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Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/10592
  Building Resilience in Global Tourism: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Indicators for Sustainable Development

  Erol, Ismail; Dogru, Tarik; Oztel, Ahmet; Bilgihan, Anil; Peker, Iskender; Neuhofer, Irem Onder

  The primary perspective of this study is the global tourism industry (GTI) as an interconnected supply chain network, encompassing both tourism firms (e.g., hotels, airlines, and operators) and destinations (e.g., local communities and ecosystems). This industry-level focus allows for analyzing resilience indicators that bridge firm-specific capabilities with destination-wide vulnerabilities, rather than isolating one over the other. Using a mixed-method approach, this research conceptualizes resilience through various management theories. First, it identifies critical resilience indicators across institutional, societal, economic, and ecological dimensions. Second, these indicators are analyzed with a novel Spherical Fuzzy Interpretive Structural Modeling and Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification framework, utilizing expert opinions to uncover complex interdependencies among indicators. The findings of this study highlight that effective government policies, robust incentive mechanisms, advanced digital infrastructure, dynamic capabilities, and ecologically sustainable tourism practices are key drivers of resilience. However, socioeconomic impacts, tourist satisfaction, and price competitiveness emerge as highly dependent outcomes influenced by these drivers. This study also introduces the Adaptive Global-Local Interaction Theory, a new framework that integrates global influences with local realities to enhance tourism resilience. By offering a comprehensive framework and practical guidelines, this research equips policymakers and stakeholders with actionable strategies to bolster the industry's capacity to anticipate, adapt to, and recover from crises, promoting sustainable development amidst volatile global conditions.

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• Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/19357
  Afet Direnci Kavramını Anlamak: Direnç Göstergeleri Üzerine PRISMA Yöntemiyle Sistematik Bir İnceleme

  Peker, İskender; Ozbey, Sümeyye

  Doğal ve beşerî faktörlerin bir araya gelmesiyle oluşan afetler, toplumların güvenliği, sürdürülebilir kalkınması ve yaşam kalitesi üzerinde ciddi tehditler oluşturmaktadır. Afetlerin önlenebilmesi veya etkilerinin azaltılabilmesi, toplumların ve kurumların afet direncinin artırılmasıyla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Afetlere dirençli toplumlar, afetlerle karşı karşıya kaldıklarında daha az kayıp yaşamakta, daha hızlı toparlanabilmekte ve yeniden işlevsel hale gelebilmektedir. Afetlerin etkilerinin azaltılması ve toplumsal hazırlığın artırılması amacıyla toplumsal afet direnci kavramına literatürde yer verilmiş olmasına rağmen bu kavrama ilişkin teorik çerçeve sınırlıdır. Kavramın tanımlanması, etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi, hangi yöntemlerle değerlendirilebileceği açık değildir. Bu çalışma, söz konusu kavramsal boşluğu doldurmak amacıyla PRISMA yöntemi kullanılarak kapsamlı bir literatür analizi gerçekleştirmekte ve toplumsal afet direncine dair metodolojik bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Analiz sonucunda, afetlere karşı kırılganlığın azaltılması için dirençlilikle ilişkili mevcut çalışmalar sistematik biçimde değerlendirilmiş, ayrıca bu kavramın ölçülebilmesi için kullanılabilecek bir dizi ilke ve gösterge sunulmuştur. Sonuç olarak çalışma, afetlere karşı kırılganlığı azaltmaya ve sürdürülebilir bir afet yönetimi yaklaşımı geliştirmeye katkı sunacak kavramsal ve pratik öneriler ortaya koymaktadır.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/19338
  Afetlere Dirençli Kentler İçin Kardeş Afet Parkı Yaklaşımı: Yedisu Segmenti’nde Pilot İl Seçimi

  Peker, İskender; Tanyas, Mehmet; Şimşek, Nurcan

  Afetlere dirençli kentler, doğa kaynaklı afetlere karşı hazırlıklı, esnek ve hızlı toparlanabilen yerleşimler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Özellikle 2000’li yıllardan itibaren uluslararası politika ve çalışmalarda, afet öncesi risk azaltımı ve afet sonrası iyileşme süreçlerinde kentsel dayanıklılığın güçlendirilmesi öncelikli hale gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda kamusal açık ve yeşil alanlar, deprem gibi yıkıcı afetlerde güvenli toplanma ve geçici barınma mekânları olarak kritik bir rol üstlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kardeş şehir modelinden esinlenerek geliştirilen Kardeş Afet Parkları yaklaşımı kapsamında, Yedisu sismik boşluğu çevresindeki iller için pilot il seçimi amaçlanmıştır. Literatürden belirlenen kriterler BWM yöntemiyle ağırlıklandırılmış, TOPSIS analizi sonucunda Erzincan en uygun pilot il olarak belirlenmiştir.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/16825
  An assessment of multi-hazard events in post-earthquake temporary shelters: the case of the February 6, 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye

  Deniz Ozturk, Yasemin; Peker, Iskender

  The 6 February 2023 earthquakes caused catastrophic losses across 11 provinces of T & uuml;rkiye. To meet urgent shelter needs, extensive tent and container settlements were rapidly established; over time, however, these sites proved highly vulnerable to multi-hazard events. This study investigates the spatial and temporal distribution and impacts of fires, floods, and storms on temporary shelters over a two-year period following the earthquakes. In total, 306 events were identified across eight provinces - 155 fires, 147 floods, and 4 storms - damaging 5,075 containers and 420 tents, and causing 16 deaths and 67 injuries. Seasonal factors played a critical role of these hazards. As the earthquakes occurred during winter, the region's cold, rainy conditions led to frequent flooding and numerous heating-related tent fires, particularly in winter and early spring. March recorded the highest number of events due to intense rainfall, storms, and elevated heating demand. Vulnerable groups - including children, workers, and refugees - were disproportionately affected, with children accounting for six fire-related fatalities. Overall, the results highlight the seasonal nature of multi-hazard events in temporary shelter areas and emphasise the need for climate-sensitive planning, hazard mitigation measures, and improved safety standards in post-disaster temporary settlements.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13793
  Determining the effect of blockchain technology on the medical waste management process in the circular economy framework using integrated FUCOM-ARAS methods

  Batar, Bilge; Peker, İskender

  Background: The circular economy concept aims to reduce environmental impact by promoting resource reuse, minimizing waste through input reduction, and lowering costs. Rising costs are leading healthcare facilities and other organizations to prioritize medical waste management. Blockchain technology, introduced in 2008, functions as a database of auditable and traceable transactions built on a network of trust-based blocks. Key features such as transparency, reliability, accessibility, flexibility, and automation can significantly enhance the efficiency of medical waste management processes, thereby contributing to the circular economy. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of medical waste management—critical for healthcare institutions and sustainable development—within the framework of the circular economy. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques are used to assess the contributions of blockchain technology to this process. Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify relevant criteria and alternatives. The Full Consistency Method (FUCOM), an MCDM technique, was used to calculate the weight of each criterion. The Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) method was applied to rank the alternatives. Conclusion: According to the analysis's findings, transparency, traceability, and dependability are the three most important criteria, respectively. The stages of medical waste storage, disposal, and transportation have the highest priority ratings among the available options. According to these results, incorporating blockchain technology into medical waste management can significantly improve system traceability and reliability, enhancing its role in the circular economy. Notably, the storage phase is the most appropriate for implementing blockchain. However, the other phases’ comparatively high appropriateness scores attest to the technology's capacity to be used efficiently across the waste management cycle. This integration promotes traceable and transparent procedures, guaranteeing dependable waste management procedures in healthcare facilities and supporting the objectives of the circular economy and sustainability. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis shows that when the weighting of criterion is altered, the ranking of alternatives changes as well. This dynamic interaction emphasizes how blockchain technology may be successfully integrated into all phases rather than being restricted to just one because waste management is cyclical and holistic.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/13458
  Critical Success Factors for Building Resilience in Circular Supply Chains of Electric Vehicle Batteries: Evidence from an Emerging Country

  Erol, Ismail; Oztel, Ahmet; Peker, Iskender; Ar, Ilker Murat; Searcy, Cory

  Given the global expansion of electric vehicles (EVs), decision makers in developing and emerging countries must address important challenges across EV battery supply chains (EVBSCs) toward circularity. For example, batteries usually make up about 40% of an EVs’ value, and the race to achieve net zero emissions will further underscore the critical need for vital minerals and metals, such as lithium, cobalt, and graphite, necessary to make batteries. Stakeholders routinely question the resilience of circular (C) EVBSCs worldwide, from mining valuable materials to manufacturing the batteries necessary to support the widespread deployment of EVs. Identifying and investigating critical success factors (CSFs) of any system is a necessary step in achieving its targets. Little research, however, has been performed to investigate the CSFs for building resilience in EVBSCs, particularly those focused on building a circular supply chain. The goal of this research is, therefore, to systematically scrutinize the CSFs of resilient C-EVBSCs in Türkiye. To this end, a decision framework applying inter-valued neutrosophic ISM-MICMAC is proposed. Based on expert opinions, an application of the decision framework finds that effective government policies, directives, and incentives and well-established dynamic capabilities, are key driving CSFs to building resilience in a C-EVBSC.

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• MakaleÖn baskısı açık2026/r/gumushane/12232
  Mixed Method Investigation of the Major Challenges to the Sustainable Deployment of the Electric Vehicle Charging Station Network in Türkiye

  Erol, Ismail; Oztel, Ahmet; Peker, Iskender; Ar, Ilker Murat; Benli, Tolga; Turan, İsmet

  Charging the increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) in use requires the deployment of EV charging station networks (EVCSN). However, there are various challenges to deploying EVCSN in a sustainable manner. Türkiye, a developing country, should also build a robust EVCSN to encourage future adoption of EVs as the country’s market for EVs has been rapidly growing. The literature review concludes that no previous study has systematically explored challenges to the sustainable deployment of EVCSN. The goal of this study is, therefore, twofold: first, it identifies those challenges through the lenses of commonly used theories. Second, it explores them using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework that incorporates a rough-derived interval-valued neutrosophic set (R-IVN)-based ISM into MICMAC. By deriving interval neutrosophic information from single-valued expert inputs using rough number operators, the proposed approach more accurately captures epistemic uncertainty and variability in expert judgments compared to conventional interval-based models. The method is further validated through a novel Dice–Sørensen similarity index-based simulation approach. The findings of this study suggest that developing government policies and regulations and addressing the existence of vertically integrated companies are the critical challenges with higher driving powers. These findings provide key responsibilities for stakeholders, including urban municipalities, in developing guidelines for EVCSN deployment.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/19741
  Türkiye’de Yeşil Liman Olabilecek Limanların ANP-BOCR Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi

  Kisa, Ayse Cansu Gok; Peker, İskender; Gergin, Ramazan Eyüp; Keske, Büşra

  Yeşil limanlar, kentsel ekonominin gelişmesine ve sürdürülebilir çevresel stratejilerin uygulanmasına imkân sağlayan önemli unsurlardandır. Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’de faaliyet gerçekleştiren limanların yeşil liman sertifikasına sahip olma potansiyellerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda sektör raporlarında yer alan veriler çerçevesinde bölgesel anlamda konteyner elleçleme miktarı (TEU) en fazla olup yeşil liman sertifikasyonu olmayan limanlar çalışmanın alternatiflerini oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın kriterleri ise kapsamlı bir literatür araştırması ve uzmanların görüş önerileri çerçevesinde belirlenmiştir. Problemin çözümünde ise bir Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) tekniği olan Analitik Ağ Süreci (ANP)- Fayda, Fırsat, Maliyet, Risk (BOCR) yaklaşımından faydalanılmıştır. Buna göre yeşil liman sertifikasyonu sahipliğinde en fazla etkiye sahip olan kriter hava kirliliğini azaltmak (0,049) olmuş iken, en az etkiye sahip kriterler ise soğuk ütüleme ve gemi hızı düşürme teknolojisi kullanılması (0,015) ile liman ücretlerinde ceza fiyatlandırması yapılmaması (0,015) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Mersin International Port (0,055) ise yeşil liman sertifikasına sahip olma potansiyeli en yüksek alternatif olarak belirlenmiştir.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/14226
  Towards precision dentistry through artificial intelligence and blockchain-based digital Twins: Investigating challenges and solution strategies

  Erol, Ismail; Peker, Iskender; Medeni, Ihsan Tolga; Yuce, Fatma

  The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and digital twins (DT) in dentistry is essential to meet evolving patient expectations and global healthcare challenges. However, realizing their full potential requires addressing significant adoption barriers. While conceptual studies have explored challenges to implementing AI, blockchain, and DT in dentistry, no prior research has systematically analyzed the interrelationships among these obstacles using a structured decision framework. This study employs pentagonal fuzzy (PF) DEMATEL to investigate the connections among challenges to effectively implementing AI and blockchain-based DT in dentistry. Expert opinions highlight ethical considerations and bias and fairness in AI-based DT as the most critical causal challenges. We propose an AI and blockchain-based DT architecture that enables human doctors to leverage DT-based decision support, while AI-driven systems execute high-precision procedures with blockchain-verified workflows. This framework enhances treatment accuracy and personalization in dentistry and offers a scalable model for addressing societal concerns, such as privacy, fairness, and labor dynamics, in technology-driven ecosystems. A pilot study framework is proposed to validate diagnostic accuracy, data security, and treatment customization. Accompanied by stakeholder guidelines, this research bridges dentistry with broader discussions on technology's societal impact, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary strategies to ensure equitable and trustworthy innovation.

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• Kitap BölümüAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/14034
  Ensuring Circularity through Outsourcing Decisions in Solar Photovoltaic Supply Chains

  Erol, Ismail; Peker, Iskender; Benli, Tolga; Ar, Ilker Murat

  Because solar photovoltaic (SPv) panels have seen such significant cost reductions in recent years, it has proven to be by far the most dynamic forms of renewable power generation. However, the transition from linear to circular is also crucial for building sustainability in SPv supply chains. The circular economy (CE) is appealing in part because of its ability to bring economic and environmental development objectives together to ensure sustainable production and consumption. To aid in the shift to a more circular economy, several circular-based strategies for various functions such as procurement can be developed. In this study, critical success factors (CSFs) to ensure circular outsourcing structure in SPv supply chains are identified and scrutinized. To achieve this, a multi-criteria-based methodology is proposed. The findings of this study argue that understanding the actual implications of not converting to circular outsourcing (C12) is the most significant cause CSF. This study also provides several implications.

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