Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2018Indication of the Screw Withdrawal Strength of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Wood Impregnated with Quechua and Different Boron Compounds
Şen, Selim; Fidan, M. Said; Alkan, Elif; Yaşar, Ş. Şadiye
Wooden materials are conducted to prevent damages (biotic, abiotic pests, fire, etc.) from the environment and are used to extend the usage life of wooden materials. Due to this reason, this study is determined different screw withdrawal strength properties of wooden material impregnated with quechua, borax and boric acid. The scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) test specimens are prepared with borax, boric acid, borax + boric acid, from borax compounds which have a great potential in Turkey, and with quechua, one of the natural impregnation substances. Then these samples are impregnated with three different (1%, 3%, 5%) solution concentrations according to ASTM 1413-76 standards. After impregnation, screw withdrawal strength samples are determined compared with control samples. According to the test results; the highest screw withdrawal strength values are determined in solution concentrations with %5 concentration. The highest boron compound values are determined in solution concentrations with boric acid+borax compounds. In this case, the boric acid at a concentration of 1% can be preferred in solid wood applications such as in places which are not exposed to rain water.
- MakaleYalnız künye2017Chemical Composition and in vitro Gas Production of Whole Cottonseed (Gossypium hirsitum L.) Cultivars
Kökten, Kağan; Ülger, İsmail; Fidan, M. Said; Kaplan, Mahmut
The present study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition, gas production, metabolic energy and organic matter digestibility of whole cottonseeds of five different cotton cultivars (Gossupolsuz 86, Lifsiz, Suregrov 125, Stoneville 453 and Nazilli). Crude protein contents of cottonseeds varied between 19.03-24.15%; ADF contents between 31.13-35.01%; NDF contents between 38.61-44.86%; crude ash contents between 2.98-4.39%; crude oil contents between 16.26-26.46% and dry matter between 65.06-69.13%. Gas production values varied between 60.33-92.71 mL; metabolic energy (ME) values between 7.94-11.42 MJ/kg/DM and organic matter digestibility (OMD) between 50.51-71.72%. The differences in chemical composition, gas production, ME and OMD values of cotton cultivars were found to be statistically significant (P<0.01). The cultivar Nazilli was prominent with high crude protein, metabolic energy, low ADF and NDF content. Current findings revealed that present cotton cultivars constituted high quality feed source for livestock
- MakaleYalnız künye2016Saunaların Yapım Teknikleri ve Tek Kişilik Konut Tipi Sauna Örneği
Fidan, M. Said; Kale, Brış; Yaşar, Memet; Yaşar, Şadiye Ş; Alkan, Elif; Altinok, Mustafa
Doğada, sıcak ve soğuk olmak üzere birbirine zıt iki kutup vardır. Sauna bu tezatların bir uygulama mekanıdır. Sauna, hava ve su vasıtasıyla soğutulan bir sıcak hava banyosudur. Bu banyo ile insan bedeni, soğuk ile sıcak arasındaki doğanın mücadelesini küçük çapta da olsa uygulamasını yaşamaktadır. Buna göre; sauna, sıcak ile soğuğun etkileri arasındaki sonsuz çekişmeyi temsil etmektedir. Sauna, bu iki büyük tesiri ideal bir şekilde bünyesinde toplamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, saunaların yapım teknikleri hakkında literatür taramaları ve tek kişilik konut tipi sauna yapımı örneklendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda; elde edilen teknik dokümanlar ve edinilen tecrübeler ile bütün tasarlanmış saunalara yeni bir alternatif olarak, konut tipi mekanlar için banyoda tek kişilik bir sauna modeli geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2016Characterization of the Combustion Parameters of Impregnated and Varnished Cedar Wood (Cedrus libani)
Fidan, M. Said; Yasar, S. Sadiye; Yasar, Mehmet; Atar, Musa; Alkan, Elif
The present study investigated the effect of various types of impregnating and surface treatment materials on the fire resistance of wood material indoors and outdoors. Wood samples (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) were impregnated with Wolmanit-CB or Tanalith-E according to ASTM D1413-76 (American Society for Testing and Materials 1976). The impregnated surface was treated with either synthetic or water-based outdoor varnish materials. The impregnated and varnished samples were left in outdoor conditions for 1 year. The combustion characteristics of the samples were investigated at the end of 1 year according to the combustion parameters detailed in the ASTM E160-50 (1975) combustion test. The results of this study indicated that the combustion parameters were lower in the 1-year-old samples (89.12% of control values), in the samples impregnated using Wolmanit-CB (89.18% of control values), and in samples treated using water-based varnish (88.43% of control values). The analysis of flue gas indicated that the O-2 content of the 1-year-old samples impregnated with Wolmanit-CB and treated with synthetic varnish was higher, whereas the CO content was lower. In conclusion, impregnated Wolmanit-CB specimens provide higher fire resistance.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2016Determining the Effect of Seasonal Variation in Spruce (Picea orientalis L.) Wood Treated with Various Impregnations on Combustion Resistance
Yasar, Ş. Şadiye; Fidan, M. Said; Yaşar, Mehmet; Atar, Musa; Alkan, Elif
Prepared test specimens were surface treated and coated with synthetic and water-based outdoor varnishes after being chemically impregnated. The test specimens were left outdoors to determine the effects of impregnation and treatment on the wood during each of the four seasons. Caucasian spruce (Picea orientalis L.) test specimens were prepared and combustion analyses were performed. As a result of the combustion test, weight loss results, as compared with the control, were 89% lower in the spring specimens, 90% lower with impregnation, and 90% lower with the synthetic varnish coating. Furthermore, the O2 amount during combustion was found to be the highest in combustion with a flame source in the winter specimens (21%). The CO2 amount was the highest in combustion without a flame source for full-year specimens (20%). The CO amount was the highest in combustion without a flame source of full-year specimens (31,787 ppm), and the NO amount was the highest during glowing of full-year specimens (55 ppm). Final results showed impregnation with Tanalith-E and water-based varnish coating to be the most effective fire protective treatments.
- MakaleYalnız künye2016Effect of seasonal changes on the combustion characteristics of impregnated cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) wood
Fidan, M. Said; Yaşar, Ş. Şadiye; Yaşar, Mehmet; Atar, Musa; Alkan, Elif
Wood is an irreplaceable material used as decorative and structural element both indoors and outdoors. When used as a structural material, wood has several superior characteristics in comparison to other structural constituents, although it is adversely affected by fires as well as biotic pests and abiotic effects. In this study, cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) wood samples were impregnated using either Tanalith-E or Wolmanit-CB as detailed in ASTM-D 1413-76 and surface-treated using water-based or synthetic varnish. The impregnated and varnished samples were left outdoors with the aim of investigating the effect of seasonal changes. The samples were later subjected to combustion analysis as detailed in the combustion test standard ASTM-E 160-50. The results of the study indicated that the weight loss was lower during winter (87.82%), for samples that were impregnated using Wolmanit-CB (88.90%) and those that were treated with synthetic varnish (88.45%). On the other hand the O2 and CO2 contents were determined to be the highest in fall during combustion without flame (18.16% and 17.96%, respectively); the CO content was the highest during combustion without flame for the winter samples (28,907 ppm) and the NO content was the highest during combustion without flame for the spring samples (76.15 ppm). In conclusion, the winter samples that were impregnated using Wolmanit-CB and treated with synthetic varnish were determined to be safer to employ in areas with high fire risk.
- MakaleYalnız künye2014Preparation and characterization of biodegradable rigid polyurethane foams from the liquefied eucalyptus and pine woods
Ertaş, Murat; Fidan, M. Said; Alma, Mehmet Hakki
In this study, eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) woods were liquefied using the the blended solvents mixture of polyethylene glycol PEG-400/glycerin in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst at 140-160°C for 120 min. The insoluble parts in the liquefied eucalyptus and pine were found as 17.8 and 5.5 wt. %, respectively. The acid and hydroxyl numbers of the liquefied eucalyptus and pine were determined and compared with each other. Polyurethane-type rigid foams (RPUFs) were successfully prepared by a co-polymerization of the liquefied woods (LWs) and polymeric methylene diphenylene diisocyanate (PMDI). The compressive strength (120 to 250 kPa), the modulus of elasticity (1 to 6 MPa), the density (20 to 50 kg.nr-3) and thermal conductivity (0.0352 to 0.0374 W.mK -1) of the RPUFs prepared from the LWs were found to be almost comparable to those of the synthetic foams. Furthermore, the biodegradability of the biomass-based foams was higher than that of the synthetic ones.
- MakaleYalnız künye2013Gümüşhane Yöresinde Yetişen Bazı Önemli Odun Dışı Orman Ürünleri ve Kullanım Miktarları
Adanur, Hakan; Fidan, M. Said; Öz, Ayşe; Turan, Bülent
Türkiye bitki tür çeşitliliği, yaban hayatı kaynakları ve endemik türler bakımından zengin kaynaklara sahiptir. Türkiye'nin sahip olduğu zengin biyolojik kaynaklarının önemli bir bölümünü ormanlar barındırmaktadır. Ormanlardan elde edilen odun hammaddesi son zamanlara kadar ormancılığın temel amacı olarak vurgulanmıştır. Ülkemizin 21,5 milyon hektar ile yüzölçümünün % 27,6'sını teşkil eden ormanlarımızın sahip olduğu biyolojik çeşitliliğinin büyük kısmını orman tali ürünü olarak bilinen odun dışı orman ürünleri (ODOÜ) oluşturmaktadır. Son yıllarda odun dışı orman ürünlerine yönelik bilinçlenme ve talep gittikçe artmaktadır. Bu artışta, yerel ve ulusal ekonomiler açısından odun dışı orman ürünlerinin önemli bir gelir ve istihdam kaynağı olarak görülmeye başlanmasının yanı sıra Dünya'da genel olarak doğal ürünlere olan talebin belirgin bir şekilde artışının da payı bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Gümüşhane ili doğal florasında bulunan ve ekonomik değeri yüksek olan bazı odun dışı orman ürünlerinin (ODOÜ) tespiti, yayılış bölgeleri, kullanım miktarları, literatür taramaları ve inceleme gezileri yapılarak belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma ile Gümüşhane ili ve çevresinde yayılış gösteren 38 adet ve bölgede kullanılan 23 adet bitki taksonu tespit edilmiştir.