Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13669
  Phenolic Profiling of Laurus nobilis by LC–ESI–MS/MS: In Vitro Bioactivities and In Silico Enzyme Docking

  Bak, Funda Erşen; Canbolat Gültekin, Deniz; Akmeşe, Osman; Atalay, Abdurrahman; Turan, İbrahim; Gültekin, Ergün; Demir, Selim; Aliyazicioglu, Yüksel

  This study evaluated the branch, leaf, and fruit extracts of Laurus nobilis collected from Artvin in terms of phenolic composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities and additionally investigated the binding of selected phenolics to α-amylase/α-glucosidase targets through molecular docking. Using LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis, 31 phenolic compounds were quantitatively identified, with epicatechin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, and rutin predominating particularly in the branches and leaves. Antioxidant capacity was higher in branches and leaves (total phenolic content [TPC]/FRAP/DPPH IC50: branches and leaves, respectively, 95.27–60.84 mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g, 206.16–162.05 mg Trolox equivalent [TE]/g, and 46.95–113.49 µg/mL). Antimicrobial activity was observed within a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 1.25–10 mg/mL; leaves exhibited the strongest effect against Bacillus cereus (1.25 mg/mL), whereas fruits were most effective against Candida albicans (1.25 mg/mL). In antidiabetic evaluation, fruits yielded the lowest IC50 values against α-amylase and α-glucosidase (4.31 and 8.97 mg/mL, respectively), suggesting a “composition-over-quantity” effect despite low total phenolic content. Docking results supported high binding affinities of rutin (α-glucosidase −9.3 kcal/mol; α-amylase −8.1 kcal/mol) and luteolin (−8.6 kcal/mol for both enzymes). Overall, although branches and leaves exhibited strong antioxidant profiles, fruits showed more pronounced inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes; therefore, fractionation studies and in vivo/kinetic validations are recommended.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/13546
  Chemical Profiling of Stachys cretica subsp. anatolica Rech. f. (Endemic) Essential Oils and their Methanol Extracts with Evaluation as Enzyme Inhibitors, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Agents

  Öz, Mehmet; Fidan, Muhammed Said; Baltacı, Cemalettin; Akmeşe, Osman; Sefalı, Abdurrahman; Aygül, İmdat

  Enzyme inhibition activities, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities, bioactive compounds, antimicrobial activities, and chemical components of essential oil and methanol extracts obtained from the aerial parts of S. cretica subsp. anatolica were investigated. The main phenolic compounds of aerial parts were catechin, oleuropein, and epicatechin. The determined enzyme inhibitor activities highlight the potential of S. cretica subsp. anatolica as a source of bioactive compounds, particularly for carbonic anhydrase and cholinesterase inhibition. The essential oil and methanol extract exhibited remarkable activities against CA-II, AChE, and BChE, although they were less potent than standard inhibitors. The essential oils generally showed stronger antimicrobial activity compared to the 30% methanol extracts across most bacterial and fungal strains, as evidenced by minimum lethal concentration (MLC) and lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and larger inhibition zones. Chloramphenicol used alone exhibited the highest antimicrobial efficacy, with the lowest MIC and MLC values and the largest inhibition zones. The essential oils of S. cretica subsp. anatolica were determined as esters, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and aldehydes in aerial parts. The main components were found to be hexahydrofarnesyl acetone in the aerial parts.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13421
  LC–MS/MS Phenolic Profiling and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antidiabetic Activities of Caucasian Propolis

  Gültekin, Deniz Canbolat; Turan, İbrahim; Akmeşe, Osman; Gültekin, Ergün; Demir, Selim; Aliyazicioglu, Yüksel

  Propolis is a natural bee product rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds and is well known for its remarkable biological properties. In this study, the phenolic compositions of propolis samples collected from various localities in the Caucasus region of Türkiye were characterized using LC–MS/MS, and their antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities were also evaluated. LC–MS/MS analyses identified caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid as the major phenolic acid compounds, while pinocembrin, chrysin, and galangin were determined as the major flavonoid constituents. Overall, these findings indicate that the antioxidant capacity of propolis samples obtained from different regions may be particularly associated with these key phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Consistent with this composition, total phenolic and flavonoid contents ranged from 34.72 to 120.54 mg GAE/g and 6.88 to 47.19 mg QE/g, respectively. The extracts exhibited a relatively high antioxidant capacity, with FRAP values between 60.47 and 311.87 mg TE/g and DPPH IC50 values ranging from 215.80 to 37.96 µg/mL. Regarding antidiabetic activity, the IC50 values for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition were determined as 5.86–3.47 and 12.22–5.02 mg/mL, respectively, indicating a pronounced antidiabetic potential. Antimicrobial analyses revealed activity against E. faecalis, B. cereus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and C. albicans. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive LC–MS/MS-based phenolic profile of Caucasian propolis and demonstrates its antioxidant properties together with its antidiabetic potential.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/12128
  Chemical Profiling and Biological Activities of Methanol Extracts and Essential Oils From Ferulago Platycarpa Boiss. & Balansa (Endemic): Enzyme Inhibition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties

  Aygül, İmdat; Öz, Mehmet; Fidan, Muhammed Said; Baltacı, Cemalettin; Akmeşe, Osman; Sefalı, Abdurrahman

  This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological activities of Ferulago platycarpa methanol extract (ME) and essential oil (EO). The EO was obtained via hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS, revealing sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as the dominant class, with caryophyllene (65.8%) and α-pinene (9.65%) as the major constituents. The methanol extract was subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis, which identified eleven phenolic compounds, with chlorogenic acid as the most abundant. The extract showed significantly higher total phenolic (1196.22±11.64 mg GAE/100g) and antioxidant (1870.00±17.69 mg QEE/100g) contents compared to the ME. In vitro enzyme inhibition assays demonstrated that the methanol extract exhibited potent inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II, ICSO= 0.023 pg/mL), acetylcholinesterase (AChE, ICSO= 110 pg/mL), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, IC50= 390 pg/mL). In contrast, the EO showed higher inhibition against α-amylase (IC50= 5920±10.45 pg/mL) and BChE (IC50= 1.32±0.65 pg/mL), while its α-glucosidase showed no inhibition. Antioxidant assays indicated superior activity for the methanol extract compared to the EO. Furthermore, antimicrobial testing revealed that the EO demonstrated broader and more effective antimicrobial action, exhibiting lower MIC and MBC values against several bacterial and fungal strains. Collectively, these results highlight F. platycarpa as a valuable source of bioactive compounds with promising applications in antidiabetic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and antimicrobial therapies.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/19723
  Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and α-amylase enzyme inhibition properties of Rosa canina seed extracts prepared with different solvents using maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods

  Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akmeşe, Osman; Aygül, İmdat; Kılınç, Kagan; Hafedh, Mohammed

  The efficient extraction of bioactive molecules from medicinal plants is strongly related to the solvents and methods used. This study evaluated the impact of solvent selection and extraction methods on the bioactive potential of Rosa canina seed extracts, focusing on antioxidant, antimicrobial, and α-amylase inhibitory activities. Four solvents —dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol-water (80:20), ethyl acetate, and acetonitrile— were paired with maceration and ultrasonic techniques to generate eight extracts (DMM, DMU, ESM, ESU, EAM, EAU, ACM, ACS). Antioxidant activity was assessed via total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content, FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays. Antimicrobial efficacy was tested against seven microorganisms (Gram+, Gram−, and yeast) using well diffusion and MIC methods, while α-amylase inhibition was quantified via IC50. The ethyl acetate ultrasonic extract (EAU) exhibited the highest TPC (63.86 mg GAE/g) and TFC (210.23 mg QE/g), along with superior antioxidant activity across all assays (P < 0.05). Ethyl acetate maceration (EAM) ranked second, underscoring ethyl acetate’s efficacy. Acetonitrile maceration (ACM) demonstrated the strongest α-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 20.46 mg/mL). All extracts showed notable antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila and Klebsiella pneumoniae, though efficacy varied for other strains. DMSO-based extracts (DMM/DMU) consistently underperformed. These findings highlight ethyl acetate (EAU/EAM) as optimal for antioxidant-rich extracts and ACM for enzyme inhibition, positioning Rosa canina seeds as a promising source of natural bioactive compounds for functional food and therapeutic applications.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/19497
  Phytogenic Silver and Copper Nanoparticles from Morus nigra L. Leaf as Multifunctional Agents: Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Potency

  Çam Derin, Dilek; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akmeşe, Osman; Taskin, Irmak Icen; Karpuz, Omer; Gültekin, Enes; Sever, Meryem Rüveyda

  The growing need for eco-friendly nanomaterials has directed attention toward plant-based green synthesis as a sustainable approach for biomedical applications. This study reports the biosynthesis of silver (YAgNPs) and copper nanoparticles (YCuNPs) using Morus nigra L. leaf extract and evaluates their multifunctional properties. The nanoparticles were produced under alkaline aqueous conditions, and their crystalline nature and nanoscale morphology were confirmed by standard structural and elemental analyses. Both YAgNPs and YCuNPs exhibited enhanced antioxidant capacities compared to the crude extract. YAgNPs showed the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (250.33 mg FeSO₄/g), while YCuNPs demonstrated superior DPPH radical scavenging activity (114.12 mg AAE/g). In antidiabetic assays, YAgNPs strongly inhibited α-amylase (IC₅₀ = 112.02 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 38.27 μg/mL), approaching the potency of acarbose. Antimicrobial analysis revealed distinct activity profiles: YAgNPs were highly effective in broth cultures with low MIC and MBC values (0.09–0.18 mg/mL against B. subtilis and E. coli), whereas YCuNPs achieved larger inhibition zones in diffusion assays. Checkerboard testing confirmed synergistic interactions between nanoparticles and antibiotics, with FICI values ≤0.5 against E. faecium, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, highlighting their ability to enhance antibiotic efficacy. YAgNPs exhibited notable cytotoxic effects against HeLa and HCT116 cancer cell lines, with IC₅₀ values of 9.84 and 6.83 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, YCuNPs displayed weaker anticancer activity. Overall, these findings demonstrate that M. nigra derived nanoparticles combine antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities with synergistic antibiotic-enhancing effects, underscoring their potential as sustainable, multifunctional therapeutic agents.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/13697
  Enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, and phenolic profiles of the methanol extract of Gelasia sericea an endemic species

  AYGÜL, İmdat; AKMEŞE, Osman; SEFALI, Abdurrahman; BALTACI, Cemalettin; ÖZ, Mehmet; FIDAN, Muhammed Said

  This study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibitory properties of the methanolic extract of Gelasia sericea (Aucher ex DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian. The extract demonstrated a moderate yield (6.55 g/100 g dry plant material) and was found to be rich in phenolic acids, particularly ferulic acid (17182.97 μg g-1), followed by caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, and p-coumaric acid. Antioxidant analyses revealed high total phenolic (388.86 mg GA eq./100 g), total flavonoid (74.03 mg QE eq./100 g), and total antioxidant capacity (503.33 mg AA eq./100 g). The extract exhibited remarkable ABTS radical scavenging activity (95.99%, IC50 = 37.59 mg ml-1) and considerable ferric-ion reducing power (974.78 mg FeSO4 eq./100 g). Antimicrobial assays indicated moderate inhibitory effects, with stronger activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and the yeast Candida albicans, whereas Gram-negative bacteria were less susceptible. The extract’s MIC values ranged between 0.20-3.25 mg ml-1, and MLC values between 0.41-6.50 mg ml-1, which were higher than those of standard antibiotics. Enzyme inhibition assays revealed moderate activity against carbonic anhydrase II (IC50 = 0.0136 µg ml-1) and weak inhibition of cholinesterases and α-glucosidase, while α-amylase inhibition was relatively more pronounced (IC50 = 13350.00 µg ml-1). Overall, these findings highlight G. sericea as a valuable natural source of phenolic acids and antioxidants, with promising potential for applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and phytopharmaceuticals. However, the relatively limited antimicrobial and enzyme inhibitory activities suggest the need for further studies on bioavailability, in vivo efficacy, and compound isolation to optimize its practical applications.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2025/r/gumushane/13506
  Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) steaming condensate: phenolic composition and functional activities

  Akmeşe, Osman; Sivrikaya, Hüseyin; Baltacı, Cemalettin

  This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the bioactive properties of the condensate formed during the steaming treatment of beech wood (Fagus orientalis L.). The phenolic compound profile, antioxidant capacity, enzyme inhibition, and antimicrobial activity of the condensate were evaluated using multiple analytical methods. Rich in total phenolic content (339.20 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid levels (79.74 mg QE/g), the condensate exhibited strong reducing power in the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), while demonstrating moderate radical scavenging activity in the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic acid)) tests. In antimicrobial assessments, the condensate was found to be effective against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus as well as Candida albicans as a pathogen fungus, while showing lower activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Its antifungal efficacy was found to be notable when compared to nystatin. Although the IC₅₀ value of the condensate in α-amylase inhibition assays (1320.00 µg/mL) was weaker than that of the reference inhibitor acarbose (33.26 µg/mL), the results indicate its potential as a plant-based enzyme inhibitor candidate. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed characteristic peaks associated with lignin derivatives, carbohydrates, and ester bonds in the condensate. LC–MS/MS analyses identified chlorogenic acid (1581.65 µg/g) as the major phenolic compound, along with ferulic acid and rosmarinic acid. Beech steaming condensate stands out as a valuable bioactive resource in the context of industrial by-product valorization. With its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme-inhibitory properties, it holds promising potential for applications in the food preservation, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. These findings may contribute to the sustainability of the forest industry from a circular economy perspective.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/12385
  Chemical composition of essential oils and comparative analysis of enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in essential oils of endemic Gelasia sericea (Aucher ex DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N. Kilian

  Fidan, Muhammed Said; Baltacı, Cemalettin; Akmeşe, Osman; Sefalı, Abdurrahman; Aygül, İmdat; Öz, Mehmet

  In this study, essential oil from the aerial parts of Gelasia sericea (Aucher ex DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N. Kilian was extracted via hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus. GC-MS/FID analysis determined aldehydes (28.31%) as the dominant group, with eucalyptol (8.71%) as the main constituent. Antioxidant activities were exhibited using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, with the essential oil demonstrating relatively higher antioxidant properties. The essential oil also showed higher levels of bioactive components, including total antioxidant capacity (160.26 mg AA eq./100 mL), total phenolic content (21.57 mg GA eq./100 mL), and total flavonoid content (14.85 mg QE eq./100 mL). While G. sericea essential oil demonstrated some antioxidant activity, it was significantly lower compared to the reference standard ascorbic acid (AA). The antimicrobial results showed relatively higher antimicrobial activity compared to most bacterial and fungal strains, as evidenced by lower MIC and MBC values and larger inhibition zones. Nevertheless, chloramphenicol (CH) and nalidixic acid (NA) continually showed superior antimicrobial efficacy, with the lowest MIC and MBC values and the largest inhibition zones. The essential oil also demonstrated potent enzyme inhibitory activity, especially against CA-II, AChE, and BChE, with the lowest IC50 value observed for CA-II, highlighting its potential as a potent enzyme inhibitor. However, the essential oil exhibited comparatively greater inhibition against AChE, BChE and α-amylase but was less effective overall. These findings suggest that the G. sericea essential oil has important antioxidant potential and enzyme inhibitory activity, while the essential oil shows varying efficacy across different enzymes.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/11738
  Evaluation of antibacterial, antioxidant activities and secondary metabolites profile of orchids with different dried methods

  Ozkan, Ahmet Ismail; Canbolat-Gültekin, Deniz; Soruklu, Sudenaz; Işik, Uğur; Akmeşe, Osman

  The Central Black Sea region is a very dense region in terms of orchid diversity. As a consequence of the floral studies, 32 species of salep orchids were identified in the Central Black Sea Region. The aim of this current study was to identify the secondary metabolite profiles of leaves and tubers of two orchid species (Anacamptis palustris and Ophrys apifera) with different drying methods by HPLC analysis and to determine their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. For this purpose, different drying methods were applied to the roots and leaves of these two species. The species were dried by 3 different techniques: shade, lyophilizer and oven. After the aqueous extracts were obtained, their antibacterial and antioxidant activities were tested and HPLC analysis was completed. The data obtained from aqueous extracts as a result of drying techniques were compared with the data obtained from fresh plant aqueous extracts. Antibacterial properties were tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 bacteria. No antibacterial activity was found in the study. Antioxidant properties were tested via DPPH and FRAP assays. As a result of DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the highest antioxidant efficiency in A. palustris was observed in leaves dried in lyophilizer (76.53%), in the shade (62.13%) and in the oven (54.12%), respectively. Nine different phenolic compounds were found in aqueous extracts of these species. Epicatechin, Gallic Acid, Rutin, Syringic Acid phenolic compounds were observed the most in HPLC analysis. The results of current study suggest that these extracts have antioxidant and phenolic contents and should be investigated in more comprehensive studies.

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