Khan, Alam

This article deals with a brief study of the history of the emergence of mukhtalifu'l-hadith science and its literature, as it is one of the most important types of hadith science that fuqaha`a and muhadithun need it in the deducing of the primary and secondary provisions and the explaining of the Prophetic hadiths. It includes a detailed comparative study between the approach of Hafiz bn. Hajar al-Asqalani al-Shafi`i (d. 852/1449), and Badru'd-Din al-`Ayni al-Hanafi (d. 855/1451) in the interpretation of mukhtalifu'l-hadith through Fathu'l-Bari and `Umdatu'l-Qari. it was clarified that each of them was exposed to the study of seemingly contradictory texts in the folds of the explanation of the hadiths of al-Bukhari and expanded on it and excelled in it. In addition, a glance has been shed in this article on the differences of muhadithun and fuqaha`a among the Hanafis scholars in arranging the ways of pairing in the interpretation of mukhtalifu'l-hadith in general, and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani and Badru'd-Din al-`Ayni in particular. It has been proven from the application of examples from Fathu'l-Bari and `Umdatu'l-Qari that Ibn Hajar does not expand on abrogation if it is possible to combine it, unlike Badru'd-Din al-`Ayni.

Khan, Alam

This article deals with the role of ‘Ăisha in the science of hadīth. She was the younger wife of the Prophet and accompanied him for a long time. She has been distinguished with the sharp memory among Prophet’s companions, that preserved every tiny detail of his life and got a prominent position among the muksirūn al-hadīth. She played a pivotal role in the transmission of hadīth, hence, she was the primary source of referring to the Prophet’s companions and their successors. It is concluded from a thorough review of her narrations that her hadīths were contained those pieces of information which rarely found in the narrations of other transmitters. She was not a transmitter solely, but she was also a great mufassira, muhaddītha, and faqīha of her time. The companions were visiting her for the investigation and attestation of a hadīth, the exegesis of a Quranic verse, and the explanation of an Islamic provision. Moreover, she criticised with a scientific method, the narrations of fellow Prophet’s companions that they attributed to the Prophet. A detailed study of her critique showed that whenever she was informed by a narration and asked for attestation she was presenting it to the Holy Qurān, the authentic hadīth, the proven history, and qiyās al-‘Aqlī. If there was any conflict among the transmitted hadīth with these sources, she was showing her concern about it and questioning the understanding or the memory of the narrator, which are discussed with explanatory examples in this study.

Khan, Alam

This study focuses on the subject of al-mutawātir in G. H. A. Juynboll’s works. He questioned the authenticity of the al-mutawātir term as well as the applied examples of al-mutawātir al-lafzī and al-manawī. It is revealed from a keen follow-up of Juynboll’s claims that his conclusion based on the argumentum e silentio, which is proved feeble because we could not access all written sources of the early ages. Besides, it is concluded that Juynboll did not distinguish among the methodology of muhaddithūn and fuqahā’a in the use of the term al-mutawātir. Furthermore, it is proved from the analysis of Juynboll claims about al-mutawātir al-lafzī and al-manawī that Juynboll neglected the historical facts and the early sources of hadīth like al-‘Jāmi of Ibn Wahab and Mamar b. Rāshid. Likewise, it is concluded from a detailed study of Juynboll’s claims that he did not follow one method in the study of isnāds. Consequently, he called some isnāds Iraqis and Syrians that having one narrator from the mentioned regions.

Khan, Alam; Kuzudisli, Ali

According to the traditionalist Muslim scholars, the history of the denial ofhadīth in the Subcontinent goes back to the 19th century, and they considered SirSyed Ahmad Khan was the first one who challenged the provenance andauthorship of ahādīth. It is a renowned fact that Sir Syed was highly inspired bywestern research about Islam and its primary sources. Hence, he followed thewestern approach to the Prophetic ahādīth in his works and put in question thecodification and the authenticity of hadith. Mulawī Chiragh Ali and his fellowscholars developed and supported his theories with new arguments that laterreached to the denial of hadīth. At that time, the traditionalist Muslim scholarsof the Subcontinent paid attention to this new-born temptation and counteredthe theories of the deniers of hadīth. Syed Mawdūdī was one of them thatadvocated the Prophetic ahādīth through his research journal Tarjamānu'l-Qurān.However, his unique methodology in criticism distinguished him from hiscontemporaneous scholars. Therefore, this study deals with his research andcritical approach to the theories of the deniers of hadīth.

Khan, Alam

Cavit Ahmet Ğâmidî, Farāhī-Islāhī Fikrî Medresesi’nde önde gelen alimlerdendir. Onun İslam’a karşın alışılmadık yaklaşımı nedeniyle, eserleri Pakistan-Hindistan Altkıtası’nın çağdaş eğitimcileri arasında takdir görmüştür. Onun çalışması yüzeysel bir şekilde incelendiğinde, kendi teorilerini Klasik İslami kaynaklardan istifade ederek sunduğu ancak Modern Avrupa İlmi Çalışmaları’ndan faydalanmadığı görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, onun çalışması derin ve karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde incelendiğinde, Kur’an-ı Kerim’deki kıraat farklılıkları, temel dini kaynaklar, Peygamber hadisinin ayrımı, önemli hadis ravilerinin tenkiti gibi hususlarda Oryantalistlerin metodolojisiyle çalıştığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Ğâmidî’nin teorileri, teorilerinin kökenleri, bu teorilerin kim tarafından tanıtıldığı ve bunların Ğâmidî tarafından nasıl geliştirildiği gibi konulara dair bazı örnekleri içermektedir.

Alam Khan

Hadith is the secondary source of Islamic law. Therefore, there are many studies about hadith in Islamic literature. Hadith has drawn the attention of the Western researchers and scholars and they have produced important studies in this discipline. Ignaz Goldziher and Joseph Schacht are the foundation pillars of modern hadith and critical studies in orientalism and both are considered as the authority in hadith criticism. They raised questions on the authenticity of hadith as a source of Islamic Jurisprudence and Islamic History, they introduced different theories encompassing Isnad and Matan clusters of hadith, which paved the way to skepticism about hadith in the Western world. Dr. G.H.A Juynboll was the prominent orientalist, who developed the theories of early Western scholars and supported them with a tangible and rich number of evidence from Islamic literature. In the present era, his works have become the main source of research in the fields of Hadith and Orientalism. The purpose of the study was to focus on Juynboll's theories related to hadith literature; these theories have been compiled in two chapters. The first chapter contains those theories which are related to Isnad of hadith and hadith criticism in Juynboll's works such as, the beginning of Isnad and hadith criticism, Common Name and Namesakes. while the second one covers Juynboll's theories about Matan of hadith like, Qussas and their role in the fabrication of hadith, hadith mutavâtir, evâil and the elucidation and history of word Fitna in the tradition of Ibn Sîrîn. The importance of the study lies in the assessment of Juynboll's theories in the light of his cited sources from Islamic literature, it follows the critical approach whereby the related theories discussed and analysed.