Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Towards Sustainable Environment in OECD Nations: The Moderator Role of Renewable Energy in Uncovering the Hidden Link Between Military Expenditure and Ecological Footprint
Ayaydın, Hasan; Ergün, Tolga; Ergün, Hilal Ok; Barut, Abdulkadir; Pilatin, Abdulmuttalip
This study examines the relationships among military spending, renewable energy (RNW), globalisation, economic growth, and ecological footprint in 35 OECD member countries, using data covering 1990–2022. Specifically, this study contributes to this discussion by presenting empirical evidence on the link between military expenditure and ecological footprint, while accounting for the moderating role of RNW in OECD countries. The analysis utilised Kao, Pedroni, and Westerlund cointegration tests, Driscoll-Kraay robust standard error tests, Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality tests, and FMOLS and DOLS techniques for robustness verification. Empirical results show that military spending in OECD countries increases the ecological footprint, leading to environmental degradation. Furthermore, the combined effect of military expenditure and RNW reduces the ecological footprint and contributes to environmental sustainability. The results contribute to the existing literature by underlining the role RNW plays in reducing the ecological footprint of military expenditures and by offering policy recommendations for environmental sustainability. From a managerial and policy perspective, the findings suggest that defense-related institutions and policymakers should integrate environmental sustainability criteria into military planning and procurement strategies. Increasing the use of renewable energy in military infrastructure, logistics, and defense technologies may significantly reduce the ecological footprint associated with military expenditure. Therefore, the transition toward renewable energy supported defense systems can serve as a strategic tool for aligning national security objectives with sustainable development goals.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025FinTech driven green energy transition foreign direct investment and ecological footprint in BRICST countries
Ayaydin, Hasan; Ergün, Tolga; Barut, Abdulkadir; Erdem, Azad; Pilatin, Abdulmuttalip
The increasing emphasis on climate change and environmental sustainability worldwide has brought about the convergence and increased focus on financial technologies (FinTech) and green energy initiatives. In light of this, the study's objective is to investigate how FinTech moderates the relationship between the ecological footprint (EF) and green energy transition (GTE) in the BRICS-T nations between 1990 and 2021. This study examines how fintech moderated the GTE and EF in the BRICS-T from 1990 to 2021. We applied the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and used Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) as the main estimators for longitudinal analysis. In contrast, Driscoll-Kraay was used to verify the robustness of the results under cross-sectional dependence and heteroskedasticity. The results reveal that FinTech indirectly hinders EF by facilitating GTE. The outcomes also show that FinTech significantly constrains EF, while GDP and industrialization worsen EF. The results also confirm the important role of GTE and foreign direct investment (FDI) in reducing CO2 emissions in BRICS-T countries. Lastly, the paper offers policymakers useful recommendations for lowering EF in light of these outcomes. The study suggests establishing appropriate policies and strategies that encourage FinTech platforms to invest in green energy projects, including financial technology, promoting energy-efficient and low-carbon foreign direct investment, and encouraging GTE.