Improving the hydrothermal reduced graphene oxide supercapacitor with heat-moisture-treated potato starch as binder

Alternative binders that can be processed in water are still in the early stages of development for more efficient and sustainable supercapacitors. However, their electrochemical performance is still below average. This study uses heat-moisture-treated starch (starch HMT) as a binder for reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supercapacitors. Starch HMT has been fabricated at 120 °C. The XRD diffractogram exhibits peaks at 2θ angles of 15°, 17°, 22°, and 24°. The 2θ values indicate that potato starch is of type B. FTIR spectra show the formation of OH, C–O–C, C-O, C–O–C, and C-H bonds. SEM images show cracks in the morphology. Electrochemical testing shows a specific capacity of 230 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. The charge–discharge stability of the electrodes at 5000 cycles is 90%. These results offer a framework for developing electrode materials and binders for supercapacitors.