İpek, Egemen; Ipek, Ozlem

The purpose of this study is to determine the potential impact on individual cigarette consumption of 100% smoke-free law which entered into force in Turkey in 2009. This effect is investigated using the difference in differences method through the 2008 and 2012 Global Adult Tobacco Survey data provided by the Turkey Statistical Institute. In the study, using the diff-in-diff method enables to measure the change in individual cigarette consumption emerging by only the law eliminating the time-related effects in the pre and post law period. The most important analysis result obtained from the study is that the effect of smoke-free law which entered into force in Turkey in 2009 on daily cigarette consumption is statistically significant and negative. In addition, according to the results obtained from the diff-in-diff method, it is found that smokers tend to consume an average of 1.506 less cigarettes per day due to the law. This reducing effect leads to decrease of average daily cigarette consumption of smokers by approximately 8%.

İpek, Egemen; Ipek, Ozlem

The market structure of the Pharmaceutical Industry, which has an extremelyimportant both socially and economically position, is carefully monitored by regulatoryauthorities. The consantration of pharmaceutical companies tends to adversely affectconsumer welfare as well as resource distribution in the economy. The competitivestructure of the markets is determined by the concentration indices. For these reasons,in this study the market concentration ratios of the pharmaceutical sector in Turkey arecalculated by using concentration measures such as Concentration Ratio; HerfindahlHirschman; Hall-Tideman; Rosenbluth; Comprehensive Industrial Concentration;Hannah-Kay; Hause and the Entropy measure with the annual sales revenue data of thecompanies in the sector for the 2009-2016 period.According to the results,pharmaceutical sector in Turkey has a low concentrated market structure. In addition,the Rosenbluth index presents the most consistent results for the Turkishpharmaceutical sector, which consists of hundreds of small companies having marketsshares of 7% at the highest.