Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ3/r/gumushane/13546
  Chemical Profiling of Stachys cretica subsp. anatolica Rech. f. (Endemic) Essential Oils and their Methanol Extracts with Evaluation as Enzyme Inhibitors, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Agents

  Öz, Mehmet; Fidan, Muhammed Said; Baltacı, Cemalettin; Akmeşe, Osman; Sefalı, Abdurrahman; Aygül, İmdat

  Enzyme inhibition activities, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities, bioactive compounds, antimicrobial activities, and chemical components of essential oil and methanol extracts obtained from the aerial parts of S. cretica subsp. anatolica were investigated. The main phenolic compounds of aerial parts were catechin, oleuropein, and epicatechin. The determined enzyme inhibitor activities highlight the potential of S. cretica subsp. anatolica as a source of bioactive compounds, particularly for carbonic anhydrase and cholinesterase inhibition. The essential oil and methanol extract exhibited remarkable activities against CA-II, AChE, and BChE, although they were less potent than standard inhibitors. The essential oils generally showed stronger antimicrobial activity compared to the 30% methanol extracts across most bacterial and fungal strains, as evidenced by minimum lethal concentration (MLC) and lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and larger inhibition zones. Chloramphenicol used alone exhibited the highest antimicrobial efficacy, with the lowest MIC and MLC values and the largest inhibition zones. The essential oils of S. cretica subsp. anatolica were determined as esters, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and aldehydes in aerial parts. The main components were found to be hexahydrofarnesyl acetone in the aerial parts.

  AtıfScopus3

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ3/r/gumushane/12257
  Green Synthesis and Bioactivities of Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Mercurialis annua L. Extract

  Salad, Aisha Mohamud; Akar, Zeynep

  Biogenic synthesis using plant materials provides a sustainable alternative to classical nanoparticle fabrication, minimizing chemical hazards and decreasing energy input. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared using an aqueous extract of Mercurialis annua and characterized. Physicochemical properties of the AgNPs were confirmed using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (TEM–EDX), which collectively indicated crystalline, spherical silver nanoparticles stabilized by extract-derived functional groups. Subsequently, the biological activities of both the nanoparticles and the extract were comparatively evaluated using antioxidant tests, including cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC), as well as enzyme inhibition tests targeting α-glucosidase and carbonic anhydrase. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling identified 31 phenolic constituents in the extract, with ferulic, caffeic, salicylic, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids detected in high abundance. Overall, the biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated higher antioxidant performance and stronger inhibitory effects on both enzymes compared with the crude extract. These results indicate that M. annua-based AgNPs hold considerable promise sustainable and effective bioactive agents for future biomedical and biotechnological applications.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ3/r/gumushane/12153
  Chemical Profiling of Essential Oils and Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities in Both Methanol Extract and Essential Oils of Centaurea oltensis

  Aygül, İmdat; Akşit, Berfin

  The phytochemical composition and biological activities of Centaurea oltensis, an endemic species in Türkiye, were studied. GC–MS/FID analysis identified 128 compounds representing 99.2% of the EO, with decanoic acid (15.1%), α-pinene (7.9%), and sabinyl acetate (5.4%) as the principal constituents. GC–MS/FID analysis identified 128 compounds representing 99.2% of the essential oil (EO), with decanoic acid (15.1%), α-pinene (7.9%), and sabinyl acetate (5.4%) as the principal constituents. LC–MS/MS analysis of the methanol extract (ME) revealed high concentrations of ferulic acid (2410 µg/g dw) and chlorogenic acid (1170 µg/g dw), together with caffeic, salicylic, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids. The ME exhibited potent carbonic anhydrase-II inhibition (IC₅₀ = 0.028 µg/mL) and significant α-glucosidase inhibition (IC₅₀ = 0.255 mg/mL). The EO showed strong acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities, with IC₅₀ values of 0.0145 µg/mL and 0.204 µg/mL, respectively. Antioxidant assays, including DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, demonstrated superior activity of the ME, correlating with its higher phenolic and flavonoid contents. The EO displayed remarkable antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.02 mg/mL) and moderate antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Overall, C. oltensis demonstrated considerable chemical diversity and promising antioxidant, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, and enzyme inhibitory potential for future pharmacological and therapeutic applications.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ3/r/gumushane/12128
  Chemical Profiling and Biological Activities of Methanol Extracts and Essential Oils From Ferulago Platycarpa Boiss. & Balansa (Endemic): Enzyme Inhibition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties

  Aygül, İmdat; Öz, Mehmet; Fidan, Muhammed Said; Baltacı, Cemalettin; Akmeşe, Osman; Sefalı, Abdurrahman

  This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological activities of Ferulago platycarpa methanol extract (ME) and essential oil (EO). The EO was obtained via hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS, revealing sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as the dominant class, with caryophyllene (65.8%) and α-pinene (9.65%) as the major constituents. The methanol extract was subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis, which identified eleven phenolic compounds, with chlorogenic acid as the most abundant. The extract showed significantly higher total phenolic (1196.22±11.64 mg GAE/100g) and antioxidant (1870.00±17.69 mg QEE/100g) contents compared to the ME. In vitro enzyme inhibition assays demonstrated that the methanol extract exhibited potent inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II, ICSO= 0.023 pg/mL), acetylcholinesterase (AChE, ICSO= 110 pg/mL), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, IC50= 390 pg/mL). In contrast, the EO showed higher inhibition against α-amylase (IC50= 5920±10.45 pg/mL) and BChE (IC50= 1.32±0.65 pg/mL), while its α-glucosidase showed no inhibition. Antioxidant assays indicated superior activity for the methanol extract compared to the EO. Furthermore, antimicrobial testing revealed that the EO demonstrated broader and more effective antimicrobial action, exhibiting lower MIC and MBC values against several bacterial and fungal strains. Collectively, these results highlight F. platycarpa as a valuable source of bioactive compounds with promising applications in antidiabetic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and antimicrobial therapies.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ3/r/gumushane/12111
  Greenwashing in Wood Substitute Products: The Case of PVC Window Frames

  Top, Yener

  Wood is a renewable material, and advancements in machinery have made it possible to produce wood-based products in large quantities. This has led to environmental problems, which in turn have increased consumers’ environmental concern. This concern has caused consumers to prefer environmental-friendly products. Alongside green products and green marketing, greenwashing practices, which are not actually green but exploit consumer sensitivity, have also become widespread. These deceptive claims confuse consumers and provide an unfair competitive advantage against genuinely environmentally friendly products. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) windows, which can be used as a substitute for wood windows, were chosen as a research focus, and the greenwashing practices of enterprises manufacturing PVC window were investigated. The research was conducted using deductive content analysis. The corporate websites of the enterprises were examined in terms of greenwashing. Artificial intelligence was used, but identified greenwashing types were checked by the researcher. The study found that PVC window manufacturers most frequently resorted to greenwashing involving no proof, vagueness, and hidden trade-off approaches. Greenwashing types were also examined by topics, revealing that “general environmental benefits” is the most common type.

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• Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3/r/gumushane/14559
  Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Non-edible Lignocellulosic Food Wastes

  Muslu, Ayşe; Üçüncü, Osman; Baltacı, Cemalettin

  The compound 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) has emerged as a versatile intermediate with the ability to undergo conversion into both fuel and a variety of platform chemicals. Lignocellulosic biomass, such as hazelnut shells and tea processing residues, was employed in this study for HMF production through two distinct methods. In the first method, cellulose from biomass was converted to sugars using a 4% acid solution, followed by catalytic conversion with NaCl/CrCl3.6H2O. After a 1-h reaction at 131 °C in a high-pressure system, HMF was obtained from tea processing waste and hazelnut shells with yields of 8.6% (82.3 mg/g) and 6.7% (66.7 mg/g), respectively. The second method involved LiCl/NaCl-doped N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) as an ionic solvent system for HMF production. After a 2-h reaction at 131 °C in the DMA-NaCl/[EMIM]Cl ionic solvent system, HMF was obtained from tea processing waste and hazelnut shell celluloses with yields of 5.7% (57.5 mg/g) and 3.1% (31.3 mg/g), respectively. This study contributes to the economic conversion of various food wastes into valuable chemicals, highlighting the potential of lignocellulosic biomass in sustainable chemical production.

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  AtıfScopus2·WoS1·OpenAlex2

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• Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3/r/gumushane/14412
  Effect of Different Stabilizers and Rebaudioside A (Reb A) Sweetener on Quality Characteristics of Low-Calorie Orange Marmalade

  Öztürk, Şeyda; Baltacı, Cemalettin

  Low-calorie orange marmalade was produced using sugar and reb A (0.08%) or reb A-sugar free recipes with pectin (1%) and agar agar (AA) (1%) stabilizers. The physical, chemical, and sensory properties of the marmalades were evaluated. AA stabilizers increased the viscosity of the marmalades compared to pectin, but they did not affect samples with reb A. Low-calorie samples had higher L* and b* values and lower a* values than sugar-containing samples. Total sugar content in reb A samples was 8.30 to 9.28 g/100 g, and it was lower in agar samples produced in parallel with pectin. The hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) value was lower in sugar-free recipes (3.03 to 3.62) than in sugar-containing samples. Pectin-reb A samples had favorable taste, while AA-reb A samples favored consistency among reb A-containing samples.

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  AtıfScopus2·WoS1·OpenAlex3

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3/r/gumushane/14058
  Noise as a physical risk factor in furniture industry machines

  Yasar, Sekip Sadiye; Komut, Osman; Yasar, Mehmet; Fidan, Muhammed Said

  This study aimed to determine the risk level of noise, which is an important physical risk, in small and medium-sized furniture industry enterprises. The noise levels of the circular sawing machines, edge banding machines, and mitre cutting machines, which are among the main processing machines of the sector, were measured. The study was carried out in 32 furniture businesses. The possible risks of noise on the operators of the machines in question and other employees were evaluated. Noise level measurements were made with the help of TESTO 815 measuring device. Dunnett’s T3 test was used to detect differences in noise levels for machine operators and other employees. It was determined that the edge banding machine does not pose an occupational health and safety risk in terms of noise risk factors. However, the mitre cutting machine and the circular sawing machine pose a risk for the machine operator in active production by creating noise above the established exposure limit value. The mitre cutting machine carries the same risk for the machine operator when it is in operation but in passive production. The results revealed the need for personal protective equipment for machine operators for mitre cutting and circular sawing machine.

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  AtıfScopus2·WoS1·OpenAlex3

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• Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3/r/gumushane/12673
  Aflatoxin Detoxification by Biosynthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Green and Black Tea Extracts

  Gedikli, Hasan; Akdogan, Arda; Karpuz, Omer; Akmese, Osman; Kobya, Havva N.; Baltaci, Cemalettin

  Researchers have recently been interested in employing nanoparticles (NPs) obtained from herbal extracts through green synthesis for various applications. This study investigated the detoxification of aflatoxins, which are toxic substances produced by molds Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The present work examined the levels of aflatoxins in hazelnut and peanut puree. Turkish black tea extract (BTE), Turkish green tea extract (GTE), green synthesized black tea-based iron oxide nanoparticles (BTFeONPs), and green tea-based iron oxide nanoparticles (GTFeONPs) were produced for aflatoxin removal. Characterizations and various antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the tea extracts and iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) were investigated. The aflatoxin levels of hazelnut puree used for this study were 6.57 ± 0.06 µg/kg for aflatoxin B1 and 13.03 ± 0.16 µg/kg for total aflatoxin, whereas the aflatoxin levels of (AFLB1) peanut puree were 7.79 ± 0.15 µg/kg for AFLB1 and 15.21 ± 0.12 µg/kg for total aflatoxin. Using soluble BTE resulted in a 40 to 50% decrease in aflatoxin levels in hazelnut and peanut purees, while soluble GTE led to a 30 to 45% decrease. Meanwhile, using BTFeONPs and GTFeONPs resulted in a 33 to 48% and 40 to 50% decrease, respectively, in aflatoxin levels in hazelnut and peanut purees.

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  AtıfScopus11·WoS10·OpenAlex10

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3/r/gumushane/11481
  Effect of Nano Particulate Preservation Materials on the Combustion Temperatures of the Wood

  Yasar, Sekip Sadiye; Cicek, Eyup; Yasar, Mehmet

  It is acknowledged that boron, ammonium, and nitrogenous compounds, which are used today as fire retardants, cause an increase in the hygroscopicity of wood materials. In this study, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), and Eastern spruce (Picea orientalis Link) woods were impregnated with 1.5% nano-sized hexagonal boron nitride (NB) according to ASTM D1413-76 (1976) standards. Flame-induced combustion (FIC), self-combustion (SC), and glowing combustion (GC) temperatures were determined. The highest retention amount was measured in spruce and the lowest was in chestnut among the wood samples taken for testing and measurement. When compared with the control samples, NB application caused an increase in SC and FIC temperatures (at higher rates). According to the glowing combustion temperature control samples, an increase was observed in chestnut and spruce and a decrease was observed in Scots pine among the samples applied with NB.

  AtıfScopus1·WoS1

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