The Sense of an Ending and The Only Story as gender microaggressors. Focusing on microaggression developed in social and feminist psychology, and on contemporary feminist philosophy's redescription of misogyny, the article argues that the rueful, self-critical retrospection these novels are usually praised for also serves as a vehicle for the quiet reproduction of patriarchal ideology. At the root of these microaggressions lies what the article terms 'frustrated entitlement', the felt grievance of someone who believes a tribute has gone unpaid. Feminist narratology supplies the analytic tools required to make this argument precise. Close reading distinguishes microaggressions performed by the younger protagonist within the storyworld from those enacted by the older narrator in the telling, and shows that both are absorbed into a rhetorical structure of 'bonding unreliability': the narrators name the gendered patterns of their own thought, and that very naming becomes the licence by which the patterns are kept in place. Set against the louder retrosexism of the postwar British male confessional novel in its more satirical and self-aggrandising mode, Barnes's decorous, retrospectively contrite narrators emerge as the most refined instance of an underexamined formal investment in contemporary British letters: the patient maintenance of patriarchal continuity through the voice of the man who is sorry.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2024/r/gumushane/19858
  From Stage to Cyberspace: Intermediality and Performativity in Jennifer Haley’s The Nether

  Güneş, Mustafa

  Jennifer Haley’s The Nether premiered in 2013 at the Kirk Douglas Theater. It is an interplay between stage and virtual reality (VR), also known as, cyberspace. This quality makes the play an example of “intermedial” theater, which links digital media elements to the performance on stage indissolubly. The play not only provides a rich exploration of intermediality that reshapes traditional notions of character and acting, but also the characters in the play are presented as having avatars in VR, which ultimately highlights the fluidity of roles based on identity. Applying Judith Butler’s theory of performative construction of identity and gender to analyze the characters, who are portrayed as having double identities and fulfilling fluid gender roles, is highly relevant in a play that uniquely blends dramatic performance with digital media to create a complex narrative landscape. By analyzing key scenes and particularly focusing on three major characters in the play, Sims, Doyle, and Morris, it is aimed in this study to see how performativity, as theorized by Butler, is redefined in virtual environments, as characters navigate identities mediated through digital avatars. The interaction between media both enhances the narrative but also prompts audiences to reflect on the significance of repetitive performance in gender and identity formation; therefore, this study also highlights the play’s innovative approach to media interaction and contributes to contemporary discussions on the relationship between theatre, digital technology, space, and gender studies.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/gumushane/19807
  Intersections, Reflections, and Transformations in “Fashion as Material Culture”: A Conference Report

  Kirca, Mustafa; Düzgün, Şebnem; Güneş, Mustafa

  Introduced and hosted as a postgraduate conference in 2012 at Çankaya University, the International Conference on Language, Literature & Culture is an annual international conference, organised by a different university each year, to enable senior and emerging scholars to engage in innovative theoretical discussions and scholarly debates. In 2023, when we celebrated the centenary of the Republic of Türkiye, The 10th International Conference on Language, Literature & Culture was co-hosted by Gümüşhane University (Türkiye) Ankara Science University (Türkiye), and University of Évora (Portugal). The 10th LLC was held as an online conference on 15-16 September 2023. The international conference was a peer-reviewed academic forum for the exchange and communication of scholarship in the fields of language, literary studies, translation and cultural studies, aiming to provide a venue for scholars and graduate students working at the boundaries of these disciplines.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/20292
  Günah keçileri Yaratmak: Claire Keegan’ın Bunlar Gibi Küçük Şeyler adlı Romanın- da Kilise, Devlet ve Toplumun Suç Ortaklığı

  Hakkıoğlu, Mümin; Güneş, Mustafa

  Claire Keegan’ın Small Things Like These (2021) adlı romanı, İrlanda’daki Magdalen Çamaşırhaneleri bağlamında saflık, kirlilik ve günah keçisi ilan etme gibi kavramları tartış- maya açmaktadır. Roman, ahlak ve ahlaksızlığın cinsiyetçi bir kategoriye indirgenmesini eleştirmekte ve toplumun hem kurbanları hem de kurtarıcıları olarak “düşmüş kadınlara” odaklanmaktadır. Roman aynı zamanda kapitalizm ve eşitsizliğin hüküm sürdüğü İrlan- da’daki New Ross kasabasının sert sosyo-ekonomik ortamını ve kapitalist sistemin kur- banları olan karakterleri de tasvir etmektedir. Keegan, 1996 yılına kadar İrlanda ulusu için ideal kadınların yaratılmasında ve halkın “düşmüş” kadınlardan korunmasında etkili olan Magdalen Çamaşırhaneleri’nin bir taslağını çizerek, dini ve kapitalist etkiler arasındaki suç ortaklığına işaret eder. Kapitalizmin özel mülkiyeti, kârı ve rekabeti öncelediğini ve Hıristiyanlığın sistemin temel ilkelerini yaydığını anıştırarak Hıristiyanlık ve kapitalizm arasındaki ilişkiye vurgu yapar. Anlatı, kapitalizmin kâr arayışının savunmasız grupların sömürülmesine ve marjinalleştirilmesine nasıl yol açabileceğinin, zenginlerin ve güçlülerin çıkarlarını korumak için bir günah keçisi ilan etme sistemini nasıl sürdürdüğünün altını çizmektedir. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Keegan’ın Small Things Like These adlı eserinde özellikle ötekileştirilen ve manastıra kapatılan kızlar ve diğer karakterler üzerinden örneklenen günah keçisi olgusunu, “mimetik arzu,” “şiddet” ve “günah keçisi mekanizması” ile ilgili teorilerden yararlanarak incelemektir. Çalışma ayrıca, dışlanan ve ulusal ideallere zarar vermekle suçlanan bu kızların hakikate ilişkin nasıl bir ayna işle- vi gördüğünü göstermeyi ve hepsi kapitalizmin güçleri tarafından manipüle edilen kilise, devlet ve toplumun karmaşık etkileşimi içinde gerçek bir toplumsal arınmaya ulaşmanın imkansızlığını ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2022/r/gumushane/17091
  Mimetic Desire and Scapegoating Mechanisms in Martin Amis’s “The Last Days of Muhammad Atta”

  Güneş, Mustafa

  René Girard, the French sacrifice theory doyen, bases her sacrifice and scapegoat arguments on cultural and literary representations and claims an end for the sacrificial rites and scapegoating mechanism in cultures and narratives after the exposition and deciphering of the stereotypes of persecution with Christianity. However, by referring to René Girard’s sacrifice theory, this study aims to argue that one of the greatest yet also most notorious writers of English fiction, Martin Amis, who recurrently touches upon such issues in his texts as racism, sexism, wars, capitalism, and terrorism, implies a modern enactment of the mechanism of mimetic desire and scapegoating in a literary work, that is “The Last Days of Muhammad Atta,” which revolves around the last days of one of the terrorists of 9/11. Amis’s short fiction will be subjected to a close reading so as to argue that despite Amis’s interviews and arguments associating terrorism with Islam and the Orient, the text deconstructs Amis’s allegations against Islamism and the Oriental, and when Amis’s text is considered as a modern and multi-layered representation of mechanisms of mimetic desire and scapegoating, the violence and terrorism are revealed to be issues which cannot solely be identified with a single milieu or a group nonchalantly. Instead, it will be clearly seen that the core drive for humans has always been the will to power and to ensure authority over the other throughout the centuries, whether it be primitive tribes, or civilized groups, or modern governments and nations, and such concentrations as a nation, community, or religion further worked to give their civilized members a cause to satisfy the primitive tendency to violence and carnage surviving in their repressed collective unconscious.

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