Selective extraction of rare earth elements from end-of-life NdFeB magnets via low-temperature NH4Cl-based chlorination roasting and water leaching

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  • SDG 12 · Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim

Özet

Neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets are critical components in the transition to a low-carbon energy economy due to their superior magnetic properties. They have significantly higher rare earth element (REE) content (25-35%) compared to natural resources (0.15-2%), making end-of-life NdFeB magnets a valuable secondary REE source. In this study, the selective recovery of REEs from end-of-life NdFeB magnets was investigated using water leaching following chlorination roasting with NH4Cl. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the effect of NH4Cl on the NdFeB magnet ratio, roasting temperatures, and roasting duration. Under optimal conditions (300 degrees C, 3 h, NH4Cl at twice the stoichiometric requirement), the roasted products were subjected to water leaching (500 rpm, 90 degrees C, liquid - solid ratio of 20 mL/g, 1 h). resulting in over 95% REE dissolution. Rare earth oxalates were precipitated from the pregnant leach solution with 90% efficiency using 1.5 times the stoichiometric requirement of oxalic acid. Subsequent calcination at 850 degrees C for 2 h yielded rare earth oxides with 99.8% REE purity. Moreover, the dissolution of iron was effectively suppressed through a simple two-stage Fe(OH)3 precipitation step, providing a more economical and selective recovery route. Les aimants de n & eacute;odyme-fer-bore (NdFeB) sont des composants critiques de la transition vers une & eacute;conomie & eacute;nerg & eacute;tique & agrave; faible carbone gr & acirc;ce & agrave; leurs propri & eacute;t & eacute;s magn & eacute;tiques sup & eacute;rieures. Ils ont une teneur en & eacute;l & eacute;ments de terres rares (ETR) sup & eacute;rieures (25-35%) aux ressources naturelles (0.15-2%), ce qui rend les aimants de NdFeB en fin de vie une source secondaire pr & eacute;cieuse d'ETR. Dans cette & eacute;tude, on a examin & eacute; la r & eacute;cup & eacute;ration s & eacute;lective des ETR des aimants de NdFeB en fin de vie par lixiviation aqueuse apr & egrave;s grillage chlorurant avec du NH4Cl. On a effectu & eacute; une s & eacute;rie d'exp & eacute;riences pour & eacute;valuer l'effet du rapport NH4Cl/aimant de NdFeB, des temp & eacute;ratures et de la dur & eacute;e de grillage. Dans des conditions optimales (300 degrees C, 3 h et une concentration de NH4Cl deux fois sup & eacute;rieure & agrave; la st oe chiom & eacute;trie requise), on a soumis les produits grill & eacute;s & agrave; une lixiviation aqueuse (500 tr/min, 90 degrees C, rapport liquide/solide de 20 mL/g, 1 h) conduisant & agrave; une dissolution de plus de 95% des ETR. On a pr & eacute;cipit & eacute; les oxalates de terres rares & agrave; partir de la solution de lixiviation enrichie avec une efficacit & eacute; de 90% en utilisant 1.5 fois la quantit & eacute; st oe chiom & eacute;trique requise d'acide oxalique. Une calcination ult & eacute;rieure & agrave; 850 degrees C pendant 2 h a produit des oxydes de terres rares d'une puret & eacute; de 99.8%. De plus, la dissolution du fer & eacute;tait efficacement supprim & eacute;e par une simple & eacute;tape de pr & eacute;cipitation de Fe(OH)3 en deux phases, offrant une voie de r & eacute;cup & eacute;ration plus & eacute;conomique et plus s & eacute;lective.

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AlanDeğerDil
dc.contributor.authorKumas, Cavit
dc.contributor.authorPrasetia, Hendra
dc.contributor.authorSumardi, Slamet
dc.contributor.authorAstuti, Widi
dc.contributor.authorMufakhir, Fika Rofiek
dc.contributor.authorDaulay, Amru
dc.contributor.authorWicaksono, Mahruri Arif
dc.date.accessioned2026-10-22T10:29:13.598161497Z
dc.date.available2026-10-22T10:29:13.598161497Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractNeodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets are critical components in the transition to a low-carbon energy economy due to their superior magnetic properties. They have significantly higher rare earth element (REE) content (25-35%) compared to natural resources (0.15-2%), making end-of-life NdFeB magnets a valuable secondary REE source. In this study, the selective recovery of REEs from end-of-life NdFeB magnets was investigated using water leaching following chlorination roasting with NH4Cl. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the effect of NH4Cl on the NdFeB magnet ratio, roasting temperatures, and roasting duration. Under optimal conditions (300 degrees C, 3 h, NH4Cl at twice the stoichiometric requirement), the roasted products were subjected to water leaching (500 rpm, 90 degrees C, liquid - solid ratio of 20 mL/g, 1 h). resulting in over 95% REE dissolution. Rare earth oxalates were precipitated from the pregnant leach solution with 90% efficiency using 1.5 times the stoichiometric requirement of oxalic acid. Subsequent calcination at 850 degrees C for 2 h yielded rare earth oxides with 99.8% REE purity. Moreover, the dissolution of iron was effectively suppressed through a simple two-stage Fe(OH)3 precipitation step, providing a more economical and selective recovery route. Les aimants de n & eacute;odyme-fer-bore (NdFeB) sont des composants critiques de la transition vers une & eacute;conomie & eacute;nerg & eacute;tique & agrave; faible carbone gr & acirc;ce & agrave; leurs propri & eacute;t & eacute;s magn & eacute;tiques sup & eacute;rieures. Ils ont une teneur en & eacute;l & eacute;ments de terres rares (ETR) sup & eacute;rieures (25-35%) aux ressources naturelles (0.15-2%), ce qui rend les aimants de NdFeB en fin de vie une source secondaire pr & eacute;cieuse d'ETR. Dans cette & eacute;tude, on a examin & eacute; la r & eacute;cup & eacute;ration s & eacute;lective des ETR des aimants de NdFeB en fin de vie par lixiviation aqueuse apr & egrave;s grillage chlorurant avec du NH4Cl. On a effectu & eacute; une s & eacute;rie d'exp & eacute;riences pour & eacute;valuer l'effet du rapport NH4Cl/aimant de NdFeB, des temp & eacute;ratures et de la dur & eacute;e de grillage. Dans des conditions optimales (300 degrees C, 3 h et une concentration de NH4Cl deux fois sup & eacute;rieure & agrave; la st oe chiom & eacute;trie requise), on a soumis les produits grill & eacute;s & agrave; une lixiviation aqueuse (500 tr/min, 90 degrees C, rapport liquide/solide de 20 mL/g, 1 h) conduisant & agrave; une dissolution de plus de 95% des ETR. On a pr & eacute;cipit & eacute; les oxalates de terres rares & agrave; partir de la solution de lixiviation enrichie avec une efficacit & eacute; de 90% en utilisant 1.5 fois la quantit & eacute; st oe chiom & eacute;trique requise d'acide oxalique. Une calcination ult & eacute;rieure & agrave; 850 degrees C pendant 2 h a produit des oxydes de terres rares d'une puret & eacute; de 99.8%. De plus, la dissolution du fer & eacute;tait efficacement supprim & eacute;e par une simple & eacute;tape de pr & eacute;cipitation de Fe(OH)3 en deux phases, offrant une voie de r & eacute;cup & eacute;ration plus & eacute;conomique et plus s & eacute;lective.
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia
dc.description.sponsorshipRIIM
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/00084433.2026.2643556
dc.identifier.eissn1879-1395
dc.identifier.issn0008-4433
dc.identifier.urihttps://rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/r/gumushane/16329
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001718988700001
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherTAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
dc.relation.ispartofCANADIAN METALLURGICAL QUARTERLY
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subjectEnd-of-life NdFeB magnet
dc.subjectchlorination roasting
dc.subjectREEs recovery
dc.subjectoxalate precipitation
dc.subjectrecycling
dc.subjectthermodynamics
dc.subjectreaction mechanism
dc.subjectrare earth oxides
dc.subject.classificationMetallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
dc.subject.otherNEODYMIUM RECOVERY
dc.subject.otherSCRAP
dc.subject.otherMETALS
dc.titleSelective extraction of rare earth elements from end-of-life NdFeB magnets via low-temperature NH4Cl-based chlorination roasting and water leaching
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
rdl.citation.openalex0
rdl.citation.wos0
rdl.oa.statusclosed
rdl.publication.statusearlyAccess
rdl.sdgSDG12
rdl.source.indexWOS
rdl.wos.indexScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)