Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
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- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2Foreign Direct Investment and Growth Impact on Pollution in the EU Countries: Empirical Analysis of the EKC and Pollution Halo Hypothesis
Pilatin, Abdulmuttalip; Ayaydın, Hasan; Soto, Gonzalo Hernández; Pala, Fahrettin
Foreign direct investment inflows are an important factor in the development of countries. Rising FDI can cause unexpected environmental consequences by changing technology use or energy consumption. The study examined the relationships between fossil energy consumption, carbon emission rate, and FDI for 27 European Union countries in the period 2006–2021. In addition, for the first time in this study, EU countries were divided into two according to their income levels and re-analysed. Panel data method and robust Driscoll and Kraay (1998) estimator were used in empirical analyses. The research findings show that a one-unit increase in FDI across EU countries results in a 0.055% increase in GDP and fossil fuel consumption, respectively, and a −0.155% decrease in pollution. These results support the pollution halo hypothesis, which posits that foreign direct investment reduces environmental degradation. The research findings support the pollution halo hypothesis, which states that FDI reduces environmental degradation. It also confirms that the EKC hypothesis, which states that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between pollution and GDP, is valid in 27 EU countries. However, it has been determined that the pollution haven hypothesis is valid in low-income EU countries. Low-income EU countries should encourage more foreign investment in technology-intensive and environmentally friendly areas and develop various environmental regulations in this direction. The results obtained from the research are expected to provide benefits and insights to policy makers, researchers, and industrialists to increase environmental awareness. The results suggest that low-income EU countries should encourage technology-intensive and environmentally friendly investments, improve green financing and investment conditions, and develop regulations to strengthen environmental standards, so that they can limit environmental degradation while preserving the general welfare-enhancing benefits of FDI.
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İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2025The Impact of Nuclear Energy on Environmental, Economic, and Agricultural Dynamics: New Evidence for More Sustainability
Akar, Gokhan; Akyol, Hikmet; Saritas, Tufan
The extremes caused by climate change threaten the economic and agricultural future of nations. This research examined the impact of NE (nuclear energy) on CO2, GDP and Agro-Production Indices (API) for 24 developed and developing countries. The results of the research showed that the variables are cointegrated in the long run. The estimated results of FMOLS and AMG revealed that the use of NE reduces CO2 and increases environmental quality. In this context, our results show that NE contributes to environmental, economic and agricultural sustainability. We found that oil consumption negatively affects all API, and renewable energy (RE) consumption negatively affects agricultural and food production indices. Causality analyses showed that NE policies are compatible with environmental and RE policies. Therefore, the use of NE can play a crucial role in the transition to clean energy in research countries and in the adaptation of the agricultural sector to RE sources. In these countries, it is important to encourage policies that will reduce the dependence of the agricultural sector on fossil fuel consumption and reduce costs in the transition to clean energy sources in terms of food security and sustainable agriculture practices. The integration of nuclear energy into the agricultural sector can contribute to reducing input costs in the agricultural sector and reducing fluctuations and volatilities in food prices. In addition, the continuity of energy supply, technological innovation and infrastructure investments provided by nuclear energy can play a key role in the transition to clean energy and the achievement of the sustainable development goals of countries.