Sarıtaş, Kamil

Intellect is one of the emphasized central topics in the epistemology of Islam. It is very comprehensive and contains different dimensions. Islamic philosophers pay importance to intelligence, and researched the meaning of intelligence in the areas of capacity to know, the quality of the information gotten by intelligence, its relations to sense, revelation and discovery. One of the Islamic philosophers, al-Gazzali (d. 505/1111) who lived in the East in the 12th century, and Ibn Haldun (d. 808/1406), who lived three centuries after him in Andulus, put forward remarkable thoughts in terms of envisaging intelligence. However; Ibn Haldûn s thoughts are restricted with regard to al-Gazzali. In Ibn Haldun s works regarding al-Gazzali and pointing out his thoughts, pursuing the reflections of al-Gazzali in Ibn Haldun helps determine whether or not there is any continuous factors between these two philosophers. This shows in which points Ibn Haldun was affected by al-Gazzali or not, and related to this, whether Ibn Haldun continued his thoughts or not. Such a comparison gives an idea about the originality of Islamic philosophy. The work focuses on the points in which al-Gazzali s thoughts resemble to Ibn Haldun s or differ from each other with some limitations. Being the predecessor, Gazzali s thoughts are presented before Ibn Haldun.

Sarıtaş, Kamil

Ibn Khaldun, who lived in XIV. century, is a multifaceted Islamic thinker. He put forth to ideasat Kalam, Sufism, Hadith, Tafseer, Fıqh (Law) and Islamic philosophy which are in Islamic thinking areas. Besides he brought forward original ideas in the fields of sociology, politics and philosophy of history. When was examining the fields of thought, he tackled informations which can be determined his attitude of Epistemoloji, in different places and non-systematic way. He focused on the problems of episteme which are posibility, definition, sources, instrumentality, limit and value in Epistemoloji. In this context, he tried to put forward determinations about which his study areas can be understood more truthfully and episteme must be based on which value, as previous İslamic philosophers, theologians and sufis. Ibn Khaldun touched on sense, nous, revelation, dream and intuition as instrumentality of episteme also he examined that relation between magic, talisman, prophecy and epistemology. He tought that sense and nous are accepted in matters world, epistemes can be achieved with revelation and intuition in spiritual world. He seperated each other philisophical sciences which based upon intellect and religious sciences which based upon revelation. Ibn Khaldun don’t think that ways of obtaining information are an alternative to each other, considered the means of obtaining information subsidiary of a whole, stayed out of an attitude which based upon absolutization and degradation. Furthermore, he made a fuss about what are limits of instrumentality of episteme and value of episteme. He put forth the value of information with the principles as trueness, practicable, relevancy of religious and usefulness

Sarıtaş, Kamil

Ahmed Ziyauddin Gumushanevi is one of the most important 19th century’s mysticals. Human is centrally located in his the idea of İslam and mystic philosophy. He tries to put forward how the ideal human should be. While he performs this purpose, he refers to not only human’s excellent properties, but also human’s incomplete properties. In this sense, it can be said that he handles human realistically. But, as it is understood his vision of sharia, sect, the truth, the gnostic, it is possible to express that he is concentrated the idealistic understanding of human. Human in Gumushanevi is an existantwho tries to make sense himself, the other and The Created in the cosmological plane. Also, human is a physical and a metaphysical existant whotakes over responsibility in his actions, loves whole existence, tries to make sense of all beings with knowledge. While characteristics of nafs are running away human from himself and God, characteristics of soul canalize human into goodness and God, heart and nous serve as a balance. Gumushanevi categorized the people according to ethics, faith, consciousness and the rise of soul. In human understanding of his, ethics, love and episteme are not only ethics, love and episteme just as literal, but also a worship. At the same time religion, episteme, ethics and love are the whole which is completing each other. In fact, religious and mystical understanding cover episteme, ethics and love in the field of human’s activities and they provide to imagine in terms of theology. According to this, human who has different properties is appeared to be a complex existence

Sarıtaş, Kamil

The first Islamic philosopher al-Kindi (Alchindus) is also the first thinker interested in nous problem in Islamic Philosophy. Whether the source of his nous theory is; it is the idea of him or not, is a disputable subject. We determined that al-Kindi developed ideas peculiar to himself in his nous theory in addition to benefiting from the most important theorists Aristoteles and Alexander of Aphrodisias before him. From this point of view, we can define al-Kindi as the first Islamic philosopher who put forward his nous theory in a way peculiar to himself by paying great attention to Aristotelian tradition.