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- MakaleAçık Erişim2026An ergogenic approach to enhancing performance in archery: the acute effects of caffeine
Türker, Ustun; Ates, Zeynep Hazal; Görgülü, Mumine; Kiyici, Fatih; Bayrakdaroglu, Serdar
Background and Study Aim Ergogenic aids are widely used to enhance exercise performance and training adaptations. Among these, caffeine is recognized for its stimulatory effects on the central nervous system and neuromuscular function. Despite their widespread use, the relative effectiveness of such aids in improving performance in precision-based target sports such as archery remains a matter of practical interest. This study aimed to examine the effects of acute caffeine supplementation on shooting performance in university-level archers. Material and Methods A total of 12 licensed university archers (mean age: 22.92 +/- 2.11 years) participated in this study. A single-group pretest-posttest experimental design was employed. Participants completed two laboratory sessions separated by 72 hours under standardized conditions. In each session, anthropometric and hearing assessments were conducted. This was followed by the ingestion of 200 mg of caffeine. After a 60-minute absorption period, archers performed shooting tests at 18 meters. The protocol included practice trials and 10 sets of scoring shots. Data were analyzed using paired-samples t-tests and repeated-measures ANOVA. These methods accounted for within-subject variability across sets. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. Results Posttest scores were consistently higher than pretest scores across most sets. Statistically significant improvements were observed in Sets 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, and 10 (p < .05). Sets 1, 5, and 7 showed nonsignificant differences. Overall performance increased significantly from 6.61 +/- 1.20 to 8.33 +/- 0.39 (p < .001), with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.90; eta 2 = .50). Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of condition (p < .001). No significant set or interaction effects were found. This indicates that performance improvements were consistent across shooting sets. Conclusions Acute caffeine supplementation was associated with improved shooting performance in university-level archers. The findings suggest that caffeine may have potential as an ergogenic aid in precision-oriented sports requiring sustained attention and performance consistency. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to methodological limitations. These include the absence of a control condition and the small sample size. Further randomized placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm and extend these findings.
- MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ3Comparing the effects of dietary sugars on cognitive performance and reaction time: A randomized, placebo- controlled and double-blind experimental trial
Yılmaz, Hacı Ömer; Meriç, Çağdaş Salih; Yabancı Ayhan, Nurcan
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of acute intake dietary sugars on cognitive performance and reaction time. This study was, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind experimental design, conducted with 75 healthy adults. At the beginning of the study, the participants (36 male, 39 female; 21.6 ± 1.3 years of age; body mass index: 21.59 ± 1.94 kg/m2) were randomly divided into equal five groups (n:15) (glucose (10 g), fructose (10 g), sucrose (10 g), saccharin (0.24 g), placebo), and received dietary sugars dissolved in 200 mL of water. Cognitive performance was determined with Cancelation Test, and the Simple Response Time and Ruler Drop Tests were used in order to response and reaction time of participants, respectively. General score of cognitive performance (0.93 ± 0.1), reaction (295 ± 20 ms), and response (204 ms) were highest in glucose and lowest in placebo (0.63 ± 0.1; 368 ± 22 ms; 251 ms, respectively) (p <.001). Saccharin groups had a higher reaction (312 ± 22 ms) and response (216 ms) time score compared to consumed fructose (316 ± 39; 227 ms), sucrose (354 ± 26; 246 ms), and placebo (368 ± 22; 251 ms) groups, respectively (p <.001). These findings show that differences in the absorption pattern and sweetness levels of sugar types may have different effects on cognitive performance and reaction time.
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İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ2A comparative study of cognitive function and reaction time in obese and non-obese adults
Yılmaz, Hacı Ömer; Şahin, Kezban; Ayvaz, Hilal
Objective: Obesity may negatively affect the physical health and cognitive functions of individuals and delay their reaction time to stimuli. However, the association among obesity, cognitive functions, and reaction times is yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of obesity on cognitive functions and visual and auditory reaction times in adults. Methods: Data of 100 participants (50 obese and 50 normal) were analyzed in the study. Anthropometric parameters and 24-h dietary recall data were recorded. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to evaluate the cognitive functions, Simple Reaction Time Task (SRTT)-Visual and SRTT-Auditory were used to assess visual and auditory reaction times of the participants, respectively. Results: The mean MoCA score of the obese was significantly lower than normal (17.46 and 25.22, respectively; p < 0.001). In addition, the mean auditory (p < 0.001) and visual (p < 0.05) reaction times of obese were significantly longer than normal. Similarly, this condition was also observed for the fastest and lowest values of auditory and visual reaction times. Additionally, obesity caused a decrease in the MoCA score (β = -0.762; p < 0.001) and delayed visual (β = 0.423; p < 0.001) and auditory (β = 0.590; p < 0.001) reactions. The negative effect of obesity was maintained after controlling for potential factors (MoCA, β = -0.594; p < 0.001; SRTT-Auditory, β = 0.409; p < 0.01; SRTT-Visual, β = 0.330; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Obese participants showed worse cognitive, auditory and visual performance. Additional research will be necessary in the future to shed light on the fundamental mechanisms involved.
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