Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

• 10
• 6
• 3
• 1

• Proje2024/r/gumushane/20106
  Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarından Elektrik Üretiminde Kullanılan Evirici Ve Çevirici Sistemler Için Düşük Maliyetli, Izoleli, Yüksek Parazit Bağışıklığı Olan Gerilim Sensörü Tasarımı Ve Prototip Üretimi

  Cakmak, Recep; Hükümen, Burhan

  Güneş enerjisinden elektrik üretiminde yaygın olarak kullanılan fotovoltaik (FV) paneller de foton enerjisini doğru akım (DA) formundaki elektriğe dönüştürmektedir. Bu sistemlerin alternatif akıma göre tasarlanan elektrik şebekemizde kullanılabilmeleri için evirici ve çevirici gibi hassas kontrol gerektiren güç elektroniği devrelerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu evirici ve çeviricilerde akım ve gerilim sensörleri kontrol devrelerinde geri besleme bilgisi sağlamak amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Ancak kontrol sistemlerinin kararlı ve doğru kontrol sinyali üretmeleri, geri besleme sinyallerinin de doğruluğuna bağlıdır. Dolayısıyla güç sistemlerinde yüksek doğrulukla çalışan ve gürültü bağışıklığı olan izoleli akım ve gerilim sensörlerinin kullanılması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu projede geliştirilmiş elektromanyetik girişim (EMI) ve ısı bağışıklığına sahip, düşük maliyetli, izole edilmiş ve tam diferansiyel bir gerilim sensörü tasarlanarak prototipi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elektromanyetik girişimlere karşı yüksek bağışıklık sağlamak amacıyla sensörde kapasitif olarak izole edilmiş delta sigma modülatörü kullanılmıştır. Eviricilerde ve DA/DA dönüştürücülerde kullanılmak üzere iki farklı sensör devresi tasarlanarak prototipleri üretilmiştir. Eviriciler için üretilen sensörün bant genişliği 2 kHz, çeviriciler için üretilen sensörün bant genişliği ise 45kHz olarak belirlenmiştir. Önerilen gerilim sensörü, yüksek gerilim yalıtımı için manyetik bağlantı tekniği kullanan izole edilmiş gerilim dönüştürücülerin aşırı maliyetli olmasına bir alternatif olacak şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, önerilen gerilim sensöründe kullanılan kapasitif olarak izole edilmiş delta-sigma modülatörleri, düşük maliyete sahip olmasının yanı sıra çok yüksek doğuştan EMI bağışıklığıyla çok daha büyük bant genişliği sağlamıştır. Gerilim sensörünün yeteneklerini doğrulamak için benzetim ortamında ve gerçekleştirilmiş prototip kullanılarak deneyler yapılmıştır. Öte yandan, yüksek frekanslı bileşenler için düşük empedanslı yol gibi elektronik bileşenlerin ideal olmayan özelliklerinden kaynaklanan zorluklar, geliştirilmiş baskılı devre kartı tasarım teknikleri kullanılarak dikkate alınmış ve çözülmüştür. Deneyler, sensörün aşırı ısı ve elektromanyetik gürültü gibi zorlu koşullar altında dahi maksimum %0.01 doğrusallık hatasıyla çalıştığını göstermiştir. Ek olarak deneyler, önerilen sensörün 1 dakikalık bir süre boyunca 2,5 kV izolasyon gerilimine dayanabildiğini doğrulamıştır.

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/12681
  Design and implementation of a real-time demonstration setup for dynamic highway tunnel lighting control research studies

  Çakmak, Recep; Dündar, Ayhan

  This study presents the design and implementation of a computer-based real-time demonstration setup for dynamic highway tunnel lighting control research studies. The energy-efficient and controllable lighting systems stand out worldwide because of energy efficiency objectives and carbon footprint reduction goals of the countries. An LED (Light Emitting Diode) armature-based highway lighting systems are frequently utilized in recent years due to lighting efficiency, energy efficiency, long life, environmentally and cost-friendly structure of the LEDs as well as zero ultraviolet emissions of them. In this study, the LED-based dynamic tunnel lighting control approach has been implemented through the proposed demonstration setup which is a typical real-time software-controlled hardware. The parts of the proposed demonstration setup have been introduced and detailed to help with some upgrade studies in the future. The demonstration setup has been tested in some case studies, then the obtained results have been discussed and introduced. In the future, the proposed system can be upgraded and utilized for advanced control studies thanks to its computer-based and simulation environment connection capability.

  İncele
• Proje2022/r/gumushane/17149
  Elektrikli Araç Şarj İstasyonunun Şebeke Ile Entegrasyonu Için Adaptif Eşik Değer Yaklaşımlı Dalgacık Dönüşümü-Tabanlı Gerçek Zamanlı Güç Kalitesi Tespit Yönteminin Geliştirilmesi

  Cakmak, Recep; Bayrak, Associate Professor Gökay; Yilmaz, Alper; Öner, Samet

  Bu projede, dağıtık generatörler tarafından beslenen elektrikli araç şarj istasyonlarında güç kalitesi olaylarını (GKO) tespit etmek ve sınıflandırmak için örnek indirgenmemiş dalgacık dönüşümü (ÖİDD) ve bulanık karar verici (BKV) kullanan hibrit bir yöntem sunulmaktadır. Önerilen adaptif ÖİDD-BKV, gürültü içeren sinyallerde eşik değer-tabanlı sinyal analiz yöntemlerinin performans eksikliği giderilmiştir. Ayrıca, önerilen yöntem şebeke sinyali gibi gürültü içeren sinyallerde gürültü bastırımı için uygulanan filtreleme işlemine olan ihtiyacı ortadan kaldırmıştır. Bu adaptif yaklaşım ile eşik değer yöntemlerinde sınır koşullarında tespit hataları önlenirken aynı zamanda gerilim sinyalinin detay katsayılarında sadece tepe değerleri kullanılarak maliyet ve hesaplama yükü en aza indirilmiştir. Gürültüsüz koşullarda önerilen yöntem için ortalama test doğruluğu %96,13'tür. Ayrıca ÖİDD-BKV, sinyal gürültü oranı (SGO) değeri 20-40 dB olan yüksek seviyeli gürültü koşullarda ortalama %94,96 sınıflandırma doğruluğuna sahiptir. ÖİDD-BKV yönteminin etkinliği bir deney düzeneği kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Deneysel veriler için ortalama test doğruluğu ise %96,66'dır.

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2022/r/gumushane/17029
  Electric Vehicle Charging Station Infrastructure on the Basis of Provinces in Turkey: Analysis through the Metrics

  Cakmak, Recep; Turan, Abdullah

  The fact that fossil fuels are exhaustible and harmful to the environment, the goals of constituting a sustainable and cleaner environment, and developments in battery technologies have led to a tendency towards electric vehicles instead of the vehicles which have traditional internal combustion engines working with fossil fuels. Especially in the last five years, electric vehicle (EV) sales have increased, and this increase is expected to continue increasing in the coming years. The increasing number of electric vehicles leads to the need for EV charging stations. To make strategic plans, to guide investors and to provide the appropriate infrastructure for the electric vehicle customers, the infrastructure of electric vehicle charging stations in each region needs to be analyzed in detail. In this study, the quantitative situation of the electric vehicle charging station infrastructure on the basis of provinces in Turkey as of the end of 2020 is discussed and two new metrics which use to evaluate EV charging station infrastructure are proposed. In this context, the EV charging station status is presented with tables and infographic maps through the metrics in the literature used in the evaluation of the EV charging station infrastructure and the metrics proposed in this study. 81 provinces of Turkey are compared and presented in terms of EV charging station infrastructure through the metrics. It is foreseen that the obtained and presented findings in this study will be beneficial to electric vehicle customers, electric vehicle charging station investors, the government and other public institutions that could be developed the strategy to increase the proliferation of electric vehicles. In addition, this publication might be used as a reference study to track the pace of improvements in the EV charging station infrastructure and to compare the improvements with 2020.

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2020/r/gumushane/17686
  The Reactions of Customers in Turkey Towards Load Shifting Based Demand Side Management in Smart Grids

  Cakmak, Recep; Altas, Ismail Hakki

  Technical studies on smart grids have been underway all over the world and in Turkey. One of the most important features that distinguishes the smart grids from conventional electrical grids the distributed generation structure of the smart grids. Therefore, demand side management (DSM) studies are one of the prominent research topics in today’s power distribution networks. In the smart grids, “consumption follows generation” paradigm is adopted by means of DSM instead of the “generation follows consumption” paradigm in conventional electrical grids. While progressing technical and academic studies on the smart grid and demand-side management, it is important to investigate the perspective of consumers, who are one of the important stakeholders in the implementation phase of the smart grids. In this study, reactions and attitudes of customers in Turkey towards load shifting based demand side management in the smart grids are presented using results of a public survey, which is implemented in Istanbul. The presented results are obtained through statistical frequency analysis of the public survey data. The findings would contribute to the development of the smart grid studies and demand-side management policies in Turkey.

  • 
  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2020/r/gumushane/14847
  A novel billing approach for fair and effective demand side management: Appliance level billing (AppLeBill)

  Çakmak, Recep; Altaş, İsmail Hakkı

  Demand side management (DSM) is an important part of smart electrical grid studies due to high energy efficiency it provides. Effective DSM techniques are hinged on participation level of the customers and control manner of their loads so if there is no fair and appropriate management, customers will not embrace demand side management applications. Besides, the customers might not participate to the demand response process willingly if their comforts are not considered. Therefore, the DSM systems must consider fairness and customer's comfort as well as distribution system objectives. Multifarious DSM systems have been proposed in the literature, however, the fair billing has not included as a parameter in most of these studies. This paper introduces a novel billing approach based upon appliance level billing (AppLeBill) for fair and effective demand side management. The proposed AppLeBill idea offers a billing strategy such that time-shiftable appliances (TSAs) in a residence may have a separate billing rate rather than a single billing rate for total electricity usage. The proposed AppLeBill concept includes three different schemes which are explained and simulated in order to compare each other in terms of their potential benefits.

  • 
  İncele
• BildiriYalnız künye2020/r/gumushane/14693
  A fuzzy decision maker to determine optimal starting time of shiftable loads in the smart grids

  Altaş, Ismail Hakkı; Çakmak, Recep

  Smart grid studies have been increased tremendously for past ten years in order to modernise and solve problems of current electrical grids. One of the aim of the smart grids is to react autonomously to the problems in electrical networks by means of artificial intelligence and decision maker. Fuzzy logic-based embedded control systems simulate human thoughts and decision making processes. So, fuzzy logic and fuzzy decision makers can be utilised in smart grids for automated system management. In this paper, a fuzzy decision maker has been proposed to manage time-shiftable loads in residences. The proposed fuzzy decision maker determines optimal starting time of time-shiftable loads in residential areas in order to provide balanced power curve and decrease peak load consumptions by scheduling the loads. Design stage of the proposed fuzzy decision maker have been introduced and presented clearly. Finally, a design example has been given to show the decision results.

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2019/r/gumushane/18125
  A fuzzy logic reasoning based real time energy price regulation approach for smart grids

  Cakmak, Recep; Çakanel, Ahmet

  Intelligent technologies have become pioneer force to provide flexible, dynamic and efficient energy generation andmanagement. Thus, smart algorithms such as fuzzy logic, artificial neural network, machine learning, soft computingtechniques are sole remedy against growing diverse and numerous distributed generations that make more complicatedpower systems. Real time closed loop controlling requires energy price as a featured variable to procure supply demandequilibrium point for a stable and reliable power system operation, where several dynamic models and estimationsoftware are introduced in the literature. In this study, a fuzzy logic reasoning-based price regulator (FLR-PR) is designedand simulated on MATLAB/Simulink environment using 2018 hourly data of a summer day taken from annual energyreport of Turkey. The proposed model has been compared to Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) price controller basedon performance indexes in the constituted simulation cases. FLR-PR tracks instant reference demand signal changes withminimum steady state error and fast transient response with respect to PID controller.

  • 
  • 
  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2019/r/gumushane/15047
  Forecasting of Turkey’s monthly electricity demand by seasonal artificial neural network

  Hamzaçebi, Coşkun; Es, Hüseyin Avni; Çakmak, Recep

  Electricity is one of the most important end-user energy types in today’s world and has an effective role in development of societies and economies. Stability of electricity supply is provided by matching of generated and consumed electricity amount during the all-day. So, electricity consumption forecasting is an essential issue for electric utilities. In this study, the monthly electricity demand of Turkey has been predicted. To model the effects of seasonality and trend, four different ANN models have been developed and selected the superior one. In addition, the selected ANN model has been compared with SARIMA model in order to increase the acceptability and reliability of the ANN model. The monthly electricity demand of Turkey has been predicted between 2015 and 2018 via the ANN model that can make successful and high-accuracy predictions according to the performance measures. The forecasting values will help in determining the medium-term and stable energy policies.

  • 
  İncele
• BildiriYalnız künye2019/r/gumushane/13277
  Design of a MATLAB GUI for Day Ahead Forecasting of PV Panel Power

  Bektas, Sibel Cevik; Cakmak, Recep; Altas, Ismail H.

  This paper introduces design and utilization of a MATLAB graphical user interface (GUI) platform to forecast day ahead hourly Photovoltaic (PV) panel power by using forecasted day ahead global horizontal solar radiation. This platform, which would be a useful and practical tool for researchers who are study on energy management, planning and forecasting studies, consists of three parts. The first part predicts day ahead global horizontal solar radiation by trained artificial neural network (ANN) model. The second part performs the calculation of solar irradiation on the module, which has a tilted angle according to forecasting solar radiation data. The last part estimates the power generated by PV panel according to the calculated incident radiation. In this study, the solar irradiation forecasting, the calculation of incident radiation to tilted module and prediction of the solar power to be generated by the PV module are done. The designed GUI has been utilized to forecast solar radiation and PV output power for test days. Then obtained forecasted data have been evaluated with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and correlation coefficient (R).

  • 
  • 
  İncele