Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Antibacterial efficacy of pyrolysis-derived plant fractions against resistant pathogens: a comparative evaluation using nutrient and Müller–Hinton agar
Demirel, Maruf Hurşit; Gül, Abdulkadir; Aydoğmuş, Ercan; Özgen, İnanç; Arslanoğlu, Hasan
BACKGROUND: This study investigates the antibacterial potential of pyrolysis-derived extracts from rosehip fruit (RF), orange peel (OP), corn silk (CS), spurge root (ER) and mullein leaf (ML) against antibiotic-resistant pathogens using two different culture media. Bioactive compounds were obtained via a PID-controlled pyrolysis system, and antibacterial activity was evaluated to clarify both extract efficacy and medium-dependent effects on bacterial growth and diffusion. RESULTS: Antibacterial activities were assessed using the agar well diffusion method, with ampicillin as a positive control, against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. A key novelty of this work is the comparative evaluation of extract performance on nutrient agar (NA) and Müller–Hinton agar (MHA). Among all samples, the ML extract exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity across all tested strains, producing inhibition zones of 18.85 mm against E. coli and 17.15 mm against E. faecalis on NA, compared with 13.05 mm and 13.60 mm on MHA, respectively. CS and ER extracts showed moderate antibacterial effects, with consistently higher inhibition zones on NA than on MHA. Ampicillin generated substantially larger inhibition zones on NA (33.35 mm for E. coli and 34.45 mm for P. aeruginosa) compared with MHA (13.80 and 27.70 mm, respectively), confirming the strong influence of culture medium composition on measurable antibacterial activity. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that both plant extracts and ampicillin exhibit higher antibacterial activity on NA than on MHA. The pronounced efficacy of the ML extract highlights pyrolysis-derived plant fractions as promising natural antimicrobials and emphasizes the critical importance of culture medium selection.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Thermochemical Valorization of Silkworm Feeding Waste: Chemical Characterization and Biological Activities of the Pyrolysis-Derived Liquid Fraction
Karan, Halil; Yıldırım, Aybeniz; Yılmaz, Fırat; Özgen, İnanç; Aydoğmuş, Ercan; Gül, Abdulkadir
Silkworm-rearing residues are an underused biomass resource that can be converted into value-added products. In this study, a condensable liquid product (SWP-Liq) was produced from these residues by pyrolysis at 325 ± 5 °C and evaluated for its chemical composition and in vitro biological activities. SWP-Liq yielded phenolic-, flavonoid-, and triterpenoid-equivalent values of 218.47 ± 22.40 mg GAE/g, 79.13 ± 3.55 mg QE/g, and 55.54 ± 6.15 mg EE/g, respectively. The ABTS•+ assay showed a higher radical-scavenging response than DPPH, while Fe3+- and Cu2+-reducing activities were also observed. SWP-Liq inhibited 5-LOX with an IC50 of 33.05 ± 1.10 µg/mL, whereas α-glucosidase inhibition was weaker. Antibacterial activity against all four tested bacterial species was observed at 8 mg/mL but not at 4 mg/mL. Targeted LC–MS/MS quantified five phenolic constituents, with p-coumaric acid (1599.71 µg/g), chlorogenic acid (871.43 µg/g), and ferulic acid (285.50 µg/g) being the most abundant. Overall, these findings support the further investigation of silkworm feeding waste as a feedstock for thermochemical valorization into chemically and biologically evaluable bio-based fractions.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Valorization of pomegranate peel waste through pyrolysis-liquid-assisted ultrasound extraction: antioxidant, antibacterial and targeted phytochemical characterization
Gül, Abdulkadir; Aydoğmuş, Ercan; Özgen, İnanç; Yılmaz, Fırat; Deniz, Sermin; Arslanoğlu, Hasan
Background: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel is a phenolic-rich processing by-product, but its valorization commonly relies on conventional solvents. This study examined an integrated approach in which pomegranate peel pyrolysis liquid (PP-PL) was repurposed as the extraction medium for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of the same biomass. The methodological originality lies specifically in using biomass-derived PP-PL in UAE. Results: PP-PL-assisted extract (PP-E) and an aqueous control extract (AQ-E), prepared from the same peel batch under identical UAE conditions, were compared. The apparent gravimetric recovery of PP-E was 202.5 g kg−1. PP-E showed approximately two-fold higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents than AQ-E. In vitro agar well diffusion screening revealed the largest inhibition zone for PP-E against Staphylococcus aureus at 80 g L−1 (22.65 ± 1.50 mm), whereas AQ-E produced no detectable inhibition zones against the tested strains at the same concentration. PP-E achieved DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS+ (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical-scavenging values of 92.42 ± 0.25% and 97.00 ± 0.17%, respectively, and showed pronounced total antioxidant capacity and iron(III) ion (Fe3+)- and copper(II) ion (Cu2+)-reducing capacities. Targeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) using authentic standards quantified six phenolics, with ellagic acid as the predominant analyte (2015.10 mg kg−1 extract). Conclusion: Integration of pomegranate peel pyrolysis with PP-PL-assisted UAE generated an extract exhibiting in vitro antioxidant properties and antibacterial potential in agar well diffusion screening, providing an alternative route for pomegranate peel valorization. This strategy supports the further development of biomass-derived extraction media for recovering value-added compounds from agro-industrial residues.
- MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2025Determination of antibacterial properties and chemical composition of pyrolysis liquid from feeding wastes of mealworm Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adults and larvae; [ОДРЕЂИВАЊЕ АНТИБАКТЕРИЈСКЕ АКТИВНОСТИ И ХЕМИЈСКОГ САСТАВА ПИРОЛИТИЧКЕ ТЕЧНОСТИ НАСТАЛЕ ИЗ НУТРИТИВНОГ ОТПАДА ОДРАСЛОГ ЦРВА]
Özgen, İNanç; Gül, Abdulkadi̇R; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Öner, İLyas; Aydoğmuş, Ercan
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial properties and phytochemical composition of pyrolysis liquids obtained from the biowaste of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adults and larvae. Biowaste was subjected to pyrolysis at 295±5 °C for 7 h under a nitrogen atmosphere using a laboratory-scale system equipped with a dual condensation unit to separate light and heavy fractions. The biowaste pyrolysis liquid (BPL) were purified and analysed for their chemical content using LC–MS/MS, which identified seven key phenolic compounds, with cinnamic acid being the most abundant (358.05 µg/g), followed by salicylic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and naringenin. Notably, the most of flavonoid derivatives were either absent or below detection limits, indicating the extract’s phenolic acid-dominated profile. The antibacterial activity of BPL was assessed against two gram-negative (E. coli ATCC-25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC-27853) and two gram-positive (E. faecalis ATCC-23212, S. aureus ATCC-25923) bacterial strains using the agar well diffusion method. The results demonstrated significant antibacterial effects, particularly against S. aureus (29.5±0.3 mm) and P. aeruginosa (23.5±0.2 mm), followed by E. coli (21.7±0.1 mm). These findings highlight the potential of insect-derived pyrolysis liquids as natural antibacterial agents, driven largely by their phenolic acid content. This study underscores the value of biowaste valorisation for developing bioactive compounds with potential applications in antimicrobial therapies.