Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2018Ahşap Koruyucuların Sapsız Meşe (Quercus Petreae L.) Ağacının Yanma Özelliklerine Etkileri
Atar, Musa; Yasar, Sekip Sadiye
Bu çalışma, ahşap koruyucu ile emprenye edilmiş, üst yüzey işlemleri uygulanmış sapsız meşe (Quercus petraea L.) odununun yanma özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu maksatla ASTM–E 160-50 ‘ye göre hazırlanan sapsız meşe örnekleri ASTM-D 1413-76 ‘ya göre tanalith-E ve wolmanit-CB ile emprenye edilmiş, ASTM-D 3023’ e göre sentetik ve su bazlı vernik ile verniklenmiştir. Yanma deneyi, alev kaynaklı yanma (CWF), kendi kendine yanma (CWOF)ve kor halde yanma (ECP) olmak üzere 3 aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yanma deneyi ile ağırlık kaybı, toplam yanma süresi, yıkılma süresi ve CWF, CWOF ve ECP periyotlarındaki yanma sıcaklık değerleri belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; emprenye uygulamaları toplam yanma süresini %15-18 arasında arttırmış, yıkılma süresini azaltmıştır. Vernik çeşitlerin tam tersi sonuçlar elde edilmiş, toplam yanma süresi %19-21 arasında azalmış, yıkılma süresi %10-22 arasında artmıştır. Alev kaynaklı aşamasında yanma sıcaklığı en yüksek su bazlı vernikli (490 o C), en düşük vernik uygulanmayan örneklerde (458 o C), alev kaynağı olamadan kendi kendine yanmada en yüksek su bazlı vernikte (572 o C), en düşük sentetik vernik uygulanan örneklerde (544 o C), kor halde yanmada en yüksek sıcaklık vernik uygulanmayan örneklerde (306.5 o C), en düşük sentetik vernik uygulanan örneklerde (262.7 °C) elde edilmiştir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018The Effects of Wood Preservatives on the Combustion Characteristics of Sessile Oak (Quercus Petreae L.)
Yasar, Sekip Sadiye; Atar, Musa
This study carried out to determine the combustion properties of the sessile oak wood (Quercus petraea L.) which impregnated with wood preservative and subjected to surface treatments. For this purpose, the samples, which were prepared from sessile oak wood according to ASTM-E 160-50 combustion principles, impregnated with wolmanit-CB (WC) and tanalith-E (T) in accordance with ASTM-D 1413-76 and then synthetic (St) and Water-based (wb) varnishes were applied according to ASTM-D 3023. The combustion test was carried out in 3 stages, combustion with flame (CWF), self-combustion without flame source (CWOF) and ember combustion stage (ECP). It was aimed to determine the combustion temperature values in CWF, CWOF and ECP stage, weight loss, total combustion time and demolition time. As a result, impregnation applications have increased the total combustion time to between 15-18% and reduced the demolition period. The exact opposite results were obtained for the varnish types, the total combustion time was reduced by 19-21% and the demolition time increased by 10-22%. In CWF stage, the highest temperature was obtained in water-based varnished samples (490 degrees C), the lowest in non-varnished samples (458 degrees C); in CWOF stage the highest temperature in water-based varnished samples (572 degrees C), the lowest in synthetic varnished samples (544 degrees C); and in ECP stage the highest temperature in non-varnished samples (306.5 degrees C), the lowest in the samples with the synthetic varnished (262.7 degrees C).
- MakaleYalnız künye2017Combustion properties of impregnated spruce (Picea orientalis L.) wood
Şadiye Yasar, Ş.; Said Fidan, M.; Yaşar, Mehmet; Atar, Musa; Alkan, Elif
Wooden material is one of the most commonly used construction materials since history of humanity due to its environment friendly and renewable natural source. This structure of wood material is also preferred because it is lightweight, easy to work, resistant to factors such as earthquake and fire, as compared to other used building materials. However, organic structure of the wooden material causes it to be affected negatively because of damages that might occur outdoors under inappropriate conditions. Due to this reason, in this study were investigated effects of various chemicals (impregnated and varnish type), used to prevent environmental damages (biotic, abiotic pests, fire etc.) on combustion resistance of the wood exposed to air conditions for a year. For this purpose, prepared Caucasian spruce (Picea orientalis L.) specimens were surface treated (synthetic and water-based varnish) after impregnated according to ASTM-D 1413-76 principles with various chemicals (Tanalith-E and Wolmanit-CB). Test specimens with impregnated, varnished and processless, were left in outdoor conditions for a year. Combustion experiment was conducted according to the principles in ASTM-E 160-50 combustion test standards. According to the results of the experiment, control and year specimens had close results in the weight loss. Weight loss was found be lower Wolmanit-CB impregnated specimens (92.12%) among the impregnated materials to synthetic varnish coated specimens (% 91.89) among the varnished specimens. It was determined that using Wolmanit-CB for impregnating and synthetic varnish for varnishing would be better according to the results. Furthermore, the amount of O2 (25.84 ppm) in control specimens in combustion with flame; the amounts of CO and CO2 (31787, 19.92 ppm respectively) in year specimens in combustion without flame and the amount of NO (54.65 ppm) in year specimens in glowing was observed to be the highest.
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2016Characterization of the Combustion Parameters of Impregnated and Varnished Cedar Wood (Cedrus libani)
Fidan, M. Said; Yasar, S. Sadiye; Yasar, Mehmet; Atar, Musa; Alkan, Elif
The present study investigated the effect of various types of impregnating and surface treatment materials on the fire resistance of wood material indoors and outdoors. Wood samples (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) were impregnated with Wolmanit-CB or Tanalith-E according to ASTM D1413-76 (American Society for Testing and Materials 1976). The impregnated surface was treated with either synthetic or water-based outdoor varnish materials. The impregnated and varnished samples were left in outdoor conditions for 1 year. The combustion characteristics of the samples were investigated at the end of 1 year according to the combustion parameters detailed in the ASTM E160-50 (1975) combustion test. The results of this study indicated that the combustion parameters were lower in the 1-year-old samples (89.12% of control values), in the samples impregnated using Wolmanit-CB (89.18% of control values), and in samples treated using water-based varnish (88.43% of control values). The analysis of flue gas indicated that the O-2 content of the 1-year-old samples impregnated with Wolmanit-CB and treated with synthetic varnish was higher, whereas the CO content was lower. In conclusion, impregnated Wolmanit-CB specimens provide higher fire resistance.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2016Combustion Characteristics of Impregnated and Surface-treated Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Wood Left Outdoors for One Year
Fidan, Muhammed Said; Yaşar, Şekip Şadiye; Yaşar, Mehmet; Atar, Musa; Alkan, Elif
Treating wood with impregnating materials in order to improve resistance to burning is a commonly employed safety measure. In this study, chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) wood samples were impregnated using either Tanalith-E or Wolmanit-CB according to ASTM-D 1413-76 and surface-treated using water-based or synthetic varnish according to ASTM-D 3023. These samples were used to investigate the combustion characteristics of samples left outdoors for one year as detailed in ASTM-E 160-50. The combustion temperatures of the samples left outdoors were similar upon impregnation with either Tanalith-E or Wolmanit-CB. However, the combustion temperature of the samples treated with synthetic varnish was lower than those that were treated with water-based varnish. The time to collapse and the total duration of combustion of the samples left outdoors were shorter for those impregnated with Wolmanit-CB. Weight loss of the samples left outdoors was higher for those that were impregnated with Tanalith-E and treated with water-based varnish. Gas analysis of the samples that were left outdoors indicated that the O2 content of flue gas from samples that were impregnated with Wolmanit-CB and treated with synthetic varnish was high and the CO content of flue gas from the same samples was low.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2016Determining the Effect of Seasonal Variation in Spruce (Picea orientalis L.) Wood Treated with Various Impregnations on Combustion Resistance
Yasar, Ş. Şadiye; Fidan, M. Said; Yaşar, Mehmet; Atar, Musa; Alkan, Elif
Prepared test specimens were surface treated and coated with synthetic and water-based outdoor varnishes after being chemically impregnated. The test specimens were left outdoors to determine the effects of impregnation and treatment on the wood during each of the four seasons. Caucasian spruce (Picea orientalis L.) test specimens were prepared and combustion analyses were performed. As a result of the combustion test, weight loss results, as compared with the control, were 89% lower in the spring specimens, 90% lower with impregnation, and 90% lower with the synthetic varnish coating. Furthermore, the O2 amount during combustion was found to be the highest in combustion with a flame source in the winter specimens (21%). The CO2 amount was the highest in combustion without a flame source for full-year specimens (20%). The CO amount was the highest in combustion without a flame source of full-year specimens (31,787 ppm), and the NO amount was the highest during glowing of full-year specimens (55 ppm). Final results showed impregnation with Tanalith-E and water-based varnish coating to be the most effective fire protective treatments.
- MakaleYalnız künye2016Influences of seasonal alterations on the burning characteristics of impregnated and surface treated chestnut (Castanea sativa mill ) wood
Yasar, S. Sadiye; Fidan, Muhammed Said; Yasar, Mehmet; Atar, Musa; Alkan, Elif
Wood material is generally preferred due to its resilience against earthquakes, aesthetic properties, and its warmth as well as being natural. One of the major problems of employing this natural and breathable product is its ease of combustibility. Despite this adverse characteristic, its high resistance against burning and its ability to maintain its weight bearing characteristics until the very end does not lead to sudden collapses as is seen in steel and concrete systems. Treating wood with impregnating materials in order to improve its resistance against burning is an improved safety measure for the prevention of ignition. This study investigate seasonal effects on the ignition characteristics of chestnut wood samples impregnated using either Tanalith-E or Wolmanit-CB as detailed in ASTM-D 1413-76 and surface-treated using water-based or synthetic varnish as detailed in ASTM-D 3023- 88. The temperature of burning process was the highest in the investigated samples, in those impregnated with Wolmanit-CB and those that were treated with water-based varnish. The results of the study indicated that weight loss was lower during winter (84.59 %), for samples that were impregnated using Wolmanit-CB (84.46 %) and in those that were treated with water-based varnish (84.18 %). On the other hand, the O2 content was determined to be the highest and the CO content the lowest in winter samples that were impregnated using Wolmanit-CB and treated with synthetic varnish.
- MakaleYalnız künye2016Effect of seasonal changes on the combustion characteristics of impregnated cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) wood
Fidan, M. Said; Yaşar, Ş. Şadiye; Yaşar, Mehmet; Atar, Musa; Alkan, Elif
Wood is an irreplaceable material used as decorative and structural element both indoors and outdoors. When used as a structural material, wood has several superior characteristics in comparison to other structural constituents, although it is adversely affected by fires as well as biotic pests and abiotic effects. In this study, cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) wood samples were impregnated using either Tanalith-E or Wolmanit-CB as detailed in ASTM-D 1413-76 and surface-treated using water-based or synthetic varnish. The impregnated and varnished samples were left outdoors with the aim of investigating the effect of seasonal changes. The samples were later subjected to combustion analysis as detailed in the combustion test standard ASTM-E 160-50. The results of the study indicated that the weight loss was lower during winter (87.82%), for samples that were impregnated using Wolmanit-CB (88.90%) and those that were treated with synthetic varnish (88.45%). On the other hand the O2 and CO2 contents were determined to be the highest in fall during combustion without flame (18.16% and 17.96%, respectively); the CO content was the highest during combustion without flame for the winter samples (28,907 ppm) and the NO content was the highest during combustion without flame for the spring samples (76.15 ppm). In conclusion, the winter samples that were impregnated using Wolmanit-CB and treated with synthetic varnish were determined to be safer to employ in areas with high fire risk.