Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2022Geochemical investigation of the potability of surface water in Çit River and related creeks in Avliyana Basin (Gümüşhane, NE Türkiye)
Saka, Fatih; Soylak, Mustafa; Bulut, Volkan Numan; Vural, Alaaddin; Gundogdu, Ali
In the study, physico-chemical parameters of Çit Stream and related creeks in Avliyana Basin (Gümüşhane, NE Turkey) were determined. In terms of physical parameters, it is seen that the Büyük Çit Stream has drinking water quality. According to piper diagram, all of the samples except one have fallen into region of class of CaCO3 and MgCO3 waters. The different one is the mixed water class. It has been determined that the metal content that may pose a risk to water is below the permissible limits. It has been seen that there may be only one point of risk for lead. As a result, physico-chemical aspect of water quality of Çit River and related creeks in Avliyana Basin has been seen to be suitable for drinking water standards.
- MakaleYalnız künye2017Belli aşılma olasılığına sahip debilerinin bölgeselleştirilmesi ve Doğu Karadeniz Havzası örneği
Saka, Fatih; Yüksek, Ömer
Su mühendisliği çalışmalarının pek çoğunda, çalışma yerinde bulunan su miktarının veya belli bir değerdekidebinin bulunma olasılığının tespiti gerekmektedir. Ancak eldeki debi ölçümleri sınırlı ve sadece akımgözlem istasyonlarının (AGİ) bulunduğu yerlerdedir. Her bir AGİ'deki debi süreklilik eğrileri (DSE) eldeedilebilmekte, ancak veri ölçümü bulunmayan veya yetersiz olan yerlere ait debi değerlerinin tahminigerekmektedir. Bu amaçla, belirli aşılma olasılığına sahip olan debi değerlerinin bölgeselleştirme çalışmaları uygulanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de, Doğu Karadeniz Havzası'ndaki 39 adet AGİ'ye ait debideğerleri, meteoroloji istasyonlarının, sıcaklık ve yağış değerleri temin edilmiştir. Drenaj alanlarının sınırlarıbelirlenmiştir. Thiessen Metodu kullanılarak AGİ'lere ait yıllık toplam yağış ve sıcaklık değerleri eldeedilmiştir. 10 yıllık günlük ortalama debiler kullanılarak, yıllık DSE'nin %20, %30, %50 ve %90 aşılma oranlarına sahip olan debi değerlerinin havza özellikleriyle ilişkileri belirlenmiştir. Topoğrafik özellikler olarak drenaj alanı, drenaj yoğunluğu ve akarsu kollarının ortalama eğimi; iklim özellikleri olarak ise, ortalama yıllık toplam yağış yüksekliği ile yıllık ortalama sıcaklık değerleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bazı havza özellikleri ile veri ölçümü bulunmayan alanlarda %20, %30, %50 ve %90 aşılma oranlarına sahip olan debilerin tahmini yapılmış ve sonuçlar irdelenmiştir
- MakaleAçık Erişim2017Regionalisation of discharges having certain exceedance probabilities and Eastern Black Sea Basin sample
Saka, Fatih; Yüksek, Omer
In many of water engineering studies, it is necessary to determine the amount of water or the probability of discharge at a certain value. However, current discharge measurements are limited and located in discharge gauging stations (DGS). Flow duration curves (FDC) belonging to each DGS can be obtained, but it is necessary to estimate discharge values of the areas having no or insufficient discharge data. For this purpose, studies based on the regionalization of discharge values can be applied. In this study, discharge values of 39 DGS located on Eastern Black Sea Basin in Turkey, and temperature and precipitation of weather stations in the region have been obtained. Drainage areas have been determined. Total annual precipitation and temperature values of DGS have been obtained by using Thiessen method. Values having 20%, 30%, 50%, and 90% exceedance probabilities of annual FDC, have also been correlated with basin characteristics using 10-year average daily discharges. Drainage area, drainage density and mean slope of tributary values were chosen as topographic; and mean annual precipitation height and annual temperature values chosen as climatic parameters. As a result, in the ungauged areas, 20%, 30%, 50%, and 90% exceedance probabilities of annual FDC have been estimated by some basin properties and the results were examined.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Estimation of the carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio in compostable solid waste using artificial neural networks
Bayram, Adem; Kankal, Murat; Ozsahin, Talat Sukru; Saka, Fatih
Organic waste constitutes a majority of all municipal solid waste (MSW), a fact which yields some unfavorable results at open dumps, sanitary landfills, and incineration plants. As part of an integrated solid waste management strategy, composting could be applied to mixed collected MSWs or separately collected leaves, food, and yard wastes. The factor most crucial to successful composting is the carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio of the waste. This study employs two predictive models to estimate the C:N ratio of compostable MSW, an artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR). These models are based on 52 solid waste samples taken from the MSW open dumping area in Gümüşhane Province, Turkey. To estimate the C:N ratio, seven predictive variables were adopted. The proportions of food and yard (F&Y), and ash and scoria (A&S) waste; the moisture content (MC), the fixed carbon (FC) content, the total amount of organic matter (TOM), high calorific value (HCV), and pH. Fortytwo of the samples were used for training, and the remaining ten were used to test the models. The average relative error attained by the best ANN was 6.376%, while that attained by the MLR model was 11.002%. The effects of TOM content, F&Y percentage, and A&S percentage on the C:N ratio were investigated by running the ANN model for a range of input variables.