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- Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2026Remuneration and Duties in Ottoman Waqfs: The Case of Hafsa Sultan Waqf (Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries)
Karademir, Ayşenur
Ottoman charitable endowments, known as waqfs, were established by the sultan, his family, and the members of the ruling class, serving as primary employment institutions during the classical period. These waqfs offered a broad range of social services through various public structures, thereby employing a vast number of individuals with diverse skills and educational backgrounds across the empire. This study focuses specifically on wage determination within the Manisa Waqf of Hafsa Sultan, the mother of the renowned Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent, established in 1523. The waqf complex outlined in the endowment deed, comprised a mosque, a primary school, a madrasa, a dervish lodge (hankah) and a soup-kitchen (imaret). Subsequently, it expanded to include a hospital (dârüşşifâ) and a Turkish bath (hamam). Starting with an analysis of the endowment deed, this study further examines the seventeenth and eighteenth-century accounting books retrieved from the Ottoman Archives. These records reveal various aspects, including the waqf’s expansion, the increasing employment individuals, changes in daily wages over time, in-kind payments, challenges encountered during inflationary periods, and practical measures implemented to mitigate these issues.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Aspects of Employment in Ottoman Waqfs Examples of Fatih, Yavuz Selim, and Süleymaniye Waqfs
Karademir, Aysenur
This study examines the role of Ottoman imperial waqfs as employment institutions, focusing on the salary register EV.HMH.1178, prepared for the Fatih, Yavuz Selim, and S & uuml;leymaniye waqfs in the early 18th century. By analyzing the administrative and financial oversight documented in this register, the article explores the redistributive functions of these waqfs and their contribution to sustaining long-term social and economic stability. Special attention is given to the intervention of the central office (Sadr-& imath; Acirc;li Nezareti/Grand Vizier's Office) through an imperial decree and the classification of employee roles by workplace. This research contributes to the literature on waqfs by providing insights into their employment systems and administrative practices.
- Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2020SOME LITTLE-KNOWN ASPECTS OF OTTOMAN WAQFS AND THEIR FUNCTION IN SOCIAL WELFARE ECONOMY
Karademir, Aysenur; Dobreva, J; Alaverdov, E; Yildirim-ahin, E
The expression of for the benefit of society or, ibadullahin terfihi ahvalleri which appeared in the court registers was a brief but nevertheless powerful summary of Ottoman economic and social perceptions. The Ottomans genuinely believed in this principle and, their whole social and economic life revolved around it. In this way, while they maintained the balance between rich and poor in social life, they benefited from Islamic pious foundations, waqfs, as a tool for delivering social projects. From education to health, the waqf institution provided all the services for the public, obviously supported by the Ottoman sultans. They built hospitals, soup-kitchens, universities and many other buildings, hayrat, under the management of waqfs, and they encouraged their families and government officials to do the same. Although the hayrat was the visual representation of the institution, waqf meant much more than just a building in the Ottoman economic and social understanding. In this chapter, I dig a bit deeper and, analyse some little-known aspects of Ottoman waqfs, specifically the waqfs of the state officials, referred to in the literature as sultanic and vizirate waqfs. The purpose of this study is to set out details from works which have analysed original archival sources and, to present a wide perspective on Ottoman waqf practice.