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- MakaleAçık Erişim2021Erectile dysfunction treatment with Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors: Google trends analysis of last 10 years and COVID-19 pandemic
Deger, Muslim Dogan; Madendere, Serdar
Objectives: We aimed to analyze the trend change of the most popular Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors (PDE5i) over time and geography by using Google Trends (GT) data in 10 years period and COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: GT is able to generate a line-graph, showing how interest has increased or decreased over a period within specific territories. The search values for specific terms are indexed as relative search volume (RSV), which is presented on a scale from 0-100. Avarage annual percentage change (AAPC) and RSV were analyzed to evaluate gain or loss of interest in trends. Search terms were generated for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved PDE5i; tadalafil, sildenafil, vardenafil, avanafil, and their most-used brand names. The data was within worldwide from 1 January 2010, to 31 December 2020, using the global query category. Results: The overall interest in PDE5i has doubled. Sildenafil has become the most trend PDE5i of today with a regular increase (AAPC: 0.016, p < 0.01). Although the search trend of tadalafil remained almost constant until 2014, the rate of increase in the last 6 years raised and tadalafil has become the 2nd most popular PDE5i recently (AAPC: 0.007, p < 0.01). For vardenafil there has been a decreased interest (AAPC: -0.009, p < 0.01). There is no significant change in avanafil trend (AAPC: 0.000, p: 0.5). All PDE5i interest on GT decreased notably from February to June 2020. But after June, search trends reached the level before the COVID-19 period in a month. Conclusions: These findings show us, with its increasing prevalence, erectile dysfunction (ED) has become a major public health problem. People from different geographies search the Internet for ED treatment options. Patients should be informed that ED may be the first sign of many comorbid diseases, and patients with ED should be referred to a health institution for diagnosis and treatment.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019Prostate volume effect on Gleason score upgrading in active surveillance appropriate patients
Çamur, Emre; Coskun, Alper; Kavukoglu, Ovunc; Can, Utku; Kara, Onder; Çamur, Arzu Develi; Sarica, Kemal; Narter, Kamil Fehmi
Introduction: Gleason Score (GS) upgrading rates in the literature are reported to be around 33-45%. The relationship between prostate volume and GS upgrading should be defined, aiming to reduce upgrading rates in patients with low risk groups who are eligible for active surveillance (AS) or minimally invasive treatment, by varying biopsy cores, or lengths of cores according to prostate volumes. In this regard, the aim of our study was to establish the relationship between prostate volume and GS upgrading. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 78 patients, who were appropriate for AS between 2011-2016 at our hospital. Inclusion criteria were patient age under 65 years, PSA level under 10 ng/ml, GS (3 + 3) or (3 + 4), and 3 or less positive cores, clinical stages <= T2. GS increase in radical prostatectomy specimen was considered as 'upgrading' and in addition, score reported by biopsy as 3 + 4 but in surgical specimen as 4 + 3 were also considered as 'upgrading'. The effect of prostate volume on Gleason grade upgrading was examined by calculating upgrading rates separately for patients with prostate volume 30 ml or less, those with 30 to 60 ml, and those over 60 ml. Results: As a result of the analysis of the data, upgrading was seen in 35 (44.8%) of 78 patients included in the study. In the cohort mean prostate volume was 49.8 (+/- 26.3) ml. Twenty-two patients (28.2%) had prostate volume 30 ml or less, 34 (43.6%) 30 to 60 ml, and 22 (28.2%) 60 ml or more. The patients were divided into two groups as those with and without GS upgrading. Between the groups prostate volume and prostate volume range (0-30/31-60/> 60) were not significantly different (p value > 0.05). Conclusions: Gleason grade upgrading causes patients to be classified in a lower risk group than they actually are, and may lead to inappropriate treatment. This condition has a direct effect on the decision of active surveillance. Therefore, it is important to define the factors that can predict GS upgrading in active surveillance appropriate patients. In this study, we found that prostate volume has no significant effect on upgrading in active surveillance appropriate patients.
- DergiARCHIVIO ITALIANO DI UROLOGIA E ANDROLOGIA