Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim202618. Yüzyılda Bir Kaptanıderyanın Servet Profili: Fındıklılı Süleyman Paşa’nın Muhallefatı
Türkal, Merve Karaçay
Bu çalışma, 1741 yılında kaptanıderyalık görevinde iken vefat eden Fındıklılı Süleyman Paşa'nın hayatı ve muhallefat kayıtları üzerinden 18. yüzyıl Osmanlı üst düzey askerî ve idari yöneticilerinin servet yapısını ve müsadere uygulamasının hukuki işleyişini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada, muhallefat kayıtları nitel ve karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemleriyle değerlendirilmiş, elde edilen veriler dönemin kronik ve biyografik kaynaklarıyla karşılaştırılarak yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın temel kaynaklarını Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi'nde muhafaza edilen Süleyman Paşa'ya ait muhallefat defterleri (D.BŞM.MHF.d, 12527 ve 12522) ile müsadere sürecine ilişkin belgeler (AE.SMHD.I. 6/5443 ve 8/543) oluşturmaktadır. Bulgular, Süleyman Paşa'nın servetinin merkez ve taşrada farklı biçimlerde tezahür ettiğini göstermektedir. İstanbul Tersane Yalısı'na ait kayıtlar merkezdeki askerî ve idari nüfuzun maddi yansımalarını ortaya koyarken Sakız'daki kayıtlar müşterek mülkiyet ilişkileri üzerinden servetin mali boyutunu görünür kılmaktadır. Ayrıca müsadere sürecinin, hane içi mülkiyeti ayrıntılı biçimde tasnif eden, üçüncü şahısların haklarını gözeten ve nihai kararı merkezî otoriteye bırakan çok aşamalı bir hukuki tasfiye mekanizması olarak işlediği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma, kaptanıderya muhallefatına ilişkin 17 ve 19. yüzyıllara odaklanan araştırmalardan farklı olarak 18. yüzyıl ortalarına ait özgün bir örnek sunmakta ve bir kaptanıderyanın maddi dünyası ve müsadere sürecinin işleyişine ışık tutmaktadır.
- MakaleAçık Erişim20251845 Tarihli Temettuat Defterine Göre Kütahya Sancağı Gediz Kazası Pazar Köyünün Sosyo-Ekonomik Yapısı
Türkal, Merve Karaçay; Acar, İlknur
Bu çalışma, 1845 tarihli Temettuat Defteri verileri ışığında, Osmanlı taşrasında yer alan Kütahya Sancağı, Gediz Kazası’na bağlı Pazar köyünün sosyo-ekonomik yapısını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Mikro tarihsel bir yaklaşımla yürütülen araştırma, köydeki hane reislerinin meslek gruplarını, üretim faaliyetlerini, gelir kalemlerini ve uygulanan vergilendirme sistemini detaylı biçimde incelemektedir. Tarım, hayvancılık ve zanaatkârlık faaliyetleri ekonomik yapının temel bileşenleri olarak öne çıkarken; bireylerin lakap ve ünvanları üzerinden toplumsal statü ve sosyal rol dağılımları değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca Temettuat defterinde yer alan hane bazlı kayıtlar, grafik ve tablolar aracılığıyla görselleştirilmiş; köydeki üretim çeşitliliği ve gelir kaynakları niteliksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma, benzer özellikler taşıyan Şaphane ve Muhipler köylerine ait Temettuat verileriyle karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiş; bu sayede Pazar köyünün üretim ve gelir yapısı bakımından farklılıklar barındırdığı ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak çalışma Pazar köyü örneği üzerinden, 19. yüzyıl Osmanlı taşrasına ilişkin ekonomik ve toplumsal organizasyonun çözümlenmesine katkı sunmakta ve mikro düzeyde yapılan arşiv temelli araştırmaların tarih yazımındaki önemini bir kez daha vurgulamaktadır.
- MakaleYalnız künye2021The dismissal process of baltaci mehmed pasha and the letters sent to valide gulnus sultan
Türkal, Merve Karaçay
During the Prut War between the Ottoman Empire and Russia, Grand Vizier Baltaci Mehmet\rPasha was appointed as Serdar-i Ekrem in February 1711. The Ottoman army was successful in the\rbattle that started on July 18 and lasted for four days. Russian Tsar Peter I, who could not escape the\rwar, requested peace and Baltaci Mehmed Pasha accepted this offer and the Prut Treaty was signed.\rSultan Ahmed III, was also satisfied regarding the signing of the treaty. However, the failure of Tsar\rPeter I, who saved himself and his soldiers to be perished, to fulfill the terms of the treaty, led to the\rformation of an opposition group in Istanbul against the grand vizier. If the terms of the treaty could\rnot be implemented, Baltaci Mehmed Pasha wrote letters to Valide Gulnus Sultan, who was in the\rpalace, in order to save himself from the likely negative situations. Because the Grand Vizier became\raware of the alliance formed against him before returning to Istanbul, and even he had received\rthreatening letters from Ahmed III. The subject of this study is the evaluation of the letters that Baltaci\rMehmed Pasha wrote to save himself, impeachment process and along with the events within the\rframework of the Prut War.\rThe aim of the study is to contribute to the studies on the political history of the Ottoman Empire\rand the history of Ottoman diplomacy and bureaucracy in the 18th century.\rLetters, which are among the historical documents of the Ottoman Empire, have an important\rplace in the field of Ottoman diplomacy and bureaucracy. The letters in question in this study are\revaluated in the category of private letters.\rThe letters which belongs to Baltaci Mehmed Pasha and registered at State Archives\rPresidency's Ottoman Archives by the number BOA, TS.MA.e / 562 - 2, (TSMA No: 2989/1-2), and\rC..SM.. / 102-5143 translated and evaluated.\rThis article consists of four separate sections; introduction, about Baltaci Mehmed Pasha, the\rdismissal process of Baltaci Mehmed Pasha, and the letters Baltaci Mehmed Pasha wrote to Valide\rGulnus Sultan. Based on the letters, it was tried to determine how Baltaci Mehmed Pasha evaluated\rthe events. Some inferences have been made based on his own observations.\r
- MakaleYalnız künye2019Gümüşhane yöresinde türk kozmolojisinin ve eski türk inancının izleri
Türkal, Merve Karaçay; Palacı, Rıdvan
Bu çalışmada, Merkez Gümüşhane ve ilçelerinde eski Türk inançlarının kültürel bir belirleyici olup olmadığını ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Eski çağlarda, tabiatüstü güçlere hayranlık duyulduğu, Türklerin İslamiyet’le tanışmadan önce Gök Tanrı inancına sahip olduğu ve Türkler üzerinde Şamanizm’in etkisi bilinmektedir. Bu bilgilere dayanarak, Gümüşhane’de geçmişten günümüze gelen eski Türk inanışlarının sürdürülür olup olmadığını araştırmak için nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, Gümüşhane yöresinde nazardan korunma yolları, ateş ve ocak kültleri, ağaç kültü, su pınarları ve nehirler ile ilgili inanışlar ve uygulamaların yanı sıra kargalardan haber bekleme, yerin altındaki öküz ve balık, kapı eşiğine oturanın çarpılacağı veya uğursuzluğa uğrayacağı ile cenaze ve yas törenlerindeki bazı inanışlar ve uygulamalar başlıklar halinde incelenmiştir ve bu gün, Gümüşhane yöresinde yaygın birçok inanışın, gelenek ve göreneğin eski Türk inancı ile bağlantılı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen verilerin, eski Türk halklarının kültürleri ve aile yapıları ile ilgilenen, ayrıca Gümüşhane ilinin kültürel yapısını ve bu çerçevede tarihsel gelişimini araştıran konunun uzmanlarına önemli katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.
- MakaleYalnız künye2019The heritage of Sahin Mustafa Pasha, Governor of Erzurum
Türkal, Merve Karaçay
Legacy books, which have an important place in the socio-economic history of the Ottoman Empire, are the records that contain the securities or non-securities left by the deceased. While these records illuminate the economic and social structure of the historical period, they also enable us to have information about the wealth of the individual to which they belong. We learn about the cultural characteristics of the period and society while having information about the topics such as wealth, status, aestheticism and preferences, social relations of the person belonging to him from the registered goods. In this study, the legacy belongs to Sahin Mustapha Pasha who was appointed as military service in Ottoman Empire as guard in various regions, vizier, deputy district governor and the governor Erzurum province was examined. Transcription of three pages of legacy book, which is registered in the Presidential Ottoman Archive at C.DH./188-9358, was evaluated. The article in question consists of three chapters. Firstly, in general terms, as the historical source, the legacy books and their properties were discussed. The second part contains information about the life of Sahin Mustapha Pasha. The third part consists of the evaluation of the belongings of Şahin Mustafa Pasha's legacy book. In this assessment, Sahin Mustapha Pasha's possessions were examined under separate headings such as Cash Money, Books, Clothes, Weapons, Horse Harnesses and Hunting Equipment, Other Materials, Household Items, Kitchen Materials, Slave and Concubines and Animals, Other Items. During this evaluation, clues on how Sahin Mustapha Pasha lived his life as a political and military person were traced. Considering his wealth, it was observed that in the regions where a military class member vizier was in charge, he showed the magnificence of his reign. It has been found that it has a rich wardrobe, a significant number of household and kitchen utensils which are both high in number and high in quality, their weapons are mostly made of precious metals such as gold and silver, and their slaves, concubines and considerable animals. In conclusion, it became possible to make an assessment of the wealth they possessed and used by the high-ranking state officials in the 17th century Ottoman Empire, based on Sahin Mustapha Pasha's legacy.
- MakaleYalnız künye2017An anonymous work about ottoman-austrıa controversy relatıng to wallachıa and moldavıa ın the fırst part of 18TH century: vakāyiʻ-i eflak
Türkal, Merve Karaçay
Wallachia and Moldavia which also called “memleketeyn” came under the rule of the Ottoman State between the end of 14th century and the early of 15th century. Wallachia and Moldavia which were independent in the region beforehand, came under the rule of the Ottoman government by paying land taxes and became privileged principalities. Ottoman State which didn’t interfere in those religious, political and social structures, put into power the voivodes selected from noble families in the region. Ottoman State began to apoint the executives picked from Romans who live in the Fener district of Istanbul by adopting a new strategy because they occasionally made attemps to seperate from Ottomans and become an ally of some European states. The said administiration system lasted from 1711 to 1821. This article will analyze the manuscript named Vakāyiʻ-i Eflak which its author is not known. It is told Moldavia’s Mihal Bey’s struggle together with Constantine Ypsilantis who was sent from Istanbul to help Moldavia’s Bey against the enemy because Austria and Hungary forces held Wallachia’s Bey captive and tried to capture Moldavia’s Bey in the work. The manuscript is a significant work since it contains an incident which wasn’t told in Ottoman history books and enlighten history of the period During the Ottoman period, Wallachia was located between theCarpathian Mountains and the Danube River in the south of today’sRomania, and the Moldavia was located between the Danube and theBlack Sea.When the Ottoman Empire conquered Hungary in the 16h century(1526), the sovereignty claims of the Hungarians on Wallachia andMoldavia became ineffective, and at the same time, the Ottoman Empireincreased its influence on Wallachia and Moldavia. Throughout the 17thcentury, Wallachia and Moldavia were governed by native dynasties asthe subject of the Ottoman State. However, together with being tied to theOttoman government, they were also in touch with neighbouring princesand kings and helping them.After the treaty of Karlowitz, Poland’s losing its former influenceand the Russians coming up to the borders of the Moldavia and at thesame time the Russians taking a protector role on the OrthodoxChristians, the dynasties of Wallachia and Moldavia leaned the Russians.During the period of the Ahmed III (1703-1730), to rule theWallachia and the Moldavia better, it was decided that the RumGovernors, which would be under the control of the Ottoman Empire,should be appointed to these principalities against the danger of Russiaand Austria in the region. This process, which started in 1711 andcontinued until 1821, was called period of Fenerian Rum Governors.In our study, the events of the year 1617 are mentioned which isaccepted as the beginning years of the Fenerian Rum Governors’ being appointed to Memleketeyn. During the period of Sultan Ahmed III,Constantin İbsilanti in Istanbul was commissioned by the Ottoman Stateas a side to the Moldavia Voivode Mihal Bey. The subject of this textcontains the heroism of the two of them together in the face of Austria.In 1717 (1129), the Austrian forces captured the Temesvar Castle,invaded of Black Wallachia and hold Iskerletoglu Nikola captive with hisfamily and took him to Erdel. Then a number of Austrian soldiers, movingtogether Brasov fortress guards and Hungarian catasters entered theKasin Monastery near Hungarian and Bulgarian border and hurt thepeople living in the area. At the same time, they captured voivode ofWallachia and were tried to capture Bulgarian Voivode Mihal Bey. Whenthey demanded tribute via the letter they wrote to Mihal Bey, Mihal Beyand his deputy, Hatman Constantin, consulted and decided that it wouldbe more appropriate not to respond to the letter. Thereupon, theenemy forces moving together with Captain France who was in charge ofthe Nemce palace, captured Mihal Bey and Hatman Constantin. MihalBey, who had found a chance to get rid of their hands, asked for help bysending news to the Tatars in Bucak. Thereupon, the Austrian forceswere defeated in a battle that began with the aid of a number of Tatartroops.General Tipe, knowing that his power would not be enough tocapture the country of the Moldavia, was demanding tribute from thepeople of the Moldavia. On the other side, with the help of CaptainFrance, he managed to capture the sister of the Moldavia Governor.However, after a short time, this prisoned lady managed to escape fromthe prison that she was held to the brothers’ side. She told her brotherthat everyday a bazaar was built in castle and the variety of goods andthe animals there were supplied by the people of Hungary and Moldavia.As a result of this Moldavia governor acted to punish these people andeliminate the problem. Initially, it was necessary to remove the Austrianand katana soldiers from the Kasin Monastery in the Moldavia lands.Then he sent a message to the people of Tatar and the people of Moldavia,who lives on the other side of the Siret River, asked for help.Moldavia people didn't take care of the letter that came from thegovernor. But the Tatars came with ten thousand soldiers against thedemand of two thousand soldiers. The Moldavia governor who wasdisturbed by such a large number of soldiers, informed them that theycould harm the people of Moldavia, and the Tatar miracles gave writtenassurances that they never had such intentions. On February 13, theMoldavia governor and the Tatar soldiers moved together into the town ofYas. After taking some of the katans that he had captured on the roadand killing some of them, while they were encircling the Kasin Monastery,the Moldavia governor noticed the lack of Tatars. After making a littleresearch he learned that they were also about to plunder the Moldaviacountry and capture whom they took on the roads.In this case, Mihal Bey, who had to remove the siege, requestedhelp