Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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Araştırmacılar(4)

• Akçay, Osman
• Kaya, Dilek
• Köse, Mehmet Derviş
• Sarı, Mahmut

• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13834
  Machine learning-based multi-class classification of rock mass permeability using integrated geotechnical and geophysical parameters

  Sari, Mahmut; Alemdag, Selcuk; Melek, Mesut; Seren, Aysel

  In engineering applications, machine learning (ML) provides a promising approach when direct characterization of subsurface properties is challenging, time-consuming, and costly. This study developed a multi-class ML framework for classifying rock mass permeability based on Lugeon values using 86 observations from drilling and geophysical investigations at the Kırklartepe dam site in Bayburt, Türkiye. Seven predictors were considered: depth, Rock Quality Designation (RQD), joint frequency, Schmidt hammer hardness, P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, and electrical resistivity. The observations were assigned to four permeability classes: very low, low, moderate, and high. Six classifiers were evaluated: Polynomial Kernel Support Vector Machine (P-SVM), Linear Discriminant Analysis, k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), AdaBoostM2, Bagged Trees, and Radial Basis Function SVM. Sequential Forward Feature Selection and Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation were used for feature selection and model evaluation, respectively. Robustness was further assessed using bootstrap confidence intervals, class-imbalance treatments, feature-selection stability, and learning curves. Among the baseline models, P-SVM using all seven predictors achieved the highest accuracy (79.07%), with a macro-F1 of 0.774 and the lowest Golden Distance (GD = 0.4372). When balanced class-wise performance was prioritized, k-NN with in-fold SMOTE achieved the lowest overall GD (0.4126) and a macro-F1 of 0.777. S-wave velocity and electrical resistivity were the most influential predictors. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the proposed framework effectively integrates geotechnical and geophysical data for rock mass permeability classification, providing a robust, data-driven decision-support approach that supports subsurface characterization and complements conventional permeability assessment in engineering applications.

  İncele
• BildiriYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13531
  Dynamic Analysis of a High-Rise Building Under Near-Fault and Far-Fault Loads Considering Soil-Structure Interaction

  Kaya, Dilek; Cakir, Tufan; Ozturk, Kasif Furkan

  Earthquakes that have occurred in our country and various countries around the world over the past 30 years have clearly indicated that the complex relationship between the soil, structure, and earthquake requires further research. This situation has shown that building behavior under dynamic loads can vary depending on parameters such as structural geometry, foundation soil system characteristics, and earthquake characteristics. Due to the fact that near-fault movements contain higher accelerations and higher velocity components compared to far-fault movements, high-rise structures may exhibit relatively more sensitive behavior under such loads and may be negatively affected by these earthquake contents. In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate the dynamic behavior of a 12-story building system under near-fault and far-fault ground motions, taking into account different soil properties. To this end, three-dimensional finite element models were first created for the 12-story building system, considering both fixed and flexible foundation conditions. Modal analyses were performed using finite element models created with ANSYS software, and the obtained mode periods were compared with those obtained from analytical models. Subsequently, the dynamic behavior of the 12-story building system was investigated using relative displacement, stress, and acceleration responses obtained from time-domain analyses conducted for different soil systems and fixed foundation conditions. Comparisons of the dynamic responses showed that the structural dynamic responses could be influenced not only by the soil-structure interaction system but also by nearby and distant fault earthquakes.

  İncele
• DüzeltmeAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/10298
  Discontinuity characterization for slope stability assessment using combined aerial photogrammetry, and geophysics approach (Oct, 10.1007/s11069-024-06932-3, 2024)

  Junaid, Muhammad; Abdullah, Rini Asnida; Ullah, Arshad; Sa'ari, Radzuan; Mahmood, Sajid; Rehman, Hafeezur; Rehman, Safi ur; Sari, Mahmut

  In this article the author’s name Mahmut Sari was incorrectly written as Mahmut Saari. The original article has been corrected.

  İncele
• MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2025/r/gumushane/14273
  Discontinuity characterization for slope stability assessment using combined aerial photogrammetry, and geophysics approach

  Junaid, Muhammad; Abdullah, Rini Asnida; Ullah, Arshad; Sa’ari, Radzuan; Mahmood, Sajid; Rehman, Hafeezur; Rehman, Safi ur; Sari, Mahmut

  An expeditious and precise slope stability assessment approach is required to mitigate the personnel and economic losses due slope failure disaster. This study successfully determines various discontinuity properties such as degree of fracturing, discontinuities orientation and persistence using combine unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and 2D electrical resistivity tomography (2D ERT) to evaluate the stability of the slope. The discontinuity orientations govern the various modes of failure such as planar, wedge, and flexure toppling. Whereas the degree of fracturing of the rock mass evaluates the quality of the rock mass using Rock Quality Designation (RQD) index. In addition, the persistence is defined as the extent to which the discontinuity on exposed surface rock intruded inside the rock mass. The 3D point cloud from UAV images allows to obtain the discontinuity orientations to analyse the potential failure at the site. The upper portion of the slope has no risk of planar and wedge failure, whereas 20% of the discontinuities are favourable for flexure toppling. In contrast, at the lower section of the slope 1.04%, 4.86% and 20% discontinuities are prone to planar, wedge and flexure failure respectively. At the same time the RQD index obtained via UAV survey reveals that the respectively area covered by very poor, poor, fair, good, and excellent rock were 7 m2, 3904 m2, 38,775 m2, 42,943 m2, 1546 m2. The ERT survey enable to estimate the area covered by poor, fair, good and excellent rock were 4 m2, 1650 m2, 2592 m2, 27,729 m2, and 55,200 m2, respectively. Both the UAV and 2D ERT survey shows the poor-quality rock in the north-east of the slope that reveals that the discontinuities are extended inside the rock mas. This study, therefore, conclude that the combined 2D ERT and UAV approach is efficient and expeditious approach for comprehensive slope stability assessment.

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/gumushane/20068
  Gümüşhane ilinde deprem ivme ve manyetik alan istasyonlarının kurulumu ve işletilmesi

  Öztürk, Serkan; Maden, Nafiz; Beker, Yasemin; Sari, Mahmut; Pehlivan, Levent

  Bu çalışmada, Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu (KAFZ) üzerinde meydana gelen bir depremden Gümüşhane ilinin etkilenme derecesini belirlemek üzere deprem ivme kayıt cihazlarının yerleştirilmesi ve Güneşte meydana gelen fırtınalar nedeniyle yer Manyetik alanındaki değişimleri gözlemlemek amacıyla 3 bileşen Flux-Gate manyetometrenin kurulumu amaçlanmıştır. Deprem ivme kayıt cihazlarının (3 adet); Gümüşhane ili için önem taşıyan Karaca Mağarası ve Kürtün hidroelektrik santrali ile KAFZ’na yakınlığından dolayı Şiran MYO’na kurulması uygun görülmüştür. Flux-gate Manyetometresi ise Gümüşhane Merkez ilçede kurulmuştur. KAFZ üzerinde meydana gelen bir depremden Kelkit, Şiran ve Köse ilçeleri daha çok etkilenirken Torul ve Kürtün ilçeleri daha az etkilenmektedir. Gümüşhane’nin 17 km kuzeybatısında yer alan Karaca Mağarası bölgemizin önemli turizm merkezlerinden birisidir. Kürtün ilçesinde, Harşit nehri üzerinde kurulu olan Kürtün Hidroelektrik santrali enerji amaçlı olarak hizmet vermesi yanında baraj gölü üzerinde balık üretimine ve su sporları yapılmasına imkân sunmaktadır. Güneşte aniden gelişen çok şiddetli patlamalar dünyaya ulaştıklarında elektrik ve iletişim hatlarını kesilebilmekte, radyo haberleşmesinde bozulmalara ve radyasyona sebep olmaktadır. Gümüşhane kurşun, çinko, bakır, altın ve gümüş gibi değerli metaller açısından oldukça yüksek bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu tür maden yataklarının belirlenmesinde Jeofizik yöntemlerden bir tanesi olan Manyetik yöntem oldukça başarılı bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bu yöntemde arazide ölçü alınırken yer manyetik alanının sürekli kaydedilmesine hizmet edecektir.

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/gumushane/14343
  Geophysical and numerical approaches to solving the mechanisms of landslides triggered by earthquakes: A case study of Kahramanmaraş (6 February, 2023)

  Sari, Mahmut

  Many landslides occurred in the 11 Turkish provinces affected by the earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaraş in February 2023, and many people lost their lives due to those landslides. To reduce the risks and hazards brought on by landslides induced by earthquakes, it is essential to identify the mechanisms causing landslides to arise in such situations. In this study, the geological strength index and both seismic refraction tomography and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) geophysical methods were used to determine the failure mechanism of layered sedimentary units defined as flysch (claystone-siltstone-sandstone-marl). The shear strength reduction finite element method (SSR-FEM) was used with the RS2 computer program for model solutions. One of the geophysical methods, ERT, facilitated an interpretation of the cyclic failure mechanism that occurs in flysch, and it was found to be congruent with numerical models. Landslide slip circle depth, water-saturated layers, and resistivity values were determined with the ERT method. Seismic methods were employed to determine the velocity values (Vp, Vs) of the landslip mass. These velocity data, along with the elasticity modulus and Poisson ratios derived from them, were utilized in our numerical model. In the maximum shear strength and horizontal displacement analyses performed on the section line determined before the landslide, the natural state and the situation under the influence of groundwater were examined and the strength reduction factor (SRF) was determined as 1.35 and 1.24, respectively. In an evaluation conducted under the influence of the maximum horizontal ground acceleration (0.22 g) determined by taking into account the seismicity of the study area, it was concluded that instability occurred in the flysches and the SRF value was 0.72. An important finding of this study is that the results of geophysical methods used to determine the lithological properties of sedimentary rock masses and understand the causes of landslides align closely with those of numerical analysis methods, providing high accuracy. These methods also support new approaches, particularly in identifying landslip boundaries and detecting areas with high water saturation. It has been discovered that earthquakes actively contribute to the instability of these kinds of soils.

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/12810
  Detection of buried objects with different material properties by ground penetrating radar (GPR) method; [Farklı malzeme özelliklerine sahip gömülü nesnelerin yer radarı (GPR) yöntemiyle tespit edilmesi]

  Sari, Mahmut

  GPR which permits the capture of high-resolution subterranean data, has developed into a key geophysical technique for determining the depth, geometry, boundaries, and volumes of buried shallow objects. In this study, the detectability of the location, size, and physical property parameters of buried objects with the ground radar method was reveal ed by creating a laboratory environment in real field conditions. For this purpose, a realistic laboratory environment with a depth and length of 5 m was created on the filled soil material at the test site, and buried objects with different material properties were placed. In addition, by adding sand material to the middle part of the soil fill material in the test area, its situation in different layers was tried to be examined. GPR data were collected on the models using the RAMAC CU II system and a 500 MHz center frequency shield antenna. After processing the data, reflected/scattered electromagnetic (EM) wave fields on the radargram of a profile perpendicular to the buried objects were examined. In this way, the positions, sizes, physical properties (types) of buried objects along with their depths and their situations in different layer environments have been revealed. According to the results, the peak width of hyperbolas and the sizes of buried objects were determined on the processed radargrams. The types of buried objects and their situations in different layer environments are clearly revealed. The scattered wave field amplitudes of the plastic pipe (A and C regions) from the reflection coefficients are substantially lower than the scattered wave field amplitudes of the iron pipe (B region) from the buried objects. It is thought that the strong reflections extending from the C region to the deep on the radar are caused by the lead blocks in the plastic pipe.

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/12792
  Geographic information system approach in evaluating the geotechnical properties of soils: A case study of Oymaağaç in Kayseri; [Zeminlerin geoteknik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesinde coğrafi bilgi sistemi yaklaşımı: Kayseri Oymaağaç örneği]

  Acar, Mehmet Cemal; Kaya, Dilek

  Kayseri, the ninth biggest city in Turkey, the regions opened to the ongoing construction of residential areas are expanding rapidly parallel to population growth. Soil improvement works are carried out in areas with the poor bearing capacity of foundations and in regions that are not suitable for safe construction. This event causes severe economic losses in urban development. This study proposes a (Geographic Information System) GIS-based approach to comprehensively understand the research area's underground conditions, predetermine the zones opened for construction by considering the parameters affecting the foundation of the buildings, and create an informative geotechnical model with visualization technology. For an exemplary application, a database was created with ArcGIS in the Kayseri Oymaağaç location, and geological and geotechnical data were combined. The soil properties of this one million five hundred thousand square meter area opened for new settlement were analyzed in a GIS environment. The variation of SPT-N values measured in 60 boreholes in the field with depth, soil types, groundwater levels, and Vs data were used to combine the data, and related maps were drawn. Then, maps of the liquefaction of the soil in a possible earthquake and visual maps showing the bearing capacity of the foundations were created. This study will offer the best and most reliable land-use scenarios and in situ soil properties to decision-makers such as engineers, government agencies and disaster management. It will contribute to making accurate and fast decisions in urban planning. In addition, it will also be able to use as a tool for risk management in emergencies.

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  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/11896
  Evaluation of stability in rock-fill dams by numerical analysis methods: a case study (Gümüşhane-Midi Dam, Türkiye)

  Sari, Mahmut

  Serious stability issues could arise both during and after construction if the dams’ body designs are not realistically accurate. Engineering studies are therefore crucial for identifying the body’s instability prop-erties in designing the dam body. In this study, horizontal and vertical displacement and stress-deformation analyses were carried out on the body of the Midi Waste Dam located in Karamustafa Village of Gümüşhane Province. In these analyses, the elasticity modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the soil were determined using the seismic method, which is one of the commonly used geophysical methods. The cohesion and internal friction angle of the rock fill were determined by taking into account Leps’ charts. The state of the dam body under the influence of the siltation load and seismic load at the end of operation was shown by applying the finite element method. It was found that there was no instability issue with the researched dam because the safety numbers obtained from the stability study of the dam body were greater than the 1.2 safety number accepted for the stability of the dams (SRF: 2.03, SRF: 1.37). The maximum vertical displacement of the dam body at the foundation base was found as 3.78 cm, the horizontal displacement as 5.80 cm, and the total displacement amount as 6.75 cm when the dam body was examined in terms of displacements. In terms of the statics of the dam body, the vertical, horizontal, and total displacements estimated with the numerical analysis methods did not present a problem, and it was demonstrated that this scenario was also supported by the stability of the body in the applied analyses.

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2022/r/gumushane/14466
  Determination of rock quality designation (RQD) in metamorphic rocks: a case study (Bayburt-Kırklartepe Dam)

  Alemdag, Selcuk; Sari, Mahmut; Seren, Aysel

  The role and importance of rock mass classification systems from past to present in engineering designs are indisputable. Therefore, the correct estimation of the parameters that make up these systems is essential in terms of reliability, time, and economy. One of the crucial parameters commonly used in rock mass classification is the rock quality designation (RQD). This study aimed to indirectly estimate the RQD value determined from the core samples obtained from the exploration drillings. In this context, P wave velocity (Vp) was obtained by seismic refraction tomography (SRT) from the geophysical measurements applied in the metamorphic rock mass, and the discontinuity frequency parameter was obtained from the line survey studies carried out on the rock mass. What determined RQD values with the help of simple regression analyzes and empirical equations with high estimation capacity using Vp and discontinuity frequency parameters were obtained without drilling in the rock mass. Accordingly, the performance indexes of the equations produced by different researchers and the equations produced in this study were evaluated in determining the RQD parameter. In the generated equations, the highest coefficient of determination value depending on joint frequency and Vp wave velocity with RQD was calculated as R2 = 0.89 and R2 = 0.82, respectively. When the produced equations are evaluated according to the performance indexes, it is seen that the empirical equations obtained by previous studies have the highest root mean square error (RMSE) and values account for (VAF) values compared to the other equations and have very high estimation capacities. Thanks to the equations with high estimation capacity, the RQD value was determined depending on the joint density and Vp speeds.

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