Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/10592
  Building Resilience in Global Tourism: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Indicators for Sustainable Development

  Erol, Ismail; Dogru, Tarik; Oztel, Ahmet; Bilgihan, Anil; Peker, Iskender; Neuhofer, Irem Onder

  The primary perspective of this study is the global tourism industry (GTI) as an interconnected supply chain network, encompassing both tourism firms (e.g., hotels, airlines, and operators) and destinations (e.g., local communities and ecosystems). This industry-level focus allows for analyzing resilience indicators that bridge firm-specific capabilities with destination-wide vulnerabilities, rather than isolating one over the other. Using a mixed-method approach, this research conceptualizes resilience through various management theories. First, it identifies critical resilience indicators across institutional, societal, economic, and ecological dimensions. Second, these indicators are analyzed with a novel Spherical Fuzzy Interpretive Structural Modeling and Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification framework, utilizing expert opinions to uncover complex interdependencies among indicators. The findings of this study highlight that effective government policies, robust incentive mechanisms, advanced digital infrastructure, dynamic capabilities, and ecologically sustainable tourism practices are key drivers of resilience. However, socioeconomic impacts, tourist satisfaction, and price competitiveness emerge as highly dependent outcomes influenced by these drivers. This study also introduces the Adaptive Global-Local Interaction Theory, a new framework that integrates global influences with local realities to enhance tourism resilience. By offering a comprehensive framework and practical guidelines, this research equips policymakers and stakeholders with actionable strategies to bolster the industry's capacity to anticipate, adapt to, and recover from crises, promoting sustainable development amidst volatile global conditions.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13653
  Towards Sustainable Environment in OECD Nations: The Moderator Role of Renewable Energy in Uncovering the Hidden Link Between Military Expenditure and Ecological Footprint

  Ayaydın, Hasan; Ergün, Tolga; Ergün, Hilal Ok; Barut, Abdulkadir; Pilatin, Abdulmuttalip

  This study examines the relationships among military spending, renewable energy (RNW), globalisation, economic growth, and ecological footprint in 35 OECD member countries, using data covering 1990–2022. Specifically, this study contributes to this discussion by presenting empirical evidence on the link between military expenditure and ecological footprint, while accounting for the moderating role of RNW in OECD countries. The analysis utilised Kao, Pedroni, and Westerlund cointegration tests, Driscoll-Kraay robust standard error tests, Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality tests, and FMOLS and DOLS techniques for robustness verification. Empirical results show that military spending in OECD countries increases the ecological footprint, leading to environmental degradation. Furthermore, the combined effect of military expenditure and RNW reduces the ecological footprint and contributes to environmental sustainability. The results contribute to the existing literature by underlining the role RNW plays in reducing the ecological footprint of military expenditures and by offering policy recommendations for environmental sustainability. From a managerial and policy perspective, the findings suggest that defense-related institutions and policymakers should integrate environmental sustainability criteria into military planning and procurement strategies. Increasing the use of renewable energy in military infrastructure, logistics, and defense technologies may significantly reduce the ecological footprint associated with military expenditure. Therefore, the transition toward renewable energy supported defense systems can serve as a strategic tool for aligning national security objectives with sustainable development goals.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/12270
  The Impact of Financial Stability, Globalization, and Economic Stability on Ecological Footprint From the Perspective of EKC Hypothesis: New Evidence From a Fourier Panel Data Analysis for BRICS-T Countries

  Sancar, Canan; Akbaş, Yusuf Ekrem; Suluk, Seher; Atay Polat, Melike; Aslan, Alper

  The Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, which states that the increase in growth up to a certain income level increases environmental pollution and the increase in growth after reaching this income level decreases environmental pollution, has recently started to be investigated by including economic development and financial development in the framework of this hypothesis to better investigate the hypothesis. This study aims to investigate the impact of financial stability, economic stability, globalization, energy use, and growth on the ecological footprint in Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkey. In addition, the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is also tested while examining this relationship. The Panel Fourier approach is applied to test these relationships in Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkey over the period 1996–2022. The coefficient estimation results show that economic stability, economic globalization, growth, and energy use have a positive impact on the ecological footprint in Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkey, but financial stability reduces the ecological footprint. Moreover, an inverted-N relationship was found between economic growth and pollution in these countries, which means that the Environmental Kuznets Curve is invalid in these countries in the relevant period. The results obtained from causality analysis support the results of coefficient estimation. Accordingly, a unidirectional causality was found from explanatory variables to the ecological footprint in most of Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkey.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/12185
  Tourism in a Warming World: Climate Change and Inbound Expenditure in Leading Tourism Economies

  Kömürcüoğlu, Ömer Faruk; Kömürcüoğlu, Elif Duygu; Hayaloğlu, Pınar

  Climate change is a global risk reshaping tourism through destination attractiveness, service continuity, and travel risk perception. Yet tourism research has largely focused on traditional determinants such as income, price competition, and global integration, while multidimensional evidence on climate impacts remains limited. This study examines the link between climate change and tourism inbound expenditure in 12 leading tourism economies over 2004–2019. Climate change is measured using a PCA-based index combining per capita CO2 emissions with temperature and precipitation volatility. This approach captures both average climate conditions and fluctuations in the climate regime. MMQR is employed to account for heterogeneous effects, with economic size, exchange rate, and globalization included as controls. Results show that increases in the climate change index significantly reduce tourism inbound expenditure. Robustness is confirmed by PCSE and FGLS estimators, while causal linkages are assessed using the HPJ test. By showing that multidimensional climate pressure constrains the expenditure performance of major tourism economies, the study extends the application of destination resilience theory to a macroeconomic setting. It also highlights the need to integrate climate adaptation, resilient infrastructure, and ecosystem protection into sustainable tourism planning.

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