Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Individual Earthquake Preparedness of Residents in Istanbul: Social and Cognitive Determinants
Topal, Mehmet Hanefi; Simsek, Kubra; Baspinar, Adem
This study aims to identify the social and cognitive factors that influence individual-level earthquake preparedness among Istanbul residents by using an extended model that incorporates earthquake risk perception within the framework of social cognitive theory (SCT). A survey of 411 participants was conducted, and data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings strongly support the SCT assertions, revealing that social factors (such as social trust and subjective norms) and cognitive factors (including outcome expectations and self-efficacy) are key predictors of earthquake risk perception. However, earthquake preparedness behavior was found to be more closely associated with cognitive factors, particularly self-efficacy and risk perception, with subjective norms being the only social factor influencing preparedness behavior. These results that policymakers and practitioners should focus on disaster education, awareness, and participation to promote individual preparedness and mitigate disaster risk.
- MakaleYalnız künye2021Yönetişim Kalitesi Sahra Altı Afrika Ülkelerinde Vergi Gayretini Etkiliyor mu?
Günay, Hamdi Furkan; Topal, Mehmet Hanefi
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Sahra Altı Afrika (SAA) ülkelerinde yönetişim kalitesinin vergi gayreti üzerindeki etkisini ampirik olarak incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda 37 SAA ülkesinin 2002-2015 dönemini kapsayan verileri geleneksel panel veri modelleri ve Sistem Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodu (Sys-GMM) tahmincisi ile araştırılmıştır. Daha önceki çalışmalardan farklı olarak bu çalışmada hem Dünya Bankası’nın altı yönetişim göstergesinin hem de bütünleştirilmiş yönetişim endeksinin vergi gayreti üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Ampirik bulgular SAA ülkelerinde bütünleşik yönetişimin ve her bir yönetişim göstergesinin vergi gayretini pozitif etkilediğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca güçlendirilmiş ampirik bulgular SAA ülkelerinde ifade özgürlüğü ve hesap verebilirlik ile hukukun üstünlüğü gibi demokrasi temsillerinin vergi gayretini daha önemli belirleyicileri olduğunu da ortaya koymaktadır.
- MakaleYalnız künye2021The Role of Organizational Silence in the Effect of Job Satisfaction on the Level of Burnout: The Case of TRC1 AFAD Employees
Topal, Mehmet Hanefi; Demirbağ, Orkun; Pala, Ismail Turgut
Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Interior, Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) personnel are exposed to high stress due to high working tempo, long working hours, and heavy workload. Considering these conditions, it is thought that working conditions tire the staff psychologically from time to time. Our work which we started with this hypothesis aims not only to figure out levels of job satisfaction, organizational silence and burnout of the personnel who works at the provincial disaster and emergency directorates of Adıyaman, Gaziantep and Kilis where a great number of people immigrated due to Syrian crisis, but also targets to reveal mediation of organizational silence on the effect of job satisfaction on burnout. This work with quantitative research pattern performed with 101 personnel. In this research “introductory information form”, “job satisfaction scale”, “burnout scale” and “organizational silence scale” are used. According to results of the research, organizational silence has a partial mediation on the relation of job satisfaction and burnout and organizational silence moderates the negative relation between these two phenomena at the least.
- MakaleYalnız künye2020Role of obesıty-rısk knowledge ın unı-versity students ‘ adoptıon of obesıty ta
Günay, Hamdi Furkan; Topal, Mehmet Hanefi
Obesity taxes are one of the prominent pub-lic solutions in the fight against obesity. Although not yet implemented in Turkey, it is important to investigate the perceptions and thoughts of so-ciety towards these taxes, given that it is some-times considered to be on the agenda. The aim of this study is to empirically examine the factors that influence the adoption of the obesity tax and the role of obesity-risk knowledge in the adoption of the obesity tax. Although various factors affec-ting the acceptability of obesity taxes are high-lighted in the literature, no study has been found to examine the impact of obesity-risk knowledge on the adoption of this tax. In this context, the data obtained from 430 students of Gümüşhane University were analyzed by multivariate statisti-cal methods. As a result of the analysis, it was fo-und that the level of acceptance of obesity taxes and the level of obesity-risk knowledge were qu-ite low. It has also been concluded that obesity-risk knowledge does not have a significant effect on the acceptability of obesity taxes, nor does it have a significant regulatory effect on other fac-tors. Significant effects of socio-psychological, economic and health factors have been identifi-ed in the adoption of the obesity tax. Among the recommendations highlighted in the study is that other solution policies such as education and in-formation activities should be implemented in the fight against obesity.
- MakaleYalnız künye2020Oecd ülkelerinde vergi takozunun emek piyasası ve üretim üzerindeki etkileri
Bölükbaş, Mehmet; Topal, Mehmet Hanefi
Bireylerin elde ettiği gelirlerinin bir kısmının kamuya aktarması ile vergi yükü kavramı ortaya çıkmakta ve vergi yükü çeşitli şekillerde sınıflan- dırılmaktadır. İşgücü üzerindeki vergi yükü ise vergi takozu kavramıyla ifade edilmektedir. Ver- gi takozu emek piyasası başta olmak üzere pek çok ekonomik olguyu etkileyebilmektedir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında vergi takozunun emek piya- sasına ve üretim düzeyine etkisinin incelenmesi önemli görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ver- gi takozunun emek piyasası ve üretim üzerindeki etkilerini 36 OECD ülkesinin 2000-2015 dönemi verilerini kullanarak panel veri analizleriyle ince- lemektir. Diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak bu ça- lışmada vergi takozunun emek piyasası ve üre- tim etkileri alternatif vergi takozu göstergeleri dikkate alınarak kapsamlı olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları çok açık bir biçimde OECD ülkelerinde işgücü üzerindeki vergi yükü artış- larının istihdamı ve üretimi cezalandırdığını gös- termektedir. Bununla beraber işgücü vergilerinin verimlilik ve kayıt dışı ekonomi üzerindeki etki- lerine yönelik sonuçlar muğlaktır. Araştırmanın diğer bir sonucuna göre OECD ülkelerinde genç işgücü üzerindeki yüksek vergi yükü genç işsiz- liğini ve gençlerin a-tipik istihdamını arttırmakta ve ayrıca ekonomilerin büyüme hızlarını nispeten daha fazla düşürmektedir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020The middle income trap: Theory and empirical evidence; [Orta gelir tuzagi: Teori ve ampirik kanit]
Topal, Mehmet Hanefi
The middle income trap (MIT) is a concept that is often used in the economic development literature but is not defined clearly enough. The purpose of this study is to revise previous discussions on MIT and to make an empirical investigation of the existence of MIT in 44 middle-income countries based on Ye and Robertson's (2016) time series approach. Unlike conventional time series analyses, this study takes into consideration non-linearity in time series and smooth transition of structural breaks. The empirical findings of this study show the following results. There is strong evidence of the existence of MIT in seven countries. The stochastic convergence is valid for twenty one countries, including Turkey. The trend findings of the countries show that the income gap between ten countries and the US is decreasing quite slowly or increasing steadily. These results also indicate that economic and institutional reform requirements maintain their priority in the political agenda in most middle income - especially in Latin American - countries.
- MakaleYalnız künye2018Türkiye’de Askeri Harcamalar ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Bir Analizi (1960-2016)
Topal, Mehmet Hanefi
Türkiye’de askeri harcama-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi üzerine çok sayıdaçalışma yapılmıştır. Bununla beraber daha önceki çalışmaların sonuçlarıfikir birliği sağlamaktan uzaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 1960-2016 dönemiiçin askeri harcamalar ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyieşbütünleşme ve nedensellik bağlamında yeniden araştırmaktır.Araştırmada, geleneksel analizlere ilave olarak çoklu yapısal kırılmalıeşbütünleşme ve zamanla değişen nedensellik analizleri de uygulanmıştır.Bayer ve Hanck (2013) standart güçlü eşbütünleşme testi sonuçlarına göreaskeri harcamalar uzun dönem kişi başı milli geliri negatif yöndeetkilemektedir. Bununla beraber Maki (2012) çoklu yapısal kırılmalıeşbütünleşme testi sonuçları askeri harcamalar ile kişi başı milli gelirarasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığını göstermektedir. Öte yandan zamanladeğişen nedensellik analizi sonuçları ekonomik ve politik gelişmelernedeniyle 1970’li yılların ortalarından itibaren Türkiye’de askeri harcamaekonomikbüyüme bağının ortadan kalktığını ortaya koymaktadır.
- MakaleYalnız künye2018The effect of values, risk perception and nuclear awareness on the public acceptability of nuclear plants
Topal, Mehmet Hanefi; Gülsoy, Ahmet
Nuclear energy that is a crucial problem in development process for energy security is substantially considered important. In addition to this, to what extent the public supports this approaches in order to provide sustainability of the nuclear energy politics in Turkey is also significant. Previous studies have not sufficiently focused on the question of which factors are effective on acceptability of nuclear politics in the sense of Turkish public opinion. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether or not individual and environmental values of public, nuclear risk perception and nuclear awareness are influential on the level of social acceptance. In this context, a questionnaire is conducted with 650 people in Sinop and Mersin where nuclear power plants have been constructed. Analysis of the gathered data are made through the structural equation modelling. In the result of this analysis, it is determined that altruism, environmental sensitiveness and perceived nuclear risks decrease the level of nuclear acceptability, while hedonism and more nuclear awareness increase it. Moreover, these findings show that anti-nuclear view is obviously derived from the low nuclear awareness and high nuclear risk perception. Related to this, in this research, apart from the necessity of increasing nuclear awareness, it is suggested that persuasive mechanisms regarding environmental sensitivity and risk concerns should be formed for the public opinion on the purpose of generating sustainable nuclear politics.
- MakaleYalnız künye2018An Analysis of Relationship between Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in Turkey (1960-2016)
Topal, Mehmet Hanefi
A growth number of empirical studies have investigated the relationship between military expenditures and economic growth in Turkey. However, there is no consensus on the relationship between military expenditures and economic growth in literature. The aim of this study is re-examining the relationship between military expenditures and economic growth covering the period of 1960 and 2016 within the context of cointegration and causality analysis. In addition to traditional analysis, we employed cointegration test with multi structural breaks and time-varying causality analysis. According toBayer and Hanck's (2013) standart cointegration test results the military expenditures negatively affect long-run GDP per capita. However, Maki's (2012) cointegration test with multiple breaks results show that there is no relationship between military expenditures and GDP per capita. On the other hand, time-varying causality results also indicate that the causal linkage between military expenditures and economic growth has disappeared due to economic and politic shifts in Turkey after the middle of 1970s.
- MakaleYalnız künye2018Testing twin deficits hypothesis for Eu-27 and Turkey: A panel granger causality approach under cross-sectional dependence
Bölükbaş, Mehmet; Topal, Mehmet Hanefi; Hotunluoğlu, Hakan
Twin deficits hypothesis has been one of the most widely-applied phenomenon in the economics literature. In this study, the twin deficits hypothesis was tested for the EU-27 member states and Turkey with the data covering the 2002:Q1-2014:Q1 period. Unlike other studies, the twin deficits hypothesis was tested by using second generation panel causality tests that considered the cross-sectional dependence. According to the findings of this study, which used panel Granger causality tests suggested by Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) and Emirmahmutoğlu-Kose (2011), there is statistically significant bidirectional causality between budget deficit (BD) and current account deficit (CAD) in the relevant period. It was found out a bidirectional causality between BD and CAD in sixteen of the twenty-eight countries (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Turkey and the UK) and a unidirectional causality from BD to CAD was also noticed in five EU countries (Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Slovakia). Nevertheless, the findings indicated that there is a unidirectional causality from CAD to BD in Hungary, Luxembourg and Malta but there is no causality between BD and CAD in Ireland, Portugal, Slovenia, and Sweden.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2017Farklı Gelişmişlik Düzeylerinde Kurumsal Kalitenin Çevre Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Ampirik Bir Analiz
Topal, Mehmet Hanefi; Hayaloğlu, Pınar
Bu çalışmanın amacı, ülkelerin ekonomik gelişmişlik düzeylerini de dikkate alarak kurumsalkalitenin çevre performansı üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. 34’ü gelişmiş, 90’ı gelişmekte olantoplam 124 ülkenin 2000-2014 dönemi verilerinin kullanıldığı araştırmada, diğer çalışmalardan farklıolarak çevre geniş anlamda tanımlanmıştır. Ayrıca kurumsal kalitenin 3 ayrı göstergesinin (politik risk,yönetişim ve demokrasi) kullanıldığı araştırmada, kurumsal kalite göstergeleri ile çevre performansıarasındaki ilişkiler panel veri analiz yöntemlerinden sabit etkiler, rassal etkiler ve iki aşamalı sistemGMM tahmin yöntemleriyle incelenmiştir. Ampirik analizlerden elde edilen sonuçlara göre; herekonomik gelişme seviyesinde düşük politik risk, yüksek yönetişim kalitesi ve demokrasi ülkelerinçevresel performanslarını pozitif yönde etkilemektedir. Bununla beraber, diğer kurumsal göstergeleregöre gelişmiş ekonomilerde politik risk, gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde ise demokrasi çevreperformansı üzerinde daha fazla etkilidir. Elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle, daha yüksek çevreperformansı için ülkelerin kurumsal yapılarının çevresel ihtiyaçlara cevap verecek şekildeoluşturulması gerektiği ifade edilebilir.
- BildiriYalnız künye2017Symmetric and Asymmetric Relationship Between Military Expenditures and Economic Growth in NATO-27: A Panel Bootstrap Granger Causality Approach
Ünver, Mustafa; Türedi, Salih; Topal, Mehmet Hanefi; Kaya, MV
- MakaleYalnız künye2016The relationship between economic risk and foreign direct investment: the case of turkey
Topal, Mehmet Hanefi; Gül, Özlem S
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in the developing countries, is considered as an important determinant for developing and shaping the investment. The aim of this study economic risk, and macro-economic variables to investigate the impact of these investments. For this purpose, 2003: 1-2014: 1 period in the study of economic risk, foreign direct investment, and time series analysis of the relationship between macroeconomic variables was tested. The variables used in the study; foreign direct investment, the real exchange rate and economic risk, inflation and current account deficit is made of. According to the results, FDI is affected positively from economic risk the current account deficit, and inflation. FDI is also affected negatively from the real exchange rate. Economic evidence is determined to be bidirectional causality relationship between foreign direct investment and economic risks. The study also of the current account deficit and foreign direct investment are determined to one-way causality from inflation towards the inflation
- MakaleYalnız künye2016The Relationship between Taxation and Democracy: Panel Causality Analysis for Developing Countries
Türedi, Salih; Topal, Mehmet Hanefi
This study analysis the relation between democracy and taxation in the context of developing countries. At the end of empirical analysis covering 60 countries by focusing on the period of 2006-2012, findings showing a two-way causality relation between taxation and democracy were reached. Accordingly, an increase in taxation level affects rule of law, organizational right, freedom of expression and belief positively in the countries analyzed. Briefly, it plays a vital role in the development of democracy by making a contribution to the enhancement of civil liberties. On the other hand, improvements in democratic rights and freedoms increase the number of citizens paying their taxes in full and on time, thus increases taxation level, by strengthening the harmony between citizens and state.