Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2021Current Status of Forage Crops Cultivation and Strategies for the Future in Turkey: A Review
Tan, Mustafa; Yolcu, Halil
Forage crops cultivation area in Turkey is 2.312 million ha in 2020. The rate of forage cultivation in the total agricultural area is 6.1%, and its rate in the field land is 12.3%. Lucerne, silage corn, oat, vetch, and sainfoin are main forage crops in Turkey. The amount of produced is 16.8 million tons of hay and 48.8 thousand tons of seeds. The forage crop cultivation areas have increased by 206% since the beginning of the 2000s due to the government subsidies. However, shortage of quality roughage is still a big problem for animal husbandry of the country. For this reason, new strategies should be developed to increase forage cultivation areas by considering global warming, drought, and climate change. In order to meet the need for roughage, it is necessary to expand the cultivation area of forage crops as winter catch crops and second crops. In addition, some of the fallow fields should be utilized by growing drought-resistant forage species. The fields abandoned due to different problems should be used for the cultivation of suitable forage crops.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2015Nutritive Value of Sunflower Silages Ensiled with Corn or Alfalfa at Different Rate
Tan, Mustafa; Yolcu, Halil; Dumlu Gul, Zeynep
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) having shorter growing season, better cold tolerant and more drought resistant is important alternative silage plant in highlands. But it has poor silage quality. To improve the quality of sunflower silage can be mixed an appropriate amount of corn (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). This research was carried out to evaluate quality characteristics of nine silage types: Sunflower, corn and alfalfa silages; plus their some mixtures silages (75% sunflower + 25% corn, 50% sunflower + 50% corn, 25% sunflower + 75% corn, 75% sunflower + 25% alfalfa, 50% sunflower + 50% alfalfa and 25% sunflower + 75% alfalfa); at two harvest stages: Beginning of flowering for sunflower and alfalfa and milk-dough stage for corn (early stage), and end of flowering stage for sunflower and alfalfa, and dough stage for corn (late stage). The experimental design was in a factorial arrangement of randomized complete block with replicated four times. Dry matter content (DM), crude protein content (CP), neutral detergent fiber content (NDF), acid detergent fiber content (ADF), silage pH and physical characteristics (PC) of silages were determined in this study. Mixing of alfalfa in NDF, ADF and CP and corn in DM, pH and PC had positively effect in sunflower silages. Late stage had positively affected DM, PC and pH for silage. Consequently, sunflower silages mixed with corn, with the condition of not being less than 50% at late stage, are recommended for farmers.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2015Nutritive value of sunflower silages ensiled with corn or alfalfa at different rate; [Farkli oranlarda yonca veya misir ile kariştirilan ayçiçeği silajinin besin değeri]
Tan, Mustafa; Yolcu, Halil; Dumlu Gul, Zeynep
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) having shorter growing season, better cold tolerant and more drought resistant is important alternative silage plant in highlands. But it has poor silage quality. To improve the quality of sunflower silage can be mixed an appropriate amount of corn (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). This research was carried out to evaluate quality characteristics of nine silage types: Sunflower, corn and alfalfa silages; plus their some mixtures silages (75% sunflower + 25% corn, 50% sunflower + 50% corn, 25% sunflower + 75% corn, 75% sunflower + 25% alfalfa, 50% sunflower + 50% alfalfa and 25% sunflower + 75% alfalfa); at two harvest stages: Beginning of flowering for sunflower and alfalfa and milk-dough stage for corn (early stage), and end of flowering stage for sunflower and alfalfa, and dough stage for corn (late stage). The experimental design was in a factorial arrangement of randomized complete block with replicated four times. Dry matter content (DM), crude protein content (CP), neutral detergent fiber content (NDF), acid detergent fiber content (ADF), silage pH and physical characteristics (PC) of silages were determined in this study. Mixing of alfalfa in NDF, ADF and CP and corn in DM, pH and PC had positively effect in sunflower silages. Late stage had positively affected DM, PC and pH for silage. Consequently, sunflower silages mixed with corn, with the condition of not being less than 50% at late stage, are recommended for farmers.
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2014Türkiye’de Organik kaba yem üretiminin mevcut durumu
Okcu, Melih; Yolcu, Halil; Tan, Mustafa
Organik hayvansal üretim faaliyetlerinin en önemli gereksinimlerinden birisi organik kaba yem ihtiyacının karşılanmasıdır. Organik kaba yem ihtiyacının karşılanmasında, öncelikle organik çayır- meralar ve daha sonra da organik yem bitkileri üretim alanları büyük önem arz etmektedir. Nitekim dünyada organik kaba yem üretim alanlarının % 93’ünü organik çayır-mera alanları oluştururken, % 7’sini ise organik yem bitkileri üretim alanları oluşturmaktadır. Ülkemizde 2012 yılı itibari ile organik mera bulunmaz iken, yaklaşık 22 ilimizde organik çayır varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Çayır otu dahil olmak üzere, 359 259 ton toplam organik kaba yem üretim miktarımız (315 053 ton organik yem bitkileri üretimi ve 44 206 ton organik çayır otu üretimi) organik hayvansal üretimimizin kaba yem ihtiyacını rahatlıkla karşılayabilmektedir. Ülkemizde, organik kaba yem üretimindeki başlıca sorunlar; bazı organik kaba yem üretim alanlarının organik hayvancılığın yapıldığı illerden uzak olması, organik yemlerin en ucuz kaynaklarından olan organik meraların bulunmaması ve organik kaba yem üretimi konusunda yapılan bilimsel çalışmaların pratiğe aktarılamamasıdır.
- MakaleYalnız künye2013Yield, Quality, and Other Characteristics of Selected Lines of Crested Wheatgrass
Gul, Zeynep Dumlu; Yolcu, Halil; Tan, Mustafa; Serin, Yunus; Gul, Ismail
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate yield, quality, and other characteristics in selected lines of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn.) at Ataturk University Agriculture Faculty Research Farm under unirrigated conditions during 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 in Eastern Turkey. The research was established in 2006 as a randomized complete block with three replications. Lines AC1 (Reg. No. PL-12, PI 667083), AC2 (Reg. No. PL-13, PI 667084), AC23 (Reg. No. PL-14, PI 667085), AC29 (Reg. No. PL-15, PI 667086), AC37 (Reg. No. PL-16, PI 667087), AC39 (Reg. No. PL-17, PI 667088), AC65 (Reg. No. PL-18, PI 667089), AC66 (Reg. No. PL-19, PI 667090), AC83 (Reg. No. PL-20, PI 667091), AC107 (Reg. No. PL-21, PI 667092), AC113 (Reg. No. PL-22, PI 667093), AC121 (Reg. No. PL-23, PI 667094), AC125 (Reg. No. PL-24, PI 667095) and Tohum Islah population (Reg. No. PL-11, PI 667082) (control) were evaluated for dry matter yield (DMY), seed yield (SY), straw yield (SWY), crude protein content (CPC), crude protein yield (CPY), stem number, plant height, and fertile tiller ratio. Forage DMY and SY increased over the first 4 yr, but the yields decreased due to the aging of the crested wheatgrass stand in the subsequent year. There were significant differences for lines in all variables, except for SWY and CPC. Particularly, lines AC1, AC23, AC29, AC37, AC39, AC65, AC66, AC107, and AC121 in DMY; AC1, AC37, AC83, AC107, AC113, AC121, and AC125 in SY; and AC23, AC39, and AC113 in CPY showed significant improvement compared with the original parent material. The results of DMY, SY, and CPY show that selection studies were effective. Selected lines will be useful for breeding studies and livestock production.
- MakaleYalnız künye2012Yield and quality characteristics of sunflower silages in highlands
Guney, Erdal; Tan, Mustafa; Yolcu, Halil
This research was carried out to compare the yield and quality characteristics of four sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes (i.e., confectionery Tekirdag landrace, confectionery Erzurum landrace, oilseed Sirena and oilseed C70165 hybrids) and one corn (Zea mays L.) genotype (i.e., SZE TC-S13 hybrid) in the Agriculture Faculty of Ataturk University in the east of Turkey during the period between 2005 and 2006. The study was designed in a randomized complete block design with five treatments replicated three times. The genotypes were evaluated in terms of forage properties as well as chemical and physical properties of silages in both years. According to the results, the corn genotype had better yield and silage qualities than sunflower genotypes. But crude protein contents of silages of sunflower genotypes were superior in comparison to the corn genotype. Also amongst sunflower genotypes, confectionery Tekirdag and Erzurum landraces had slightly higher silage qualities than oilseed sunflower hybrids.
- MakaleYalnız künye2009Yields and qualities of some red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) genotypes in crop improvement systems as livestock feed
Tavlas, Ayten; Yolcu, Halil; Tan, Mustafa
The objective of this study was to compare twenty-five genotypes of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in terms of yield (in 2000 - 2004) and quality performance (in 2000 - 2001) for animal feeding. The genotypes were evaluated for dry matter yield (DMY), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), relative feed value (RFV), total digestible nutrients (TDN), net energy-lactation (NEl), net energy-maintenance (NEm) and net energy-gain (NEg) content. There were significant differences in DMY (P < 0.01), CP, ADF, NDF, DDM, DMI, RFV (P < 0.05), TDN, NEl, NEm and NEg (P < 0.01) amongst the genotypes. The Rajah cultivar had the highest DMY (13629 kg ha-1) amongst the genotypes according to five year results. While the highest CP (15.94%), NDF (50.59%), DDM (68.68%), TDN (66.50%), NEl (0.70 Mcal/1b), NEm (0.76 Mcal/1b) and NEg (0.44 Mcal/1b) were determined in the L-818 line, the lowest ADF (25.96%) was also found in the L-818 line. The highest DMI (3.16%) was observed in the Hamua cultivar. The highest RFV was determined in the Tohum Islah ecotype (156), the Hamua (155), the Orbit (154) cultivars and the L-812 (154) line. Our results showed that there were large variations in terms of yield and quality performances amongst the red clover genotypes for animal feeding. The Rajah, L-832 (selected from wild forms) and Pawera had the highest yields amongst the genotypes. The L-818, L-812 lines (selected from wild forms), Tohum Islah ecotype, Lucrun and Redwent cultivars were superior in terms of forage quality properties (low in ADF and NDF and high CP, DDM, DMI, RFV, TDN, NEl, NEm, NEg) than the other red clover genotypes.
- MakaleYalnız künye2009Chemical contents of red clover genotypes on crop improvement systems as livestock feed
Yolcu, Halil; Tavlas, Ayten; Tan, Mustafa; Gunes, Adem
A field experiment was conducted in 2000-2001 at the Research Station of East Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute in Pasinler of Erzurum province in Turkey. In this study, 25 red clovers (Trifolium pratense L.) genotypes were evaluated in terms of chemical contents for animal feeding in the 2 years results. The red clover genotypes were sown in the spring of 2000. The experiment was designed a randomized complete block with replicated 4 times. The genotypes were harvested in 50% flowering once in 2000 and 3 times in 2001. There were significant differences in N (p<0.05), Mg (p<0.05), Zn (p<0.05), Fe (p<0.05), Mn (p<0.01) and Cu (p<0.01) contents but no in Na content among the red clover genotypes. According to 2 years results, especially L-818 line and Xiashao cultivar in N; L-1881 and L-812 line in Mg; Redwent cultivar, L-77, L-l 922 lines and Lucrun cultivars in Zn; L-77 line, Redwent cultivar, L-812, L-1922 lines and Lucrun cultivar in Fe; L-79 line, Redwent cultivar and L-77 line in Mn; L-79 line, Redwent cultivar and L-77 line in Cu had higher chemical contents than the others for animal feeding. The genotypes rich in terms of chemical content can be successfully used to meet the requirement the forage quality of animal and to gain new quality red clover genotypes for animal nutrition.
- MakaleYalnız künye2009Evaluation of annual legumes and barley as sole crops and intercrop in spring frost conditions for animal feeding I. Yield and quality
Yolcu, Halil; Dasci, Mahmut; Tan, Mustafa
This study evaluated sole grass pea (Lathyrussativush.), sole common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), sole barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), common vetch + barley intercrop, common vetch (I) and barley (I) in terms of yields and quality properties in 2006-2007 at Kelkit Aydin Dogan Vocational Training School Research Station of Gumushane University, Turkey. Intercrop plants were separated as common vetch (called as common vetch I) and barley (called as barley I). Plants were seeded in April of both years in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The study plots were 3.0 m long by 1.68 m wide, with 24 cm row spacing. Each plot was fertilized with 20 ton ha-1 organic farmyard manure. The year effects were significant in dry matter yield, crude protein, crude protein yield, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber. The legumes especially were injured by frost in 2007. Significant differences were found in terms of Dry Matter Yield (DMY), Crude Protein (CP), Crude Protein Yield (CPY), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Dry Matter Intake (DMI), Dry Digestible Matter (DDM) and Relative Feed Value (RFV) amongst all the plants. Sole common vetch and sole barley had good properties in DMY, CP and CPY. Sole grass pea, common vetch (I), sole common vetch and intercrops showed good quality properties in ADF and NDF. Sole grass pea especially, sole common vetch and common vetch (I) had good quality properties in DMI, DDM and RFV. Farmers should prefer sole common vetch and sole grass pea cultivation in yield and quality and regulate their seeding times according to days with frost in similiar conditions.
- MakaleYalnız künye2008Nutrient value of some lucerne cultivars based on chemical composition for livestock
Yolcu, Halil; Dasci, Mahmut; Tan, Mustafa; Çomakli, Binali
This study was carried out to determine of nutrient contents of twelve lucerne cultivars in the highlands of Turkey. There were significant differences (p < 0.01) among the cultivars for crude protein (CP), neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), acid-detergent fiber (ADF). digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), relative feed value (RFV), total digestible nutrients (TDN), net energy-lactation (NEl), net energy-maintenance (NEm) and net energy-gain (NEg). Although Planet cultivar had the highest protein content (32.00 %). Kayseri cultivar is one of the lowest protein content (24.17 %) among the all cultivars. Neutral detergent fiber in cultivars ranged from 33.41 % (Seker cultivars) to 50.39 % (Kayseri cultivars). Average acid detergent fiber content for all cultivars was 34.31 %. Relative feed value in cultivars ranged from 104.78 % (Bilensoy-80 cultivars) to 185.03 % (Seker cultivars). The average TDN content was 56.89 %. Evaluating for this respect contents were the most quality Seker, Bilensoy and Savas cultivars among lucerne cultivars. In conclusion, Seker, Bilensoy and Savas cultivars among lucerne cultivars had better nutrient content than other cultivars.