Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/16826
  Kalimaki Bey in Ottoman Foreign Affairs: His Career and the Role in the 1849 Hungarian Refugee Crisis

  Yilmaz, Banu; Erdogan, Serkan

  This study examines the transformation of the Ottoman Empire's foreign policy during the Tanzimat period and the construction of the empire's image in Europe through the life and diplomatic activities of Alexandros Kalimaki Bey, a prominent diplomat. The main objective of this article is to analyze the career of Kalimaki, who was of Romanian origin and from a Greek family in Phanar, and who stands out as the first non-Muslim subject of the Ottoman Empire to serve as a permanent ambassador to Europe, particularly his crisis management during the Hungarian Refugee Crisis, within its historical context. The research proceeds with a chronological and qualitative method based on primary archival documents of the Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Kalimaki's diplomatic reports sent from London and Paris. Data obtained from archival documents have been evaluated within their historical context by considering them alongside studies in the literature. Through this method, the transformation and crisis management processes in Ottoman foreign policy have been qualitatively assessed through the diplomatic correspondence and reports of the period. Within this framework, the study also aims to highlight the interaction between Kalimaki Bey's personal diplomatic capacity and the new diplomatic approach adopted by the Ottoman State after the Tanzimat reforms.

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• Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2018/r/gumushane/18427
  Özel Girişimciliğin Başarısı Olarak Uşak Şeker Fabrikası

  Damlıbağ, Fatih

  Nuri Şeker Uşak Şeker Fabrikasını 1926’da kurdu. Pancardan Türk şekerini üretmeyi hedeflemişti. Böylece Türk halkının bu ihtiyacını kolayca sağlamak istemişti. Kendisi ayrıca fakir köylülere düzenli bir gelir kaynağı sağlamayı planlamıştı. Bir şirket kurdu ve fabrika için sermaye toplamaya başladı. Çekoslovak Skoda firması fabrikaya teknoloji sağladı. Açılıştan sonra, Uşak Şeker Fabrikası su sağlama ve zirai haşere sorunlarıyla karşılaştı. Nuri Şeker ayrıca yeni şeker pancarı ziraatını köylülere öğretmek zorundaydı. Bütün zorluklara karşı, fabrika çalışmaya başladı ve şeker üretimi sürekli artmaktaydı. Fakat Nuri Şeker finansal zorluklarla karşılaştı. Çünkü şeker üretimindeki tecrübe yılları fabrikanın borçlarını arttırdı. Bu borçların sonucunda, hükümet fabrikanın şirketini tasfiye etmeye karar verdi. Kamulaştırma 6 Ağustos 1931’de gerçekleştirildi. Tasfiye sürecinde halk hissedarlarının hakları ana tartışma noktası oldu. Sonunda, hükümet halk hissedarlarının hisselerinin tam karşılığını ödemeye karar verdi. Neticede, özel girişimcilerin bağlantıları Uşak Şeker Fabrikasından tamamen kopartıldı.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2018/r/gumushane/16647
  USAK SUGAR FACTORY AS A SUCCESS OF PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP

  Damlibag, Fatih

  Nuri Seker founded Usak Sugar Factory in 1926. He targeted to produce Turkish sugar from beet. Thus, he wanted to easily ensure this need of Turkish people. He also planned to provide a regular source of income to poor peasants. He established a company and began to collect capital for the factory. Czechoslovak Skoda firm provide technology to the factory. After inauguration, Usak Sugar Factory met water supply and agricultural pest problem. Nuri Seker also had to teach newly sugar beet cultivation to peasants. In contrary to all difficulties, factory started its operations and sugar production was steadily increased. But Nuri Seker faced with financial difficulties, because experience years in sugar production increased factory's debts. As a result of these debts, government decided to liquidate the factory's company. Nationalization was practiced on 6 August 1931. During the liquidation process, rights of public partners became main argument point. Later, government decided to pay face values of public partners' shares. Eventually, links of private entrepreneurs were totally severed from Usak Sugar Factory.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2016/r/gumushane/16601
  Saccharin as Substitute Goods in Ottoman State

  Damlibag, Fatih

  Constantin Fahlberg invented saccharin during the end of 1870's. Saccharin was a product that it has strong sweetening power. Potential to sugar substitute and support of German government were provided to enlarge its market rapidly. But due to its chemical origin, some medical concerns were shown towards this product. Some doctors thought that usage of saccharin caused health problems. Due to these medical concerns, many European governments banned or restricted the entrance of this product to their countries. Fahlberg thought that his product did not deserve these critiques. According to him, critiques were originated from shaken interests of sugar industry. Near to 1900's, saccharin also entered Ottoman market. Similarly, it was also criticized by Ottoman doctors. In front of this situation, approach of Ottoman State towards saccharin happened within three stages. In the first stage, Ottoman officials did not foresee a risky situation for the usage of saccharin as a substitute for sugar. Because saccharin is a chemical drug for diabetes disease and sugar prices were very convenient. As to second stage, critiques to saccharin were taken into account. High sugar prices of this period were caused some probable risks of food fraud according to officials. Additionally, medical studies of the period provided more information about probable risks of saccharin. As a result of this situation, Ottoman State applied quantitative restrictions in saccharin import. In addition, the product could be only brought by pharmacists. Third period of saccharin in Ottoman State happened within compelling conditions of World War I. After extreme increases in sugar prices; there was an excessive demand for illegal usage of saccharin, because sugar almost disappeared from market. In front of this situation, official permission was given to saccharin usage with some restrictions.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2014/r/gumushane/16723
  The Licese Mine and Activities of Asia Minor Mining Company in the Licese

  Saylan, Kemal

  The Ottoman Empire, gave importance managing and running mines in its own territories from its foundation period. The Empire which took advantage of experience of the conquered regions improved mining industry to the competitive level with Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. But the Empire was not able to keep pace with developments since 18th century and fell behind with the industry. It consequently took some steps to stimulate the sector. So that, many native's businessmen of Muslim and non-Muslim aspired that to mines in Licese, but they could not manage a stable. In this period, European companies applied for the Licese mine in the sanjak of Karahisar-i Sarki, as well as the other mines in Anatolia. The most important of these companies is British Asia Minor Mining Company. After Asia Minor Mining Company had purchased the mine in Licese, economy of region revived. Activities of company have changed patterns of work in the region. The inhabitants who previously engaged in farming began to receive a sallary as provision of effort. However, the activities of company in the region caused to security and political problems. In this work, we deal with the status the mines in Licese and the economic, social and political effects of the mining activities of Asia Minor Mining Company in the region.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2013/r/gumushane/16613
  Source Value of Foreign Travel Books in Terms of Ottoman City Histories

  Yilmaz, Ozgur

  During the writing an Ottoman city history, travelogues have an important place among other sources that could be consulted. These books, their authors whether local or foreign, contain valuable information worth checking out carefully in many ways. Though different discussion on travel books about their value of historical source exists, they reflect lively description of time and place, cultural structure of the period and make us possible to look at history from a different aspect. In this context, travelogues, as a source of Ottoman city histories, gained more importance in terms of Ottoman historiography. This paper aims to make, after a general review of the studies on travel accounts in Turkey, a few observations in terms of source value of travel books in city historiography.

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• DerlemeYalnız künye2013/r/gumushane/16541
  Near Eastern influences in Greek culture

  Akrep, Mehmet Yunus

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• MakaleYalnız künye2013/r/gumushane/19177
  Osmanlı Şehir tarihleri açısından yabancı Seyahatnamelerin kaynak değeri,

  Yilmaz, Ozgur

  Osmanlı şehir tarihi yazımı sırasında başvurulabilecek kaynaklardan biri de seyahatnamelerdir. Bu eserler yazarları ister yerli ister yabancı olsun pek çok bakımdan dikkatle incelenmeye değer bilgiler ihtiva etmektedirler. Seyahatnameler her ne kadar tarihi bir kaynak olarak kabul edilme konusunda tartışma götürmeye devam etse de zamanın ve mekânın canlı bir tasviri olmaları, yazıldıkları dönemin kültürel yapısını yansıtmaları ve bize tarihe farklı bir açıdan bakma imkânı vermeleri nedeniyle her zaman dikkat çekmektedirler. Bu bağlamda Osmanlı şehir tarihlerinin bir kaynağı olarak seyahatnamelerin Osmanlı tarihçiliği açısından daha da önem kazandıkları görülmektedir. Bu yazı Türkiye’de seyahatnameler hakkında yapılan çalışmalar üzerinde genel bir değerlendirmeden sonra seyahatnamelerin şehir tarihleri açısından kaynak değerleri konusunda bazı tespitlerde bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

  İncele
• DerlemeYalnız künye2013/r/gumushane/19176
  Walter Burkert, Yunan Kültüründe Yakındoğu Etkileri, 172 sayfa, İthaki Yayınevi, Çeviren: Mehmet Fatih Yavuz, İstanbul, Eylül 2012, Birinci Baskı, ISBN: 978-605-375-232-5.

  Akrep, Mehmet Yunus

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