Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Enhanced Sensorless Current Control in Boost Converters for EV Fast Charging: Equilibrium Optimization-Tuned Cascaded ANN-Fuzzy Logic Control
Altan, Aytac; Yanarates, Cagfer; Alzaidi, Mohammed S.
Efficient current control in boost converters is critical for electric vehicle (EV) battery charging applications, where dynamic operating conditions challenge conventional control strategies. This paper presents a novel cascaded artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic (ANFIS) controller designed to enhance current regulation in boost converters. The performance of the proposed approach is validated through comparison with single PI, cascaded PI, and single ANFIS control schemes. To improve system performance, a sensorless current estimation technique is implemented, reducing hardware dependency and enhancing robustness, while lowering system cost. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the proposed cascaded ANFIS controller maintains consistent current levels under rapid load changes, providing improved transient response and steady-state accuracy. Specifically, the proposed method achieves a settling time of 23 ms, compared to 185 ms for single PI and 66 ms for single ANFIS control, corresponding to an 87.6% improvement over PI. In addition, overshoot is reduced from 37.25% (PI) and approximately 20% (ANFIS) to negligible levels, while a fast rise time of 3.62 ms is obtained. These improvements reduce current deviation and transient stress, contributing to more stable and reliable charging operation. Although charging time, efficiency, and battery lifetime are not directly measured, the results indicate strong potential for improved practical charging performance. The proposed approach provides valuable insights into the integration of intelligent control methods in power electronics and supports the development of high-performance EV charging systems.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Optimizing Reflow Soldering Oven Temperature Control: A Mathematical Approach with First-Order Modelling and PI Controller Design
Altan, Aytaç; Yanarates, Cagfer
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the identification and control of a reflow soldering oven, with the primary goal of developing a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller to ensure precise temperature regulation and high-quality solder joints in circuit board manufacturing. The study begins by examining the generic thermal profile of a reflow soldering oven, offering insights into its temperature dynamics and control requirements. A mathematical model of the oven is derived using a first-order transfer function with transport delay, based on system response analysis. This model serves as the basis for designing and tuning the PI controller. The design process involves a systematic approach, including model validation and performance analysis under various operating conditions. The optimization of temperature control focuses on minimizing overshoot, compensating for steady-state errors, and ensuring robust responses to disturbances. Comprehensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the system's performance and stability, taking into account potential disturbances, noise, and time delays. The effectiveness of the developed PI controller is validated through comparisons with a simple Proportional (P) controller, and its accuracy is verified using the pole placement method. The results demonstrate significant improvements in temperature control, highlighting the controller's ability to precisely maintain desired thermal profiles.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Dc regulation and loop gain analysis of a dc-dc switch mode power supply: a case study on a synchronous pwm controlled buck converter
Altan, Aytaç; Yanarates, Cagfer
This study investigates the DC regulation of a DC-DC buck converter operating with pulse width modulation (PWM), taking into account the internal resistance of the coil and the on-resistance of the switching device. The effect of these parameters on the input/output disturbances is analyzed in continuous-conduction mode under constant frequency voltage mode control. The study also explores the effect on loop gain using the IRU3037 8-pin IC synchronous PWM controlled buck converter. The transfer function of the IRU3037 IC is derived from datasheet values using state-space averaging and AC small signal methods. A Type II compensator is then designed based on the derived transfer function. In addition, the step response characteristics of the open-loop and closed-loop circuits are investigated by time domain analysis.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Compact analysis of the necessity of padé approximation for delayed continuous-time models in lqr, h-infinity and root locus control strategies
Altan, Aytaç; Yanarates, Cagfer
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the need for the Padé approximation for continuous-time models with delays, focusing on its critical role in addressing the control challenges posed by time delays. Time delays, often referred to as dead times, transport delays or time lags, are inherent in a wide range of industrial and engineering processes. These delays introduce phase shifts that degrade control performance by reducing control bandwidth and threatening the stability of closed-loop systems. Accurate modelling and compensation of these delays is essential to maintain system stability and ensure effective control. This paper highlights the difficulties that arise when using advanced control techniques such as root locus (RL), linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and H-infinity (H_∞) control in systems with delays. Representing delays in exponential form leads to an infinite number of state problems, complicating the design and analysis of controllers in such systems. To address these challenges, the Padé approximation is proposed as an effective method for approximating time delays with rational polynomials of appropriate order. This approach allows for more accurate simulation, system analysis and controller design, thereby mitigating the problems caused by delays. The paper also provides a detailed comparative analysis between the Padé approximation and Taylor polynomials, demonstrating the superiority of the former in achieving accurate delay modelling and control performance. The results show that the use of Padé approximation not only improves the accuracy of system models, but also improves the robustness and stability of control strategies such as RL, LQR, and H_∞. These results highlight the importance of the Padé approximation as a valuable tool in the design of delay-affected control systems, offering significant advantages for both theoretical and practical applications.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Enhanced Hysteresis Droop Control for Equivalent Load Sharing in Parallel PWM DC-DC Converters: Optimized Slew Rate by Resonant Filtering
Yanarates, Cagfer; Altan, Aytac
In this study, enhanced hysteresis droop control for equivalent and fast load sharing in parallel PWM DC-DC converters is presented. The basis behind the work encompasses power system stability, reliability, efficiency, reduction of losses and decrease in the operational cost. In this context, phase management, which constitutes the biggest problem, and the resulting factors such as ripple cancellation, thermal stress, transient response behavior and complexity, is aimed to manage with the proposed control scheme. Performance evaluation of the proposed system is based on sensitivity analysis against possible disturbance and noise, and comparative analysis with PI controller against uncertainty and parameter variations using mathematical modeling and simulation techniques. The results show that the proposed controller has improved performance in both noise attenuation and disturbance rejection at typical switching frequencies of DC-DC converters ranging from 100 kHz to a few MHz. Additionally, applying the proposed control technique considering 10% parameter variations led to the largest difference being recorded at 4% while this difference was 18.68% in conventional PI control. According to the findings of the simulation, the proposed control scheme reduces the settling time by a factor of 4.89, whereas it takes 775.862 μs seconds with the PI controller. Furthermore, with the suggested controller, the overshoot - which was 36.09% with the PI controller - is reduced to just 1%.
- BildiriYalnız künye2023Current Sources and Actual PV Modules based Photovoltaic (PV) Emulator for Testing MPPT Algorithms and PV Inverters
Zhou, Zhongfu; Wang, Yidong; Yanarates, Cagfer; MacAulay, John
PV array emulator has been widely used for testing PV inverters and their control algorithms such as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms. Various power electronics converter-based PV emulators have been presented in many research papers. This paper presents a PV emulator that is based on indoor solar panels (without solar irradiance) and external current source (dc power supply). The external current source is used to emulate the photo current that is usually generated by solar panel under sunlight. The advantages of the proposed PV emulator are that it can generate similar electrical characteristics of actual PV panel without sunlight, it is suitable for testing PV inverters and MPPT algorithms in indoor conditions where the sunlight is usually very weak. In addition, a PV array emulator that can emulate electrical performance under partial shading conditions was constructed by using two solar panels and two current sources. Test results show that the proposed PV emulator provides a similar performance of real PV array under real sun light. It provides a low-cost solution for testing PV inverters and control algorithms inside a laboratory environment.