Effect of nano materials additives on fuel properties and combustion characteristics

This study compiled the results of various researches performed on using nanomaterials additives in diesel engine fuels such as diesel, biodiesel, water emulsified fuels and various fuel blends. Three different techniques are used the reduction of the harmful exhaust emissions of the diesel engine. The first technique for the reduction of harmful emissions is improved the combustion by modification of engine design and fuel injection system, but this process is expensive and time consuming. The second technique is the using various exhaust gas devices like catalytic converter and diesel particulate filter. However, the use of these devices affects negatively diesel engine performance. The other technique to reduce emissions and also improve diesel engine performance is the use of various fuel additives. The major pollutants of diesel engine are oxide of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). It is very difficult to reduce NOx and PM simultaneously in practice. The most researches declare that the best way to reduce the emissions and increase the engine performance is the use of nano material additives and water emulsified fuels. The effects on fuel properties and combustion characteristics of different nano material additives in various diesel engine fuels are investigated in this review.