Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Germination as a Pre-isolation Modification Method for Common Buckwheat Protein Isolate
Gülbahar, Esma; Tunç, Merve Tuğçe; Akdoğan, Arda; Baltacı, Cemalettin; Sarıcaoğlu, Furkan Türker; Parlak, Mahmut Ekrem; Aydın, Engin; Odabaş, Halil İbrahim
This study investigated germination as a pre-isolation modification method to enhance the techno-functional and nutritional properties of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) protein. Germination was conducted at two different temperatures (20 and 30 °C) for 24, 48, and 72 h, and isolated proteins were analyzed for their chemical, structural, and functional properties. Results showed that the highest protein yield was achieved at 30 °C for 24 h, though durations exceeding 48 h reduced purity. SDS-PAGE and FTIR analyses confirmed that endogenous protease activity degraded high-molecular-weight proteins and increasing random coil proportions, indicating partial unfolding. SEM imaging revealed that germination transformed the dense protein surface into a porous morphology. Increasing germination time and temperature led to decreased lightness (L*) and hue angle, along with moderate increases in redness (a*), indicating notable changes in the visual appearance of the protein isolates. DSC results showed a decrease in thermal stability (Td) due to structural changes. In addition, germination significantly improved solubility, emulsifying activity, foaming capacity, and water/oil absorption, particularly at the 24 h of germination. Most notably, germination at 30 °C for 24 h increased in vitro protein digestibility from 75.67 to 82.19%. The results show that the germination is a promising approach to enhance the functionality and digestibility of buckwheat protein for potential application in food industry.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Process Optimization of Spray-Dried Aquafaba and Comparison with Freeze-Drying: Techno-Functional Performance and Structural Attributes
Tunc Odabas, Merve Tugce; Saricaoglu, Furkan Turker; Parlak, Mahmut Ekrem; Akdogan, Arda; Odabas, Halil Ibrahim; Gündogdu, Engin; Simsek, Senay; Atalar, Ilyas
This study aimed to optimize the spray-drying (SD) process for aquafaba and compare the physical and techno-functional properties of the resulting powder with those of its freeze-dried (FD) counterpart. A Box-Behnken design was employed to evaluate the effects of inlet air temperature (150-190 degrees C), air speed (3.5-4.3 m/s), and feed flow rate (0.3-0.5 L/h) on 14 quality responses. The optimized SD conditions were determined to be an inlet air temperature of 189 degrees C, an air speed of 4.2 m/s, and a feed flow rate of 0.3 L/h. Validation experiments demonstrated that the developed models had high predictive capacity, with only a small discrepancy (0.56-5.88%) between the predicted and experimental values. Comparative analysis showed that the optimized SD powder had significantly lower moisture content (2.47%) and water activity (0.18) than the FD powder (3.51% and 0.34, respectively), indicating superior storage stability. In addition, the SD powder exhibited greater whiteness (82.37), higher water solubility (88.44%), and substantially greater foaming capacity (266.67%) than the FD sample (243.33%). Although the FD powder demonstrated better wettability and water absorption capacity because of its porous structure, FTIR spectroscopy and protein secondary structure analysis confirmed that SD preserved the functional integrity of aquafaba. Specifically, SD induced a transition from disordered random-coil structures to more ordered beta-sheet and beta-turn configurations, thereby improving foaming performance. Overall, these findings indicate that optimized spray-drying is a highly efficient and industrially scalable alternative to freeze-drying for producing functional aquafaba powder for use as a plant-based egg substitute.
- MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2024Gelatin extraction from chicken skin by conventional and Ohmic heating methods and comparison with commercial halal gelatins
Işık, Çiğdem; Parlak, Mahmut Ekrem; Kıraç Demirel, Fatma Tuba; Odabaş, Halil İbrahim; Dağdelen, Adnan Fatih; Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin; Taylan, Osman; Sarıcaoğlu, Furkan Türker
Gelatin extraction from chicken skins using ohmic heating (OH) is a promising application in the food industry. In this study, the effects of OH parameters (electric field (5, 10, 15, and 20 V/cm) and extraction time (1, 3, and 5 h)) on the extraction yield, physicochemical, functional, rheological, thermal, and microstructural properties of chicken skin gelatin were investigated, as well as comparison with conventional extraction and commercial halal gelatins. Chicken skin gelatins obtained with OH-assisted extraction showed higher ash content resulting in more turbidity than commercial gelatins. OH parameters significantly increased the gelatin yield, and 1 h of OH treatment revealed the highest gel strength amongst the electric field applications, conventional extracted, and bovine gelatin. The melting and gelation temperatures of chicken skin gelatins were higher than bovine gelatin and OH treatment increased the thermal stability. The amino acid composition significantly changed with OH treatment, and total imino acid content, relating to the gelation properties, increased. Functional properties, water and oil binding, emulsifying, and foaming, of chicken skin gelatin were significantly higher than commercial gelatins, and OH treatment significantly increased these properties. Overall, OH extraction of gelatin from chicken skins could be a better option for less extraction time, higher extraction yield, better functionality, and higher thermal stability compared to conventional extraction. It was concluded that chicken skin gelatins extracted using OH have properties that can be an alternative to commercial gelatins, but further purification processes are required.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Characterization of biodegradable bi-layer films from thermoplastic starch and poly-l-lactic acid
Parlak, Mahmut Ekrem; Uzuner, Kubra; Ozdemir, Sebahat; Kirac Demirel, Fatma Tuba; Dundar, Ayse Neslihan; Sahin, Oya Irmak; Dagdelen, Adnan Fatih; Odabas, Halil Ibrahim; Saricaoglu, Furkan Turker
This study aimed to enhance the oxygen barrier properties of polylactic acid (PLA) film, a biodegradable packaging material with high oxygen permeability (OP). Bi-layer films were produced by coating thermoplastic starch (TPS) onto PLA films in various ratios while maintaining constant film thickness. The mechanical, optical, barrier, thermal, hydrophobicity, moisture sorption, and microstructural properties of the films were analyzed. Increasing the TPS ratio elevated moisture content (MC), water uptake, solubility, and opacity while enhancing UV barrier properties. TPS coating reduced tensile and burst strength but increased the burst deformation of the bi-layer films. Bi-layer film production resulted in a water vapor permeability increase of 59.26%–94.44% compared with neat PLA while decreasing OP by 2.52%–29.66%. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) rose with higher TPS ratios, displaying type II isotherms. FTIR analysis indicated no chemical interactions between PLA and TPS. Increasing the TPS ratio decreased PLA crystallinity, supporting the mechanical and barrier properties of the bi-layer films. Neat and bi-layer films exhibited smooth, homogeneous surfaces, with a visible interface in the cross-section of the bi-layer films. In conclusion, TPS shows promise as an alternative to improve oxygen barrier properties in PLA films without adversely affecting other properties.