Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleYalnız künye2023/r/gumushane/10664
  Managers' dispositions toward formal contracts: A cross-country examination

  Stefanidis, Abraham; Banai, Moshe; Newburry, William; Fainshmidt, Stav; Richter, Ulf Henning; Schinzel, Ursula; Kong, Yin; Erkus, Ahmet; Shakirova, Svetlana; Ozbek, Mehmet Ferhat

  This study integrates institutional and dispositional theories to develop a multilevel model predicting that managers' endorsement of formal contracts increases with the quality of formal institutions. This effect is contingent upon managerial dispositions of ethical idealism and interpersonal trust, which provide a morally driven override of uncertainty and a substitute source of certainty in business practices, respectively. We test our arguments on hand-collected data from 3,652 manager-negotiators in 16 countries. We find that managers endorse formal contracts when they are embedded in contexts with high quality contract enforcement institutions, but this effect diminishes substantially among ethically idealistic managers. These results suggest that an understanding of managers' reliance on formal contracts requires multilevel theory informed by how managerial dispositions interact with the formal institutional context.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2022/r/gumushane/11802
  A multi-stage decision making model for determining a suitable innovation structure using an open innovation approach

  Yildirim, Ercan; AR, Ilker Murat; Dabić, Marina; Baki, Birdogan; Peker, Iskender

  This study seeks to form an end-to-end analysis of Open Innovation stages, developing a three-part consecutive multi-stage decision making model for a suitable innovation structure by linking the processes used to determine the innovation type (open, closed), the OI type (inbound, outbound, coupled), and the collaboration type (science-based, market-based). The decision-making criteria for the OI stage are determined by academic literature and finalized by Delphi technique. The criteria for relationships are determined through expert evaluation. The Fuzzy Analytic Network Process is applied in order to determine the weights and rankings. The most important criterion to consider when choosing the innovation type is open innovation awareness. For the OI type, the most important criterion is knowledge acquisition and, for collaboration, it is network building. This approach allows us to predict the potential risks or costs of the OI process and the possibility of decision errors can thus be reduced.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2018/r/gumushane/10461
  The effects of ownership concentration and institutional distance on the foreign entry ownership strategy of Turkish MNEs

  Ilhan-Nas, Tulay; Okan, Tarhan; Tatoglu, Ekrem; Demirbag, Mehmet; Glaister, Keith W.

  We investigate how ownership concentration and institutional distance both directly influence the equity-based ownership strategies of a sample of Turkish MNEs, and also how institutional differences moderate the link between ownership concentration and the equity-based ownership strategies of these firms. The findings suggest that neither ownership concentration nor institutional distance significantly affects the level of equity ownership. Although institutional distance variables have no direct effects on equity ownership, they tend to moderate the relationships between the ownership concentration and foreign equity ownership strategy of Turkish MNEs. In particular, we provide evidence that the regulative and normative dimensions of institutional distance affect the strength of the relationships between equity ownership strategy of MNEs and ownership concentration more so than the cognitive dimension of institutional distance.

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