Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
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- MakaleAçık Erişim2026The mediating role of physical self-perception and the moderating effect of gender in the association between physical activity and psychological well-being among young recreational participants
Ekizoglu, Ozlem; Tetik, Sibel; Zambak, Omer; Temur, Canan Sayin; Can, Yusuf; Isik, Utku; Koc, Mustafa Can
Background/objective Psychological well-being disorders are increasingly prevalent among young people. While physical activity is known to benefit psychological well-being, the mechanisms-particularly the role of physical self-perception and gender in recreational context remain underexplored. Grounded in the Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory, this study investigates the mediating role of physical self-perception in the relationship between recreational physical activity and psychological well-being and examines whether gender moderates this mediation among youth aged 15-24.Methods A descriptive-relational survey design was employed. The sample comprised 468 young adults (58.5% male, 41.5% female; M_age = 20.08) who regularly participated in recreational physical activities. Data were collected using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP), and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS). Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted using PROCESS macro-Models 4 and 7.Results The direct effect of physical activity on psychological well-being was not significant. However, physical self-perception fully mediated the relationship between physical activity and psychological well-being (indirect effect: beta = 0.219, 95% CI [0.151, 0.290]). Among the sub-dimensions of physical self-perception, body attractiveness had the strongest mediating effect. Moderation analysis revealed that gender did not significantly moderate the mediation pathways (a path: p = 0.156; b path: p = 0.954). The mediation mechanism operated with similar strength in both males and females.Conclusion Recreational physical activity improves psychological well-being entirely through the enhancement of physical self-perception, supporting the COR theory that physical activity acts as a resource investment. This mechanism is universal across genders in recreational settings. Interventions aiming to improve youth psychological well-being should not only promote physical activity but specifically focus on fostering positive physical self-perception and body image in inclusive, non-judgmental environments.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Comparative Tactical Paradigmsin Football: Insights FromScandinavian, Baltic, and TurkishCoaching Models
Eroglu, Seref; Toktas, Sermet; Çaglar, Esin Cagla; Ünlü, Cisem; ÇevIker, Abdulkerim; Zambak, Omer
The goal of this study was to compare the tactics expertise paradigms and game-reading skills of elite football coaches with different geographical and cultural back-grounds, based on empirical data. In total, ten elite football coaches participated in the study. All participants had at least 10 years of coaching experience and had either UEFA Pro or A license. Coaches came from the following football federations: Scandinavian (n = 4) , Baltic (n = 3) , and Turkish (n = 3) In order to gather empirical data regarding the knowledge of coaches about theory and methods in cri-sis situation (tacit knowledge), we used the interview form comprising of 25 ques-tions. The Kruskal-Wallis H test results indicated significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) in all aspects of tacti-cal expertise paradigm examined: strate-gic planning, offensive organization, de-fensive transitions, crisis management, and methodological fidelity. Effect sizes calcu-lated for each aspect proved that the mem-bership of the coaches' group (geographi-cal and cultural school) accounted for sig-nificant percentage of variance in their tac-tical expertise (n(2) = 0.777 - 0.86) The results obtained showed that Scandinavian School of coaching prioritized struc-tural discipline and collective intelligence principles, obtaining the highest ratings in strategic planning (4.43) and method-ological fidelity (4.77). Turkish School demonstrated its advantage in crisis man-agement (4.59); however, Turkish coaches were characterized by the lowest rate in methodological fidelity (2.94). As the re-sult, ability of Turkish coaches in tactical improvisation and intuitive expertise con-flicts with system-oriented approach. De-spite obtaining the best score in defen-sive transitions (4.76), the Baltic School demonstrated its reactivity in regards to offensive organization and strategic plan-ning. To conclude, this study showed that tactical expertise is not only a set of tech-nical knowledge, but also the specific cog-nitive scheme that includes geographic and cultural code elements. It can be concluded that distinctive feature of Scandinavian ra-tionalism and Turkish dynamism provides useful theoretical background for hybrid coach models in contemporary football.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Investigation of Physical and Cognitive Performance of Athletes
Çeviker, Abdulkerim; Turgut, Abdusselam; Zambak, Omer; Yanar, Muhammed Said; Çamiçi, Furkan; Ünlil, Cisem; Eroglu, Seref
This study aims to examine the relationship between physical performance levels and cognitive functions of male athletes aged 18-25 years competing in the Turkish Hockey Indoor 1st League. 45 athletes participated in the study, balance, flexibility and vertical jump tests and D2 Attention Test were applied. In addition to descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that attention levels did not differ significantly according to age, education, sport experience and position (p>0.05). While there was no significant relationship between physical performance variables and attention, only vertical jump values showed a significant difference between the positions (p<0.05). In addition, positive and significant correlations were observed between the sub-dimensions of the attention test. In this context, it was concluded that not only physical criteria but also cognitive skills should be systematically included in the performance evaluations of hockey athletes.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2022Investigation of the effect of basic swimming education course on some respiratory parameters of university students
Sever, Mehmet Onur; Zambak, Omer
In this study, the effect of 12-week basic swimming training of sports science students on some respiratory parameters was determined. In the 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades of Gumushane University School of Physical Education and Sports, 64 (111) male students who did not take swimming lessons and 47 who took swimming lessons participated voluntarily. The experimental group was given breath work for 12 weeks during the course content and for 10 minutes at the end. Measurements were taken from the students twice before and after the 12-week education. SPSS 25.0 program was used in the analysis of the data collected within the scope of the research. Independent comparison of age, height and body weight measurements of the athletes in the experimental and control groups. Samples T Test was used. In the comparison of time, group, group x time changes of FVC, MVV, VC and FEV1 measurements, Repeated Measures ANOVA analysis was used. Statistical significance level was taken as (p<0.05). As a result of the research, a significant result could not be reached in FVC and FEV1 values between Tests, Groups and Group x time intervals, whereas VC was only between tests. However, statistically significant differences were found between MVV and VC Tests, Groups and Group x Time values. In short, it has been shown that students who take swimming lessons have statistically higher lung volumes than students who do not take the lesson. However, swimming activity can be recommended to increase respiratory efficiency of university students.
- MakaleYalnız künye2020The Effects of Explosive Strength Applied to Footballers on Some Physical and Physiological Parameters
Zambak, Omer; Sever, M. Onur
It is aimed to investigate the effects of explosive strength training on aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, blood pressure, resting heart rate and shooting speed. The aim of this study was to investigate the explosive strength training on some physical and physiological parameters. The study included 38 volunteer 1st and 2nd amateur league footballers aged 1825 years. Aerobic capacities of the players were measured by shuttle run test and Anaerobic power measurement by vertical jump test. After calculating the vertical jump value of the athletes anaerobic strength; calculated using the Lewis Nomogram using vertical jump and body weight values. The shooting speed of the players was determined by speed pocket radar equipment In the study, different strength training (station training method) and football-specific technical and tactical training programs were applied to the research group for 8 weeks, 3 days a week. only technical and tactical training programs were applied to the control group. The parameters were taken twice before and after the 8-week study. In order to determine the differences between the pre-test and post-test results, The Wilcoxon test, one of the nonparametric tests, was used to, Mann Whitney U-test analysis was used to compare the pre-test and post-test values between the groups. The significance level of the study was accepted as p<0.05. Significant difference in shooting speed was found as a result of the signed ranks test comparing the pre-test and post-test measurements of the research group participants (p<0,05). Significant differences between the measurements of aerobic power, anaerobic power were found as a result of the signed ranks test comparing the pre-test and post-test values of the control group participants (p<0,05). After the Mann-Whitney U test, where the posttest measurement values of the experimental and control group participants were compared, there was a significant difference between the groups in aerobic power values, and this difference was found to be in favor of the experimental group participants (p <0.05). As a result, it can be said that explosive strength training applied to amateur football players between the ages of 18 - 25 increases the shooting speed.