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- MakaleYalnız künye2021Single-step recovery of pectin and essential oil from lemon waste by ohmic heating assisted extraction/hydrodistillation: A multi-response optimization study
Tunç, Merve Tuğçe; Odabaş, Halil İbrahim
The main products obtained from citrus wastes are pectin and essential oil. In this work, ohmic heating assisted extraction/hydrodistillation (OHAE/H) was applied for the simultaneous recovery of pectin and essential oil from lemon waste. Optimum OHAE/H conditions to maximize the yield of pectin and essential oil were determined with response surface methodology. Three independent variables, namely liquid to solid ratio (w:v), extraction/hydrodistillation time (min) and voltage gradient (V/cm) were varied to obtain maximum pectin and essential oil yield. Optimum OHAE/H conditions were determined as 8.7:1 liquid to solid ratio, 58.4 min extraction/hydrodistillation time and 14.2 V/cm voltage gradient. The predicted pectin and essential oil yields at optimum conditions were 16.58 and 3.62 g/100 g lemon waste, respectively. Data analysis showed that all of the independent variables significantly affected the pectin and essential oil yield. In the verification study, close agreement was found between predicted and experimental values. Conventional heating extraction/hydrodistillation (CHE/H) were conducted to evaluate the effectivity of OHAE/H. With OHAE/H process, the yields of the pectin and essential oil were significantly increased when compared to CHE/H. Limonene concentration of the essential oil produced with OHAE/H was higher than the essential oil produced by CHE/H. Results demonstrate that the single-step OHAE/H could be an effective method for simultaneous extraction and hydrodistillation of pectin and essential oils.
- MakaleYalnız künye2019Ohmic heating assisted hydrodistillation of clove essential oil
Tunç, Merve Tuğçe; Koca, İlkay
Ohmic heating assisted hydrodistillation is a novel green technology for the extraction of essential oils. In this study, clove bud essential oils (CEO) were extracted by ohmic heating assisted hydrodistillation (OAHD) and compared with conventional hydrodistillation (HD) process, in terms of extraction yield, energy consumption and chemical properties. Ohmic heating assisted hydrodistillation process conditions were optimized by response surface methodology. Voltage gradient (7.5–12.5 V/cm, A), process time (30–120 minutes, B) and mass of clove bud (20–40 g, C) were varied in order to maximize CEO yield and to minimize energy consumption. Optimized extraction conditions were determined as, 12.5 V/cm voltage gradient, 97.967 min for process time and 40 g of mass of clove bud. Yield of CEO and energy consumption were found 13.18 ± 1.50% and 0.214 ± 0.030 kW h/g CEO at optimum extraction conditions, respectively. Under optimum conditions, both OAHD and HD methods were used for CEO extraction. Yields of CEO obtained by OAHD, HD-D (distilled water) and HD-S (salted water) were 13.18 ± 1.50, 8.23 ± 0.35 and 7.88 ± 0.60 respectively. Energy consumptions of OAHD and HD methods were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The main chemical component of CEO was eugenol and the yield of eugenol (g/100 g clove bud) was found higher with OAHD (6.95±0.6) method than HD-D (5.16 ± 0.20) and HD-S (5.13 ± 0.28). Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of CEOs were investigated by FRAP, DPPH and disk diffusion method. Antioxidant properties of CEOs obtained by different extraction methods were not significantly different (P > 0.05) according to FRAP and DPPH analysis. Although inhibition zones of CEOs extracted with different methods were not significantly different (P > 0.05) for gram positive bacteria's, CEO obtained by OAHD and HD-D have significantly higher (P < 0.05) inhibition zones for K. pneumonia and E. coli, respectively. The results of this study showed that OAHD method is applicable for CEO production.