Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Determinants of Individual Worries on Food Insecurity in Afghanistan
Karapınar Kocağ, Esra
According to the United Nations (UN), more than 30 per cent of the world’s population experienced food insecurity moderately or severely in 2020 and Sustainable Development Goal 2 clearly claims to end hunger by 2030. Afghanistan within those regions with severe food insecurity has become prominent as both environmental deterioration due to climate change and ongoing conflict affects this situation twice as much. Using Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES-2018) data that was provided by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), this paper provides evidence on the determinants of individual worry on having enough food with a sample of 998 individuals through a probit model. Findings reveal that having a college degree significantly reduces the probability of being worried not to have enough food. Further, living in a rural area increases this probability, while being in a richer income quintile and having one more adults in the household decreases it. Empirical evidence of this research suggests a few policy implications. Education should be generalised in the society; and production techniques in the rural areas should be improved to increase the level of production and to save the environment. These efforts might increase the wage level that would help to increase household income to alleviate food insecurity.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2022The Determinants of Immigrants’ Skill Composition
Karapınar Kocağ, Esra; Li, Yutong; Popescu, Cristina Raluca Gh.
Movements of labor across the world is an ongoing debate in the literature in terms of its drivers and results in sending and receiving areas. Skill composition of immigrant labor has been discussed by several papers, although they generally focused on visa policies or firm level productivity. However, this paper focuses on the relationship between immigrants’ educational attainment and government budgeting on research and development (R&D). Panel data analysis is applied for European countries, along with instrumental variable approach as a robustness check. Findings reveal that higher budget allocation for R&D is associated with higher skill level of immigrants within overall immigrant population. This finding is driven by young immigrants whose ages are between 25 and 34 and female immigrants in these countries, suggesting that this relationship varies among sub-groups of immigrants, which would have significant policy implications. Hence, the novel and original approach of the paper resides in the deciding factors of immigrants’ skill composition.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2022Individual Attitudes towards Immigration in Turkey: Evidence from the European Social Survey
Karapınar Kocağ, Esra; Longhi, Simonetta
One of the reasons why people hold anti-immigration attitudes is the fear that immigrants “rob jobs” of natives and decrease wages. However, academic literature finds that this is not the case. Nevertheless, in various countries, people still tend to oppose immigration. Opposition to immigration was particularly high in Turkey in the early 2000s, where almost half of the respondents to the Turkish part of the European Social Survey reported they would prefer to allow no immigrants into Turkey. This is although immigration to Turkey is very low. Turkey is becoming an important destination country as conflicts in neighboring countries force many people to flee. Therefore, understanding the opposition to immigration in Turkey is crucial for managing age immigration flows efficiently. For this purpose, we investigate the determinants of attitudes towards immigration in Turkey using the European Social Survey and Turkish population census data. The findings of the ordered probit model reveal that Turkish people tend to hold more negative attitudes towards immigration where the regional share of immigrants is higher. The little chance of contact with immigrants in Turkey through a lower share of immigrants compared to other European countries seems to influence natives’ pro-immigrant attitudes negatively.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2022Would You like to Work More Hours?—An Investigation on South Africa
Popescu, Cristina Raluca Gh.; Karapınar Kocağ, Esra
To begin with, Sustainable Development Goals are of tremendous importance in all areas, being seen as vital aims in all domains, which makes them indispensable when it comes to addressing the particularities of the labour market these days. Subsequently, human resources occupy a distinctive and unique position when referring to the implications derived from targeting Sustainable Development Goals, especially in the context represented by the period specific to the COVID-19 pandemic and the international events that followed immediately after that. This study investigates the work motivation of individuals, and whether they would be willing to work more hours if they are paid. Motivation and attitudes towards working more hours might be affected by several factors, and they are important contributors to business performance. Not only business performance is to be affected, but this is also a part of Sustainable Development Goals where labour market conditions and productivity concerns are addressed, along with several other factors. Using the Quarterly Labour Force Survey from 2017 to 2022 that is conducted by Statistics South Africa, this study attempts to shed light on individual preferences for working more hours in the case of South Africa. Considering the dichotomous dependent variable, a binary response model is utilised to explore the determinants of such behaviour. Findings of the probit model reveal that socio-demographic factors such as gender, marital status, education level, and work experience are important indicators to explain this preference. More precisely, being female increases the likelihood of willingness to work more hours if paid by 1.1 percentage points, and being never married increases that probability by 2.7 percentage points. Within education categories, the highest coefficient in magnitude, having tertiary education decreases the probability of willingness to work more hours by 8.2 percentage points. As an important labour market indicator, one more year to commence working increases the probability of willingness to work more hours by 0.4 percentage points.