Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Particle board production using paper mill waste sludge and European black pine (Pinus nigra A.) wood chips
Karahan, Selim; Tekel, Muharrem
Paper mills use excessive amounts of water throughout production to produce paper. While mills treat water for reuse, sludge is generated and must be processed as a waste, along with some washing water. In this study, waste sludge from a kraft process mill mixed with up to 40% black pine (Pinus nigra) wood chips was investigated for multi-purpose board production using urea formaldehyde resin and ammonium chloride as a hardener. The panels were pressed at 150 degrees C for 7 minutes between 2.4 MPa and 2.6 MPa. The resulting panels were 18 mm thick, with a density of from 0.69 gr/cm3 to 0.71 g/cm3. Measurements of density, moisture, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bond strength to the surface were carried out on the particle board panels. The results indicated that panels could be used for general purposes.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Some physical and mechanical properties of particle boards produced from industrial wood chips and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) cones
Karahan, Selim; Guler, Cengiz
This study investigated the potential use of Scots pine cones as an alternative raw material to larch wood chips for particle board production. Due to the increasing scarcity of forest resources, exploring alternative raw material for the forest industry has gained importance in in recent years. Particle boards were produced in laboratory conditions by blending industrial wood chips with Scots pine cones in varying proportions (25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) and usingr urea formaldehyde glue. The adhesice mixture contained 55 % urea formaldehyde glue and 33 % ammonium chloride as a hardener. Te production parameters included a press temperature of 150 °C, a press time was 7 minutes, and a press pressure of 2,4 MPa to 2,6 MPa. The resulting boards had a thickness of 16 mm and a density ranging from 730 kg/m3 to 740 kg/m3. Tests for thickness iswelling, water absorption, bending strength, modulus of elasticity and tensile strength perpendicular to the surface were conducted. Results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the boards containing up to 25 % Scots pine cone met the required standards.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025SOME PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PARTICLE BOARDS PRODUCED WITH HAZELNUT HUSK AND ASTRAGALUS (Astragalus membranaceus) PLANT
Karahan, Selim; Guler, Cengiz
In this study, under laboratory conditions, hazelnut husk and astragalus plant were mixed separately into black pine wood chips, and multi-purpose boards were produced from the obtained chips with urea formaldehyde glue. After the hazelnut husk and astragalus plant were dried and ground, they were added to the chip and glue mixture in certain proportions. Hazelnut husk mixture ratios were applied as 100 %; 0 %, 75 %; 25 %, 50 %; 50 %, 25 %; 75 %, 0 %; 100 % to black pine wood chip in the particle board mixture. These ratios were made in the same way for the astragalus plant. From these mixtures, chipboard blanks of 16 mm thickness and densities between 0,68 g/cm3 and 0,72 g/cm3 were produced. Density, moisture content, thickness increase, water intake, bending strength, modulus of elasticity in bending and tensile strength perpendicular to the surface were tested in physical and mechanical experiments. According to the results obtained, as the participation rate of hazelnut shells and astragalus increased, the durability properties of the panels decreased. At the same time, it shows that the technological properties of the panels produced by adding up to 25 % astragalus plant and hazelnut shells to the mixture comply with the standards.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Evaluation of Paper Mill Treatment Water Sludge in Container Box Cardboard Production with Other Waste Papers
Karahan, Selim; Karademir, Arif
Today, the increase of industry rapidly, water pollution was caused Especially, the pollution of nature with random industrial wastewater were affected all living and non-living organism. For the sollution of this problem, after treatment wastewater were purified by industrial mills used intensive water. The paper mills are also the one of the industries which use the water intensive. In these mills consisted of waste sludge. This sludge is left to nature with backwashing water. It is thought that it contributes to the national economy by evaluating the sludge in the waste way. In this way, waste sludge also by entering recycle will have transformed again a helpful case for both people and nature. In this study, waste sludge obtained from Kahramanmaraş Paper Mill (KMK), which processes wastepaper, was used. After various processes, clay, calcium carbonate, starch, resin etc. Were added to this slurry to produce the material. Then, press was applied to these materials. Then these materials were dried. Finally, laboratory tests were performed for all produced materials. As a result of the tests carried out with the waste sludge added to the wastepaper mixture in the specified ratios; breakage index value and burst index value of 5% of waste sludge participation max. has reached the value. On the other hand, cobb and air permeability values decreased while ash value increased.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Investigation of Recycling Possibilities of Stacked Waste Office Paper for at Least Five Years
Karahan, Selim
In this study, investigates recycling possibilities of office paper in archive form (stored for at least 5 years). These papers are mostly made by burning. This is to destroy tons of paper raw materials. These papers may be presented with a simple pulping or recycling with small fractionation. This will contribute greatly to the country's economy. The study will also look at the physical and optical properties of these papers. These papers are likely to lose fiber resistance and brightness due to the physical conditions (humidity, temperature) and the mushrooms and insects. In addition, loss of the shine and resistance of the fibers will come to the fore when the ink is removed from these papers. How much of these losses are in the study will be investigated. This will be done in conjunction with a number of applications to compensate for losses. With these operations, tons of waste paper raw materials will be obtained and new waste white office paper will be produced with the desired quality.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Lazer Baskılı Ofis Kâğıtları Üzerinde Yapılan Mürekkep Giderme İşleminin Süzüntü Suyu Üzerine Etkileri
Karahan, Selim; Karademir, Arif
Çalışmada, önce lazer baskı uygulanmış beyaz A4 ofis kâğıtları üzerinde hamurlaştırma işlemleri uygulanmıştır. Dahasonra ise hamurlaştırılan ofis kâğıtları üzerinde belirlenmiş oranlarda karışımlar hazırlanmıştır. Bu hamurlaştırma vekarışım hazırlama sürecinde ise farklı yüzde oranlarda kimyasal ve enzimden faydalanılmıştır. Kimyasal madde olarakoleik asit, sodyum hidroksit, sodyum silikat, kalsiyum klorür ve hidrojen peroksit kullanılmış ve enzim olarak iseselülaz, ksilanaz, amilaz ve β-gluktonaz kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada daha sonra ultrases etkisine bakılmıştır. En sonundaise hamur süspansiyonu yüzdürme yöntemi ile mürekkeplerinden uzaklaştırılması yapılmıştır. Tüm bu işlemler sonundaise atık su analizleri yapılmıştır.
- MakaleYalnız künye2019Effect of Deinking Process on Different Waste Paper
Karahan, Selim; Karademir, Arif
In this study, pulp processes were carried out on office (A4), coated, corrugated board, NSSC (Neutral sulphide semi-chemical pulp), newspapers and blend papers. At the end of this process, beating followed by deinking. At the end of the process, some tests were made on the test papers obtained. For this purpose, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, sodium silicate, oleic acid and calcium chloride were used according to the method of ingede.
- MakaleYalnız künye2017Atık Ofis Kâğıtları Üzerinde Yapılan Mürekkep Giderme İşleminin Hamur Verimi ve Atık Çamur Üzerine Etkileri
Karahan, Selim
Bu çalışmada, atık ofis kâğıtları üzerine öncelikle siyah lazer baskı yapılmış ve daha sonra bu kâğıtlardan mürekkep giderme işlemleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. İkinci basamak olarak, baskılı kâğıtlar farklı şartlar altında Hobart hamurlaştırıcısı ile hamurlaştırılmış ve süspansiyonlar hazırlanmıştır. Hamurlaştırma ve süspansiyon hazırlama aşamalarında farklı oranlarda kimyasal ve enzimler katılmış ve bunların etkileri analiz edilmiştir. Ultrases etkisi de ayrıca incelenmiştir. Son olarak işlem görmüş olan atık kâğıt hamuru, yüzdürme esaslı mürekkep giderme işlemine alınarak mürekkeplerinden tamamen arındırılmaya çalışılmıştır. İşlem sonunda ise hamur ve atık çamur analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu sayede, test kâğıtlarında mukavemet değer kaybı olup olmadığına bakılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda, genel olarak test kâğıtlarında bir mukavemet artışı görülmüştür
- MakaleYalnız künye2017Effects on Physical Resistance Properties of Office Papers of Deinking Treatment
Karahan, Selim
In this study, firstly pulping treatment were applied in different stages on printing offices papers .After of the this treatment the deinking treatments were carried.İn this treatment, in stages of pulping and suspension spreparetion, different level of chemicals and enzymes were added and their effects were analysed. The effect of ultrasound was also studied . In the last of process, physical resistance analyses belonging to test papers obtained were made
- MakaleYalnız künye2017The Effects of Different Applications with Deinking Treatment on Optical Properties of Paper
Karahan, Selim
In this study, on office papers firstly black laser printing was applied and the deinking treatments were carried out on these papers. In the second step, printed papers were repulped using Hobart mixer under different conditions and the suspensions were prepared. In the stages pulping and the suspension preparation, different level of chemicals and enzymes were added and their effects were analysed. The effect of ultrasound was also studied . In the final stage, the waste paper pulp treated were completely tried to purify from the deinks taking the flotation deinking method. In the last of process, optical analyses on the test papers obtained were made. At the end of the study. It was seen that ın generally enzymes and pulp have a positive effect on whiteness and brightness