Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/13555
  Institutional and relational underpinnings of vertical FDI spillovers in international buyer-supplier relationships: Insights from automotive suppliers

  Nas, Tulay Ilhan; Sahin, Fatih; Golgeci, Ismail; Okan, Tarhan

  This study takes a fresh approach to explore the mechanisms of foreign direct investment (FDI) spillovers in the context of emerging economy firms, specifically focusing on the Turkish automotive industry. Given emerging economy firms' inherent constraints in R&D and resources, FDI serves as a critical avenue for them to acquire technological and managerial knowledge. While previous literature has extensively analyzed spillovers from an economic perspective, our research introduces a neoinstitutional perspective in organizational sociology to understand how these spillovers manifest and influence productivity and innovation. Importantly, we examine the role of international buyer-supplier relationships, a key aspect in shaping spillover outcomes. In so doing, we draw on rich qualitative data from 7 Turkish direct and sub-suppliers of large automotive multinational enterprises (MNEs). Our findings underscore the significant influence of the institutional context and relational mechanisms on the effectiveness of FDI spillovers, revealing why anticipated positive effects may not always materialize. This study contributes to the existing literature by addressing the limitations of prior research and provides practical insights for policymakers in emerging economies, empowering them to leverage FDI for economic growth and organizational success.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/gumushane/12540
  The Status of University Business Schools Regarding Industry 4.0: From the Turkish Perspective

  Ilhan-Nas, Tulay; Saglam, Aysegul; Okan, Tarhan; Peker, Iskender

  Industry 4.0, whose effects have been more and more noticeable in recent years, and the digital change it brings call for a new educational model that aligns university instructional processes and curricula with the demands of business. This approach, known as University 4.0, intends to promote more technology-based applications, the power of innovation, the training of skilled specialists to satisfy industrial needs, and the development of competences that can achieve multidisciplinary projects. It is of utmost importance to adapt late-industrializing nations’ educational systems, such as Turkey’s, to this change process. The aim of this research, which takes the Turkish context as a reference, is to reveal how the curricula and educational processes of business schools should be shaped with a perspective that takes into account the human resources requirements of industry 4.0. A decision-making technique that integrates QFD, Delphi, and DEMATEL methods was employed in the study. The results clearly show that the most important expectation for social stakeholders is to provide university-industry cooperation. However, some of the most pressing problems include applied learning through collaborative educational experiences, teamwork skills, changing roles and competencies of academics. The findings point out that the educational activities of business schools must be linked with industry expectations through technology-based training activities and teamwork.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2018/r/gumushane/10461
  The effects of ownership concentration and institutional distance on the foreign entry ownership strategy of Turkish MNEs

  Ilhan-Nas, Tulay; Okan, Tarhan; Tatoglu, Ekrem; Demirbag, Mehmet; Glaister, Keith W.

  We investigate how ownership concentration and institutional distance both directly influence the equity-based ownership strategies of a sample of Turkish MNEs, and also how institutional differences moderate the link between ownership concentration and the equity-based ownership strategies of these firms. The findings suggest that neither ownership concentration nor institutional distance significantly affects the level of equity ownership. Although institutional distance variables have no direct effects on equity ownership, they tend to moderate the relationships between the ownership concentration and foreign equity ownership strategy of Turkish MNEs. In particular, we provide evidence that the regulative and normative dimensions of institutional distance affect the strength of the relationships between equity ownership strategy of MNEs and ownership concentration more so than the cognitive dimension of institutional distance.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2017/r/gumushane/18593
  Prosedür adaleti algısı ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı-birey ilişkisine durumsal bir bakış: yüksek ve düşük psikolojik sermaye etkisi

  Okan, Tarhan; Bostan, Sedat; Demir, Halis

  Araştırmanın amacı, sağlık çalışanlarının prosedür adaleti algıları ve birey yönelimli örgütsel vatandaşlık (diğergamlık) davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin, çalışanların psikolojik sermayelerinin düşük ve yüksek düzeylerine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmayacağını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma, Trabzon ve Gümüşhane illerinde görev yapan 249 sağlık çalışanından meydana gelen bir örneklem üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular, prosedür adaleti ile diğergamlık arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişkinin varlığına kanıt sağlamaktadır. Psikolojik sermaye boyutlarının tamamı ile diğergamlık arasında pozitif yönlü ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları ayrıca, prosedür adaleti ile diğergamlık arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik sermayenin öz yeterlilik ve dayanıklılık boyutlarının moderatör etkilerine kanıt sağlamaktadır

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• BildiriAçık Erişim2017/r/gumushane/16206
  THE EFFECT OF THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT TOOLS ON SMES' FIRM PERFORMANCE

  Bingöl, Dursun; Filizöz, Berrin; Koparan, Emrah; Okan, Tarhan; Çapkulaç, Onur

  Growing importance of notions of productivity and efficiency which generates basic focus and domain of firms the attention for strategic management have been increasing. This increasing attention is also resulting in increasing competition and changes in its formation. Markets have switched into regional or international rather than local and national. Firms need to have a strategic point of view and use strategic management tools. The above-mentioned concepts are generally used in big firms. However, small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) have an important role in countries' economies thanks to their contribution to social development and employment. In Turkey, 99% of firms are SME. Regarding the importance of SMEs in the country's economy, this study aims to reveal if owners/managers of SMEs know about strategic management tools, if they know which tools they use, levels of satisfaction with these tools and which tools they plan to use in the future. Additionally, the study seeks priorities of owners/managers when choosing a strategic management tool and effect of level of using these tools on firm performance. (c) 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.uk

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• MakaleYalnız künye2016/r/gumushane/18843
  Yönetim kurulu çeşitliliği ve kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk söylemleri arasındaki ilişki

  Nas, Tülay İlhan; Koparan, Emrah; Okan, Tarhan

  Bu araştırmanın amacı, yönetim kurulu çeşitliliği ve kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk (KSS) söylemleri arasındaki ilişkide faaliyet gösterilen ülkeye ait kurumsal çevrenin moderatör etkisini ortaya koymaktır. İlgili literatür çerçevesinde geliştirilen araştırma hipotezleri 30 ülkeden seçilen 192 işletmeden, nitel ve nicel veri toplama araçları bir arada kullanılarak elde edilen veriler ile test edilmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, kurulda yer alan kadın üye oranı ve Ph.D. derecesine sahip üye oranı ile KSS arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişkiye kanıt sağlarken, MBA derecesine sahip üye oranı için elde edilen ilişki negatif yönlüdür. Analiz sonuçları YK çeşitliliği ile KSS arasındaki bu ilişkilerin kurumsal çevre boyutları olarak ele alınan düzenleyici, normatif ve bilişsel çevrenin güçlü ve zayıf düzeylerine göre farklılaşacağını ifade eden moderatör hipotezlere de çeşitli düzeylerde kanıt sağlamaktadır

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• MakaleYalnız künye2016/r/gumushane/18819
  Weighting the criteria of social capital as an entrepreneurship success factor by using analytic hierarchy process (ahp) and a scale proposal

  Okan, Tarhan; Aytekin, Selcen Sarı; Peker, İskender

  The aim of this study is to discover the criteria that represent social capital which can be acknowledged as a success factor of entrepreneurship in the Turkish context and to identify their relative importance level. Besides relevant literature, opinions of an expert group were received for identifying the criteria. Analytic Hierarchy Process Method was used for identifying the priorities of these criteria. Findings show that the relationship with "public institutions and authorities" is considered as the most important main dimension and the relationship with "other individual-institution-association and non-governmental organizations" has relatively lesser importance than "top managers at other firms".

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• MakaleYalnız künye2016/r/gumushane/18747
  The Effect of National Culture On Corporate Social Responsibility Applications: Research on the Developed and Developing Countries

  Nas, Tülay İlhan; Koparan, Emrah; Okan, Tarhan

  The Effect of National Culture On Corporate Social Responsibility Applications: A Research on the Developed and Developing CountriesThe aim of this study is to examine to explain the effects of national culture on corporate social responsibility (CSR) applications by comparing and contrasting the social responsibility practices of developing and developed countries. In this context, this study tested the effects of national culture on corporate social responsibility (CSR) applications by means of corporates. Within the scope of the study a dataset which belonged to 1306 corporates was generated by taking the information on corporate social responsibility (CSR) applications of the biggest 50 corporates of 36 countries into consideration. The study was based on cultural theory. With reference to this point of view, in the analyses, the effect of values and practices on CSR applications was examined separetly. The findings of analyses revealed that national culture variables have an effect on various aspects such as institutional collectivism, assertiveness, performance orientation and this effect varied by values and practices aspects of national culture and accordingly, it was found out that the relations arised differently in developing and developed countries.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2016/r/gumushane/18681
  İş yükü talebi, iş tatminsizliği ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkilerde iş-aile çatışması ve iş stresinin ara değişken rolü: sağlık çalışanları örneği

  Okan, Tarhan; Özbek, M Ferhat

  Rol stresi teorisini temel alan bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlık çalışanlarında iş-aile çatışmasının (rol çatışması) ve bu çatışmanın neden olacağı stresin; iş yükü talebi (rol yükü) ile iş tatminsizliği ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkide nasıl bir rol oynayacağını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın verileri iş yükü talebinin yoğun olduğu devlet hastanelerinde çalışan toplam 267 hemşire, hekim ve diğer sağlık çalışanlarından anket yönetimi ile toplanmıştır. Geliştirilen hipotezler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Bulgular, iş yükü talebi ile iş tatminsizliği arasındaki toplam ve doğrudan etkilerin anlamsız olduğunu; iş yükü talebi ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasında ise anlamlı bir toplam etkinin var olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna göre iş yükü talebi ile iş tatminsizliği arasındaki ilişkide, iş-aile çatışması ve iş stresi değişkenleri üzerinden ortaya çıkan bir dolaylı (indirect) etkiye kanıt sağlanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, iş-aile çatışması ve iş stresi değişkenleri, iş yükü talebi ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkide bir aracı (mediation) etkinin ortaya çıkmasında rol oynamaktadırlar

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• MakaleYalnız künye2015/r/gumushane/18957
  Exploring the Relationship between Ethical Leadership and Job Satisfaction with the Mediating Role of the Level of Loyalty to Supervisor

  Okan, Tarhan; Akyüz, Ahmet Mutlu

  The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of ethical leadership behaviour on employees' both intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction and also to find out a possible mediator effect of loyalty to supervisor in this relationship. A total of 223 academic and administrative staff who worked in Gümüşhane University in Turkey constituted the sample of the study. Mediation analysis was used to test the research model. Findings of our analysis have confirmed that ethical leadership is effective on loyalty to supervisor and also loyalty to supervisor increases employees' job satisfaction. It was understood that from the intrinsic dimension side of job satisfaction, indirect effect had been defined over "Extra Effort for Supervisor, Identification with Supervisor and Internalization of Supervisor's Values" dimensions of loyalty to supervisor. On the extrinsic dimension side of job satisfaction, "Dedication and Attachment to Supervisor (Ded*Attach), Identification with Supervisor and Internalization Supervisor's Values" dimensions of loyalty to supervisor variable had mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and job satisfaction. Briefly, as a result of mediator analysis we confirmed that a certain part of the relationship between ethical leadership and job satisfaction came out over loyalty to supervisor

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