Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026The relationship between individual learning preferences and academic achievement: A VARK model perspective among physical education and sports teaching students
Bayrakdaroğlu, Yeşim; Türker, Üstün; Ateş, Zeynep Hazal; Demir, Salih
Understanding the relationship between learning styles and academic achievement among students in Physical Education and Sports Teaching programs is crucial for designing more effective and student-centered instructional approaches. Accordingly, the primary aim of this study was to examine pre-service teachers’ individual learning styles and their relationship with academic performance. The study sample consisted of 548 undergraduate students from different year levels. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form and the VARK Learning Style Inventory (Version 7.0). The collected data were coded and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 27.0). Descriptive statistics were used to determine participants’ demographic characteristics, dominant learning modalities, and learning model types. To examine the relationship between dominant learning styles and academic achievement, chi-square and Linear-by-Linear Association tests were employed. The findings revealed that students predominantly preferred kinesthetic and read/write-oriented learning styles, and a considerable proportion exhibited multimodal learning preferences. Although no direct significant relationship was found between dominant learning styles and academic achievement, the influence of learning models on performance was observed particularly among students with moderate academic achievement levels. In conclusion, while learning styles do not solely determine academic success among pre-service teachers in sports sciences, they appear to be an influential factor in shaping the quality and flexibility of the learning process. Therefore, it is recommended that teaching practices incorporate applied and multidimensional approaches that take students’ individual learning preferences into account.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Casein Supplementation Timing and Exercise Performance in Soccer Players: Pre-Sleep vs. Post-Exercise Intake—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Ateş, Zeynep Hazal; Ceylan, Halil İbrahim; Kul, Murat; Muntean, Raul Ioan; Dhahbi, Wissem
Background: Nutrient timing strategies may influence recovery and performance in athletes; however, the effects of ingesting casein protein before sleep versus immediately after exercise remain unclear. This study compared the acute effects of pre-sleep and post-exercise ingestion of casein on high-intensity anaerobic performance in highly trained soccer players. Methods: Twenty-four highly trained male soccer players (mean age: 20.6 ± 1.8 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: post-exercise casein ingestion group (PECIG; n = 8), pre-sleep casein ingestion group (PSCIG; n = 8), and control group (CG; n = 8). Following a standardized high-intensity resistance training protocol, participants consumed 30 g of micellar casein dissolved in 300 mL of water either immediately after exercise or 30–60 min before bedtime. Performance was assessed using the Countermovement Jump (CMJ), the Illinois Agility Test (IAT), and the Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), which were conducted both before and 24 h after the training session. Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant group-by-time effects for CMJ (F = 8.21, p = 0.002, η2p = 0.36) and RAST performance variables, including peak power (F = 6.94, p = 0.003, η2p = 0.32), mean power (F = 7.42, p = 0.002, η2p = 0.34), and fatigue index (F = 5.87, p = 0.008, η2p = 0.28). Post hoc analyses showed that PSCIG significantly improved CMJ (Δ = +1.45 cm; p < 0.001, d = 2.04) and RAST mean power (Δ = +125.14 W; p = 0.002, d = 1.55) compared with the control condition. PECIG significantly enhanced RAST peak power (Δ = +205.79 W; p = 0.001, d = 1.64), mean power (Δ = +128.43 W; p = 0.013, d = 1.24), and fatigue index (Δ = +4.12 W/s; p = 0.010, d = 1.29) relative to CG. No performance differences were observed between PSCIG and PECIG timing conditions (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: Both pre-sleep and post-exercise casein ingestion enhanced anaerobic performance in highly trained soccer players, with each timing method favoring different performance outcomes. However, neither strategy demonstrated superiority over the other, suggesting that casein timing may be flexibly applied according to athletes’ preferences and training contexts.