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Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13856
  Identification of patulin-producing Penicillium isolates from decayed apples, their patulin production profiles, and the feasibility of high-purity patulin preparation

  Dağ, Murat; Bozbeyoğlu, Pınar; Gül, Abdulkadir; Karpuz, Ömer; Baltacı, Cemalettin

  This study presents a combined evaluation of patulin contamination by integrating fungal identification, assessment of toxin production, and the feasibility of obtaining high-purity patulin from biological sources. Fungal isolates recovered from naturally decayed apples collected from different agricultural environments in Türkiye were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and morphological characteristics, and were assigned to Penicillium expansum at a probable species level. The patulin production potential of the isolates was evaluated by inoculating them onto red, yellow, and green apple matrices under controlled laboratory conditions over an extended incubation period. Quantitative analysis using HPLC–UV, supported by LC–MS/MS confirmation, revealed substantial variability in patulin levels (7.58–49.80 mg/kg) depending on both isolate and apple matrix. Higher patulin levels were generally observed in yellow apple tissues, whereas lower levels were detected in red apples, suggesting a possible influence of matrix-related compositional factors. In addition, patulin was isolated and enriched using column chromatography with TLC-guided fractionation, yielding a high-purity compound (98.8%) with low moisture content (0.21%). Structural identity was confirmed by LC–MS/MS analysis. Overall, the findings indicate that patulin production is influenced by strain-level variability and matrix-related factors. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the feasibility of producing high-purity patulin suitable for in-house analytical applications. However, the produced material should not be considered a certified reference material, and further validation would be required for broader analytical use.

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• Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13705
  Catalytic Nanocomposites in Oxidative on Adsorptive Delsulfurization Process: A Comprehensive Review

  Altuner, Elif Esra; Bozbeyoglu, Pinar; Özkan, Vildan; Ozkan, Abdullah

  Humanity's need for energy is an undeniable fact, and this reality is increasing day by day. To meet its growing energy needs, humanity has turned to fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are fuels derived from animal and plant fossils formed over millions of years. However, the excessive use of fossil fuels for energy needs has created a dangerous situation that threatens to deplete fossil fuel reserves. Furthermore, the burning of fossil fuels releases toxic emissions. These emissions cause serious health problems for living organisms and also harm the ecosystem. These gases include sulfate (SO2) and sulfur derivatives, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxide derivatives (NOx). This chapter focuses on catalytic techniques using nanocomposite materials for the removal of SO2 and sulfur derivatives, with detailed references to relevant sources. SO2 and sulfur gases are harmful gases released by the combustion of fossil fuels. Nanocomposite production methods include sol- gel formation, gel shaping, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and physical vapor deposition (PVD), layered production, electrospinning, mechanical and ultrasonic techniques, additive manufacturing, and melting mixture. Desulfurization processes using these methods are as follows: (i) oxidative desulfurization, photocatalytic desulfurization, and absorptive- catalytic desulfurization. All techniques are explained with references to the relevant sources. This chapter provides theoretically important information for researchers working on nanotechnological catalytic studies in desulfurization.

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• Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13660
  Bio-based and Biodegradable Nanocomposites for Clean Energy Applications

  Bozbeyoglu, Pinar; Altuner, Elif Esra

  The growing global demand for energy and the environmental concerns associated with fossil fuels have accelerated the search for sustainable alternatives. Bio-based and biodegradable nanocomposites represent a new generation of materials that combine ecological compatibility with superior mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of bio-based polymer matrices (such as PLA, PHA, PBS, PEF, PVA, and natural polymers like cellulose, chitosan, and lignin) and their integration with nanofillers, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, TiO2, ZnO, and nanoclay. The synergistic effects of these hybrid structures are discussed in the context of clean energy technologies, such as solar cells, fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, and piezoelectric nanogenerators. In addition, the chapter highlights green synthesis routes, characterization methods, life cycle assessment (LCA), and industrial perspectives, emphasizing how nanocomposite design bridges performance enhancement with environmental sustainability.

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• Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13613
  Artificial Intelligence Nanocomposite Synergy for Next-Generation Fuel Desulfurization

  Kostas, Rabia Yasa; Bozbeyoglu, Pinar; Altuner, Elif Esra; Elmas, Muzaffer

  Fuel desulfurization is crucial due to the harmful effects of acid rain, air pollution, and health issues associated with sulfur compounds from fossil fuel combustion. Stricter international regulations require reducing sulfur content in fuels to ultra- low levels (<15 ppm), which current hydrodesulfurization (HDS) technology struggles to achieve due to high energy costs and inefficiencies with refractory aromatic sulfur compounds, such as dibenzothiophene (DBT). This gap in technology is driving the development of new solutions. This study explores the integration of materials science, chemical engineering, and artificial intelligence (AI) to meet ultra- low sulfur targets. It highlights alternative strategies, such as adsorptive (ADS) and oxidative (ODS) desulfurization, using advanced nanocomposite materials, including MetalOrganic Frameworks (MOFs), graphene hybrids, and zeolites. These innovative materials focus on “precision targeting” and “molecular recognition,” offering greater efficiency under milder conditions compared to traditional HDS methods AI and computational science are crucial for identifying the most suitable materials among a vast array of candidates. Combining Density Functional Theory (DFT) with Machine Learning (ML) accelerates material discovery by transitioning from a trial- and- error approach to an “inverse design” method. Successful AI tools, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs), have been proven effective in optimising desulfurization processes through real- world examples. In summary, achieving cleaner fuels requires innovative materials guided by AI. The study also addresses the challenges of scaling this interdisciplinary approach and envisions the potential for transforming desulfurization from a cost centre into a profit centre through precise molecular separation.

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• Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13560
  Plant-Mediated Synthesis of Functional Nanocomposites for Clean Energy and Environmental Sustainability

  Özkan, Abdullah; Özkan, Vildan; Bozbeyoğlu, Pınar; Altuner, Elif Esra

  Plant-mediated synthesis has emerged as a sustainable method for producing functional nanocomposites with diverse applications, including clean energy, photocatalysis, electrochemical storage, and environmental cleanup. This approach differs from traditional chemical processes, which often require harsh conditions; instead, plant-derived systems combine reduction, nucleation, stabilization, and assembly in a single reaction environment. Phytochemicals such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and proteins act as both reducing agents and structure-directing agents, enabling the formation of various materials under gentle conditions.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13542
  Green Synthesis of Multifunctional Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles Using Vitis labrusca L. Extract: Bioactivity, Malachite Green Adsorption, and HMF Removal

  Hammoudeh, Rama; Bozbeyoğlu, Pınar; Karpuz, Ömer; Gül, Abdulkadir; Ejder, Nebahat; Baltacı, Cemalettin

  In this study, Ag/ZnO nanoparticles (Ag/ZnO NPs) were synthesized via a green route using Vitis labrusca L. extract and evaluated for their bioactive, environmental performance. BM-1 and BM-2 were prepared under different precursor/extract ratios and pH conditions to assess the influence of synthesis parameters. UV–Vis, FT-IR, XRD, HRTEM, DSC, and EDX analyses indicated the successful formation of Ag/ZnO nanostructures with distinct physicochemical features. HRTEM analysis determined that BM-1 exhibited an average particle diameter of 23.18 ± 11.84 nm, while BM-2 demonstrated a mean size of 6.14 ± 1.30 nm. The corresponding relative size-dispersion values were 0.261 for BM-1 and 0.045 for BM-2, indicating a more uniform particle size distribution for BM-2. Antioxidant assays showed that BM-2 exhibited the strongest overall antioxidant performance in DPPH, ABTS•⁺, Fe3+, and Cu2+ assays. Both NPs exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and showed stronger effects than the grape extract alone. Cytotoxicity assays revealed dose-dependent inhibition in A549 and HeLa cancer cells, while lower toxicity was observed in normal ARPE-19 cells, suggesting cell-type-dependent biological response. In adsorption experiments, the NPs effectively removed malachite green, with isotherm analysis providing stronger support for the Langmuir model for BM-1 and comparable Langmuir and Freundlich fits for BM-2, while the pseudo-second-order model provided the best description of the adsorption kinetics. The maximum dye adsorption capacities were 85.5 mg/g for BM-1 and 101.3 mg/g for BM-2. Under optimum conditions (5.0 g/L NPs, 240 min), the highest HMF removal efficiencies reached 44.49% for BM-2 in standard aqueous solutions, whereas competitive matrix interactions in apple juice limited the maximum efficiency to 29.27%. Overall, this study highlights the value of integrating green synthesis, bioactivity, dye adsorption, and food-related contaminant removal within a single Ag/ZnO nanoplatform.

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• Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/12300
  Green-Synthesized Nanocomposites for Sustainable Fuel Desulfurization: Advances and Challenges

  Ozkan, Abdullah; Ozkan, Vildan; Bozbeyoglu, Pinar; Altuner, Elif Esra

  The mounting global demand for energy signifies that we must depend on fossil fuels, which engenders environmental degradation and precipitates the emission of substantial quantities of sulfur oxides (SOx). Protecting themselves from environmental pollution is a top priority for many countries. Proper removal of sulfur- containing compounds from fossil fuels is becoming a major focus. Fuels such as diesel, fuel oil, and gasoline are particularly important in this regard. Fuels such as diesel, fuel oil, and gasoline are particularly important in this regard. The numerous negative consequences of traditional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) methods are what researchers focus on, and these methods are limited. Some examples of these negative effects include higher costs, the use of too much pressure and temperature, and using too much hydrogen. Scientific studies show that biosourced nanocomposite materials are good for desulfurization methods because they can reduce the potential negative consequences. Using raw materials such as microorganisms, biopolymers, and plant extracts is one of the most important ways to increase energy efficiency and eliminate chemical emissions. The large surface areas, enhanced active site homogeneity, and diverse functional groups of nanocomposite materials obtained from such biosourced raw materials make them promising candidates for use in adsorptive and oxidative desulfurization processes. Metal- metal oxide (Fe, Ni, Cu, TiO2) and carbon- based (graphene, carbon nanotube, and biochar- supported) nanocomposites are particularly preferred for achieving high sulfur removal with low energy consumption. The provision of information on the production methods, chemical properties, sulfur removal methods, and recent scientific research on biosourced nanocomposites is the purpose of this section. In addition, the environmental benefits, economic benefits, and potential roles of biosourced materials in alternative energy systems are discussed.

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• Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/12287
  Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Design and Optimization of BioNanocomposites for Biomedical and Environmental Applications

  Bozbeyoglu, Pinar; Kostas, Rabia Yasa; Altuner, Elif Esra; Elmas, Muzaffer

  Bio-nanocomposites, produced from renewable resources, stand out as one of the promising next-generation material classes for both biomedical and environmental applications due to their biocompatible and biodegradable structures.However, the vast and complex design space of these materials, which depends on numerous variables including the type of biopolymer matrix and the type and concentration of the nanostructured filler, makes their optimization quite challenging with traditional “trial-and-error” based research methods.This study provides a general overview of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based methodology that holds the potential to overcome this complexity.In this context, the limitations of the traditional “forward screening” approach are discussed, and the “inverse design” paradigm, based on the idea of “designing a material with desired properties,” is proposed as a solution.The study outlines the potential roles of various AI tools in this field, from supervised learning models to deep learning approaches and optimisation algorithms.This theoretical framework is substantiated by practical case studies that range from drug delivery to sustainable packaging.The case studies demonstrate how AI not only enables the prediction of properties but also facilitates strategically developing materials for a particular function, thereby accelerating the discovery process.Finally, current challenges, such as data scarcity and the interpretability of models, are addressed, and future visions to overcome these obstacles, including physics-informed AI, autonomous discovery platforms, and human-AI partnerships, are discussed.It is concluded that this synergy has the capacity to stimulate a new era of innovation in sustainable materials science.

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• Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/12126
  Smart Nanocarriers and AI-Driven Release Systems for Targeted Antibiotic Delivery

  Kostas, Rabia Yasa; Bozbeyoglu, Pinar; Altuner, Elif Esra; Elmas, Muzaffer

  The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis is not merely a consequence of the emergence ofresistant pathogens. Furthermore, the remaining shortcomings oftraditional antibiotic production and development processes have become a profound health threat, exacerbated by their pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic limitations. This book chapter redefines the AMR crisis as a problem of drug and treatment discovery as well as drug delivery to target tissues, and examines the technological angle emerging at the intersection of nanotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI) in response to this problem. This review begins by examining the problems inherent in traditional antibiotic architecture, such as systemic toxicity, low bioavailability, poor stability, and, most importantly, the inability to penetrate protected sites such as bacterial biofilms or intracellular bunkers. Copyright © 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. Use of this publication to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/19780
  Production of Pure PVC, Graphene and Carbon Nanotube-Doped PVC Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes: A Highly Effective Method for Removing Acid Blue 74 Dye from Wastewater

  Bozbeyoglu, Pinar; Ozkan, Vildan

  Dyeing wastewater is produced by various industries, including textiles, cosmetics, tanning, and plastics. Annually, about 1.6 million tons of dyes are manufactured, with 10-15% released into the environment as wastewater. Organic dyes are particularly harmful pollutants, even at low concentrations. The adsorption technique has proven effective for removing these pollutants from water, significantly relying on the properties and efficiency of the adsorbent. Nanofibers are emerging as promising adsorbents for dye removal due to their unique properties and high efficiency. This research focuses on polymeric nanofibers to address global dye pollution, as they effectively eliminate various dyes and contaminants. However, their mechanical properties can be a limitation under harsh conditions. To enhance their strength and hydrophilicity, incorporating nanofillers like carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide has shown significant benefits. This study examines the impact of different nanofibers on the adsorption of Acid Blue 74 (AB74) dye. Pure, carbon nanotube-doped, and graphene-doped PVC nanofibers were produced via electrospinning. Their properties were analyzed using FTIR and SEM, while key parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, dye concentration, and pH were assessed to understand the adsorption behavior. Additionally, dye adsorption isotherms and kinetics were investigated.

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