Very fast Kolmogorov-Arnold network for landslide susceptibility prediction

Landslides represent critical geological events causing loss of life and property. Prediction of landslide susceptibility is essential for risk reduction and decision-making. XGBoost, LightGBM, NGBoost, CatBoost, MLP, and FastKAN were used to predict landslide susceptibility in Gümüşhane, Türkiye, a region with complex topographic and geological structures. 20 factors were used: 9 topographical, 3 hydrological, 4 climatic, 2 geological, and 2 environmental and infrastructure-related factors. Model performance was assessed using Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F-Score, with SHAP analysis showing feature contributions. A multicollinearity analysis was used to determine the final feature set. Topographical variables (Aspect, Slope) showed lower impacts, while geological and environmental factors (Lithology, Distance to Fault) demonstrated moderate influence across models. For FastKAN, DEM, precipitation, and distance to fault were key factors, while for boosting methods, GHI, Tmax, and DEM were most significant. FastKAN achieved the highest performance under the internal pixel-wise evaluation scheme, with an accuracy of 96.54%, followed by XGBoost at 95.56%. McNemar’s statistical test showed no significant difference between NGBoost and MLP. Post-inventory landslide events observed in 2025 and 2026 were spatially consistent with high and very high susceptibility zones, providing a qualitative consistency check rather than rigorous independent quantitative validation.