Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/13936
  Institutional Structure and Environmental Pollution: An Application within the Framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis

  Hayaloglu, Pınar; Recepoglu, Murşit; Cakir, Mehmet Ali

  The EKC hypothesis explains the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. However, criticisms of its fundamental assumptions suggest that this relationship should be examined more comprehensively. While the EKC hypothesis addresses the link between income levels and environmental quality, it may overlook the impact of institutional structures and policy factors. In this context, recent studies increasingly highlight the role of institutional structures in environmental degradation. Accordingly, this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of environmental sustainability by approaching the EKC hypothesis from the perspective of institutional quality. To determine the effects of institutional quality on environmental degradation, the study employs the Driscoll-Kraay estimation method. The analysis is conducted on a sample of SADC countries for the period 1990-2021. The findings indicate that institutional quality has a statistically significant and positive effect on environmental degradation; however, beyond a certain threshold, this effect reverses. Additionally, the impact of economic growth on environmental degradation is examined within the EKC framework, revealing that while per capita income initially increases environmental degradation, exceeding a certain income level leads to improvements in environmental quality. The findings confirm the validity of the EKC hypothesis in SADC countries and suggest that strong institutional structures can play a supportive role in promoting environmental sustainability.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/11746
  The Impact of Militarisation on Environmental Degradation in the E7 Countries: Panel CS-ARDL Approach

  Yildiz, Gizem Akbulut; Yildiz, Barış; Al, İbrahim; Kanca, Osman Cenk

  This paper, within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), investigates the impact of militarisation on environmental degradation, including the role of renewable energy. Military expenditure and burden are used as proxies for militarisation, and models are estimated to quantify their relationship with carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions. The study utilizes the CS-ARDL approach to analyse data from Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey collectively known as the E7 nations from 1992 to 2022. The method employs both fixed-effect and random-effect models, taking into account short-run and long-run coefficients while accounting for cross-sectional dependencies and heterogeneities. The study puts forward four hypotheses for investigation, and a notable finding is that military expenditure, contradicting prevalent sustainability assumptions, has a substantial impact on the reduction of CO2 emissions over both short and long-run periods. This suggests that within the E7 context, militarisation may paradoxically function as a catalyst for environmental conservation rather than a detrimental impact. The findings further corroborate the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis by demonstrating that while economic growth initially increases emission levels, these levels begin to decline once a certain income threshold is reached. The study also underscores the long-run benefits of renewable energy in reducing CO2 emissions and advocates for investment in green energy projects, complemented by implementing viable environmental policies. These insights offer actionable guidance for policymakers seeking to harmonize economic development with environmental protection and sustainability objectives.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2019/r/gumushane/12936
  The impact of economic globalization on CO2 emissions: The case of NAFTA countries

  Kalaycı, Cemalettin; Hayaloğlu, Pınar

  International trade with the economic globalization gaining wide currency has brought along the environmental problems. Transition to environment-friendly high-tech products and schemes in developed countries alleviated the impacts of these problems whereas underdeveloped environmental standards in developing countries still cause deterioration in the environmental quality. For this reason, there are different views on the environmental impacts of globalization. The study investigates the impact of globalization and trade openness on CO2 emissions with reference to the NAFTA countries. Employing panel-data analysis, the study relies on the annual data for a period of 1990–2015. The findings reveal that there is a positive relationship between economic globalization and trade openness, and CO2 emissions. The study further tests the validity of Environmental Kuznets Curve for the target countries. To this end, the research identifies a positive-direction relationship in both linear and square forms between CO2 emissions and economic growth.

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