Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2021Role of the Health System in Combating Covid-19: Cross-Section Analysis and Artificial Neural Network Simulation for 124 Country Cases
Bayraktar, Yuksel; Özyilmaz, Ayfer; Toprak, Metin; Isik, Esme; Büyükakin, Figen; Olgun, Mehmet Firat
In the fight against Covid-19, developed countries and developing countries diverge in success. This drew attention to the discussion of how different health systems and different levels of health spending are effective in combating Covid-19. In this study, the role of the health system in the fight against Covid-19 is discussed. In this context, the number of hospital beds, the number of doctors, life expectancy at 60, universal health service and the share of health expenditures in GDP were used as health indicators. In the study, firstly 2020 data was estimated by using the Artificial Neural Networks simulation method and this year was used in the analysis. The model, with the data of 124 countries, was estimated using the cross-sectional OLS regression method. The estimation results show that the number of hospital beds, number of doctors and life expectancy at the age of 60 have statistically significant and positive effects on the ratio of Covid-19 recovered/cases. Universal health service and share of health expenditures in GDP are not significant statistically on the cases and recovered. Hospital bed capacity is the most effective variable on the recovered/case ratio.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Remittances and Economic Growth: The Turkish Experience in the period of 1974-2018
Toprak, Metin; Ozyilmaz, Ayfer; Bayraktar, Yüksel
Remittances, which tend to increase continuously in the world, affect the economies which accept high remittances in many ways. Therefore, many studies have been put forward regarding the macroeconomic effects of remittances. In this study, the impact of remittances on economic growth is analyzed by ARDL bounds testing approach for the period of 1974-2018 in Turkey. According to the findings, remittances haven’t a statistically significant effect on economic growth in the long-run. The most important factor in this finding is the declining trend of remittances in the Turkish economy. Although remittances have increased around the world, the share of remittances in the Turkish GDP is quite low.
- MakaleYalnız künye2019The relationship between foreign direct investments and income inequality: the experience of turkey
Toprak, Metin; Ozyilmaz, Ayfer; Bayraktar, Yüksel
Foreign direct investment (FDI), rapidly increasing with globalization, enables technological development and integration with international markets on the one hand and affects many macroeconomic variables such as growth, employment and income inequality from different frameworks on the other hand. FDI is decisive in income inequality through labor markets. FDI, which is concentrated especially in technology intensive sectors, leads to wage inequalities with increasing need for skilled labor, thus deepening existing income inequalities. However, in some cases, it can reduce income disparities between lower, middleincome households and high income households by reducing the difference in profits and wages between labor and employers. Within this framework, the final impact of FDI varies depending on many parameters. This study aims to investigate the effect of FDI on income inequality in the period of 1974-2015 in Turkey. The data were obtained using bound cointegration technique (ARDL) which includes Gini index as a dependent variable and as well as FDI, public expenditure, inflation and commercial openness as an independent variable The results indicate that FDI increases income inequality in the long run.