Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/13406
  Physicochemical properties of fifteen flower honey samples from five districts in Türkiye

  Ucuncu, Osman; Kul, Merve Kalafat; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Aykoc, Ayse Muslu

  This study analyzed the physicochemical characteristics, mineral composition, and antioxidant potential of fifteen floral honey samples collected from five districts of Gümüşhane, Türkiye. The average values for moisture (17.44 g/100 g), insoluble solids (0.04 g/100 g), conductivity (0.35 mS/cm), diastase activity (54.15 DN), free acidity (38.18 meq/kg), and fructose + glucose content (68.95 g/100 g) were mostly within the acceptable limits defined by national honey standards. Proline content ranged from 562.66 to 1466.15 mg/kg, while hydroxymethylfurfural (0.37–18.89 mg/kg) confirmed the freshness of all samples. Potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium were identified as the major mineral elements in the analyzed honey samples, with considerable variation observed among samples collected from different districts. Antioxidant activity (Total phenolic content (mg GAE/100 g): 9.21–98.25; SC₅₀ (mg/mL): 5.23–41.29) revealed a strong antioxidant potential of Gümüşhane honeys. This work provides the first detailed characterization of Gümüşhane honeys, confirming their high physicochemical quality, rich mineral profile, and notable antioxidant potential, and underscores their value as a distinctive regional product with functional and commercial significance.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/14045
  Microencapsulation of Caucasian blueberries (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) anthocyanins: Colour stability in varying storage conditions

  Girgin, Serpil; Üçüncü, Osman; Baltacı, Cemalettin; Muslu Aykoç, Ayşe

  The aim of this study was to investigate the extraction of anthocyanins from the fruits of Caucasian blueberry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) and examine the colour stability of anthocyanins encapsulated through spray drying in model systems. The trials were conducted to determine the optimal conditions for anthocyanin extraction using an ultrasonic water bath at temperatures of 25, 50 and 75°C. The ideal anthocyanin extraction occurred at 25°C using 100% acetone in an ultrasonic bath for 15 min at 35 kHz. Anthocyanin concentrations were evaluated using the pH differential method. The extracted anthocyanins were encapsulated through spray drying with maltodextrin as the encapsulating material. The encapsulation efficiency was 80.4 ± 0.20%, and the anthocyanin retention rate was 83.0 ± 0.76%. The coloured capsules were added to model systems with pH values of 4.50, 5.00, 5.50 and 6.00. The colour values (L* 50.16 ± 0.05, a* 4.08 ± 0.04, b* −9.35 ± 0.01, H° 293.57 ± 0.15, C* 10.20 ± 0.03) were measured during varying storage conditions. The results showed, that colour loss began on the fifth day and this was accelerated with higher temperatures and pH values. It was found that encapsulation significantly preserved the stability of the blue colour and the loss of the blue colour followed first-order reaction kinetics. The study showed that the blue colour of microcapsules was best preserved at pH 5.00 at 25°C. In this case, the measured total colour change (∆E) was 5.86, the activation energy (Ea) was 37.64 kJ/mol, and the half-life (t1/2) was determined to be 19.08 days.

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• Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/gumushane/14559
  Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Non-edible Lignocellulosic Food Wastes

  Muslu, Ayşe; Üçüncü, Osman; Baltacı, Cemalettin

  The compound 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) has emerged as a versatile intermediate with the ability to undergo conversion into both fuel and a variety of platform chemicals. Lignocellulosic biomass, such as hazelnut shells and tea processing residues, was employed in this study for HMF production through two distinct methods. In the first method, cellulose from biomass was converted to sugars using a 4% acid solution, followed by catalytic conversion with NaCl/CrCl3.6H2O. After a 1-h reaction at 131 °C in a high-pressure system, HMF was obtained from tea processing waste and hazelnut shells with yields of 8.6% (82.3 mg/g) and 6.7% (66.7 mg/g), respectively. The second method involved LiCl/NaCl-doped N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) as an ionic solvent system for HMF production. After a 2-h reaction at 131 °C in the DMA-NaCl/[EMIM]Cl ionic solvent system, HMF was obtained from tea processing waste and hazelnut shell celluloses with yields of 5.7% (57.5 mg/g) and 3.1% (31.3 mg/g), respectively. This study contributes to the economic conversion of various food wastes into valuable chemicals, highlighting the potential of lignocellulosic biomass in sustainable chemical production.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/14463
  Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from the flowers and leaves of Celtis planchoniana K.I.Chr.

  Öz, Mehmet; Ucuncu, Osman; Baltacı, Cemalettin; Said Fidan, M.; Karatas, Seyda Merve

  Most plant parts are used in traditional food and medicine. Plants are significant resources of potential phytochemicals. This study investigated the properties of essential oil, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the flowers and leaves of the Celtis planchoniana plant. Based on the GC/MS-FID analysis of essential oils extracted from the flowers and leaves of C. planchoniana, 101 and 91 compounds were identified from their structures, respectively. Chemical classes with the highest percentage of compounds found in essential oils of plants were oil acids, with 31.51% in flowers, and aldehydes, with 32.89% in leaves. Hexadecanoic acid (29.94%) and (E)-2-hexenal (16.11%) compounds were determined as the main components in the plant’s flowers and leaves. Among the flower and leaf samples, the highest antioxidant levels were 132.77-80.10 mg AA eq./100 mL in TAC, 17.63-118.23 mg AA eq./100 mL in ABTS, 71.41-85.15 mg GA eq./100 mL in TPC, and 15.08-15.71 mg AA eq./100 mL in DPPH capacity. According to the TFC, TPC, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP tests conducted to determine the antioxidant properties of C. planchoniana, the essential oil obtained from its leaves demonstrated more significant antioxidant properties than the essential oil obtained from its flowers. According to the antimicrobial activity analysis, the leaf and flower essential oil samples exhibited no antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2022/r/gumushane/12838
  Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Colchicum speciosum Steven growing in Türkiye

  Baltacı, Cemalettin; Öz, Mehmet; Fidan, Muhammed Said; Üçüncü, Osman; Karataş, Şeyda Merve

  In the current study, the chemical constituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the volatile oil obtained from flowers and stems of C. speciosum growing in Türkiye were investigated. Both volatile oils were extracted through the hydrodistillation method in a Clevenger apparatus followed by the GC-MS analysis. The volatile oil yield attained from flowers and stems parts were determined as 0.62% and 0.65%, respectively. The most abundant compounds were determined in the flowers. Tricosane, octadecanal and hexadecanoic acid were identified to be the major components. Tricosane (38.28%) was defined to be the major component in flowers. 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde, tricosane and hexadecanoic acid were found to be the main compounds in the volatile oil of stems. 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde (46.49%) was found to be the main constituents in stems. According to the results antioxidant activity was attained as total antioxidant substance amount (86.77 mg AA/100 mL), total phenolic substance amount (65.64 mg GA/100 mL), total flavonoid substance amount (3.92 mg QE/100 mL), ferric (III) ion reducing antioxidant power capacity (6.88 mg FeSO4/100 mL) and free radical scavenging capacity (ABTS) (50.67 mg AA/100 mL) were obtained the highest antioxidant properties were obtained in flowers of C. speciosum. C. speciosum volatile oils had antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus in the flowers and had no activity against bacteria and yeast-mould in the stems.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2021/r/gumushane/14722
  Chemical composition and biological activities of volatile oils of arabis alpina l. Ssp. alpina

  Ucuncu, O.

  This work reports volatile constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of volatile oils from the air-dried flower and aerial parts (APs) of Arabis alpina L. ssp. alpina. The volatile components of flower and aerial parts (stem + leaf) were investigated by means of hydrodistillation in Clevenger type apparatus and GC/MS/FID analysis. Fifty-one and fifty-three compounds in the volatile oils of flower and APs of A. alpina were identified. Terpene derivatives were the major volatiles in both oils. Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone was the main component of flower oil and APs oil in ratios of 16.27% and 26.94%, respectively. Additionally, both flower and APs essential oils were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against twelve bacteria and five fungi, using agar dilution method and antioxidant activities by using DPPH˙, ABTS˙+ and Folin-Ciocalteu assays. Flower oil was effective against B. subtilis and B. cereus even at 100µg/mL. The amount of total phenolic, %DPPH˙ scavenging activity and ABTS˙+ scavenging activity were found as 485.60±7.28 mg/mL GAE, 49.85±1.22% and 166.43±12.05µM Trolox equivalent, respectively. Flower oil exhibited antimicrobial effect against gram positive bacteria especially, and moderate antioxidant activity.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2021/r/gumushane/14674
  Determination of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities and Chemical Components of Volatile Oils of Atropa belladonna L. Growing in Turkey

  Öz, Mehmet; Fidan, Muhammed Said; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Ücüncü, Osman; Karatas, Seyda Merve

  In this study; the essential oils were obtained from the flowers and leaves of Atropa belladonna L. plants through the hydrodistillation method in a Clevenger type device. The chemical composition of volatile oils was determined by analyzing with the GC-MS/MS instrument. The antioxidant activity of the obtained volatile oils was determined according to total antioxidant content (TAC), free radical scavenging (ABTS) capacity, free radical scavenging (DPPH) amounts, total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) capacity methods. Antimicrobial activities of essential oils were determined through the agar-disc diffusion method. As for the results; volatile oil yields of the A. belladonna were determined as 0.37 % in leaves and 1.57 % in flowers. The highest percentage of chemical compounds in essential oils of the A. belladonna plant were determined as (43.75 %) aldehydes in leaves and as (39.96 %) fatty acids in flowers. In addition, the main constituents found in volatile oils were eicosane (35.92 %) in the leaves and hexadecenoic acid (18.84 %) in the flowers of the A. belladonna. The highest amounts of antioxidant for the test specimens were found as 1.37-1.48 mg QE/100 mL in TFC, as 13.25-21.91 mg AA/100 mL in ABTS, as 51.49-62.87 mg GA/100 mL in TPC, and as 4.71-7.97 mg FeSO4/100 mL in FRAP capacity. As the results of the antimicrobial activities, it was determined that only the leaves of A. belladonna show antimicrobial activity against the mold-yeast and gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria microorganisms among the 17 bacteria and 6 yeast-mold types used in the study.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2020/r/gumushane/14670
  Biological activities and phytochemical screening of ethanol extracts from adonis paryadrica (Ranunculaceae)

  Ucuncu, Osman; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akar, Zeynep; Duzgun, Azer Ozad; Cuce, Mustafa; Kandemir, Ali

  In this study, secondary metabolite profiles of flower, leaf and root of Adonis paryadrica ethanolic extracts were performed by using a newly developed and validated LC-MS/MS method. For this purpose, the LC-MS/MS system was used for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of 37 phytochemicals. The main component of the flower, leaf and root extracts was the quinic acid (160, 111 and 64 mg/kg, respectively). Antioxidant activities were determined using methods such as DPPH (SC50, mg/mL), FRAP (µM TEAC), CUPRAC (µM TEAC), ABTS (SC50, mg/mL) and TPC (GAE, µg/mL). While the highest antioxidant activity value for FRAP, CUPRAC, ABTS and TPC methods was determined in the leaf part of the plant, this value was determined in the flower part for DPPH. The antibacterial effects of the plant extracts were determined by liquid microdilution and agar diffusion methods. As a result, antimicrobial effect of flowers, leaf and all sections of plant extracts were determined except plant root extracts which did not display any activity against bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of the plant flower extract was found to be higher especially against to P. vulgaris with 3.5 mg/mL MIC.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2019/r/gumushane/18032
  Galanthus ikariae Baker Bitkisinin Toprak Üstü Kısımlarının Uçucu Yağının Kimyasal Bileşimi ve Biyolojik Aktiviteleri

  Üçüncü, Osman; Ilter, Seyda Merve; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Muslu, Ayşe; Büyükçekiç, Demet; Ejderha, Hasan; Özdemir, Elif Ezgi

  Bu çalışmada Galanthus ikariae Baker bitkisinin toprak üstü kısımlarının uçucu yağının kimyasal içeriği, antioksidanve antimikrobiyal özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Bitkinin uçucu yağı Clevenger tipi hidrodistilasyon ile alınmış ve GCMS/FID ile analiz edilmiştir. Uçucu yağdaki 41 bileşiğin yapısı literatür bilgileri ile karşılaştırılarak aydınlatılmıştır.Hegzadekanoik asit, linoleik asit, 2-tridekanon ve linoleik asit metil ester bileşiklerinin sırasıyla %19.05; %14.6;%11.49 ve %6.97 oranlarında ana bileşenler oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Uçucu yağın toplam fenolik miktarı ve radikalsüpürücü aktivitesi (DPPH) sırasıyla 342.22 mg/mL GAE ve %55.92 bulunmuştur. Uçucu yağın antimikrobiyalaktivitesi agar kuyucuk metodu ile 12 adet bakteri ve 5 adet maya-küfe karşı araştırılmıştır ve özellikle Listeriamonocytogenes bakterisi ve Saccharomyces cerevisiae mayasına karşı etkili olduğu görülmüştür.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2019/r/gumushane/11824
  Volatile constituents and biological properties of essential oils from aerial parts of Gentiana gelida BIEB

  Üçüncü, Osman; Karataş, Şeyda Merve; Baltacı, Cemalettin; Karaköse, Mustafa; Türkuçar, Semra Alkan

  This work reports the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils from the aerial parts of Gentiana gelida BIEB. for the first time in literature. The oils from the aerial parts (flower, leaf and stem) were obtained by Clevenger-type apparatus and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. While tricosane (21.67%) was the main component of flower oil, hexadecanoic acid was the most abundant component of leaf and stem oils in ratios 26.46% and 31.89%, respectively. Additionally, all essential oils of G. gelida were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against eight Gram negative bacteria, four Gram positive bacteria and five fungi, using agar dilution method and antioxidant activities by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and Folin-Ciocalteu assays. The flower oil of G. gelida showed stronger antimicrobial and antioxidant activities than those of stem and leaf. The amount of total phenolic content and scavenging activity of the flower oil were found 525.35±8.24 mg GAE/L and 49.30±1.25%, respectively.

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