Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Relationship of progranulin response with some physio-biochemical parameters in Akkaraman sheep
Bayraktar, Buelent; Tekce, Emre; Genç, Murat; Kaya, Hacer; Özcan, Gulbahar Boyuk; Aydemir, Seyma; Kotan, Goksad Cemil; Takma, Cigdem; Ürüsan, Hilal; Aksakal, Vecihi
Progranulin (PGRN) is a multifunctional protein that is critical in the retention of embryos in the endometrium of the uterus and the protection of cervical tissue during fetal growth. In case of PGRN release and dysfunction, cervical tissue may remodel (regeneration) and lead to the risk of abortion. Serum PGRN level in sheep and its variation according to different physiological periods and its relationship with some biochemical parameters are unknown. In this study, the relationship between early lactation, early and late pregnancy serum PGRN levels and some biochemical parameters in Akkaraman sheep was investigated for the first time. In the literature search, no similar studies were found on the relationship between early lactation, early and late pregnancy serum PGRN levels and some biochemical parameters in Akkaraman sheep. The research was carried out on 90 Akkaraman sheep reared in the same herd under the same care and feeding conditions. In the study, Akkaraman ewe were divided into 3 groups as early lactation, early pregnancy and late pregnancy. 1st group is early lactation period ewe (first 60 days of lactation), (n = 30), 2nd group is in the first period of pregnancy (on the 0-90th day of the first pregnancy (n = 30)), 3rd group is in the late pregnancy of pregnancy (100-150 days of pregnancy (n = 30)) was created. Blood samples from vena jugularis were taken before morning feeding from the animals that formed the study groups. PGRN levels in serum were determined by ELISA method. In addition, glucose, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were analyzed in biochemistry autoanalyzer. As a result of the study, lactation and early pregnancy and late pregnancy mean serum PGRN levels were determined as 1.93, 1.78, 1.33 ng mL-1, respectively. The serum PGRN, glucose, Ca, Mg, P, TC, TG, LDL, HDL and VLDL levels of sheep with late pregnancy, early lactation and early pregnancy periods, which constitute the study groups, were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Our results have shown that due to the physiological role of PRGN in keeping the embryo in the endometrium of the uterine and in preserving the cervical tissue during fetal growth, there may be a useful parameter in the pursuit of the pregnancy process.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Investigation of endocrine response of thyroid and intestinal and adipose tissues due to the addition of Moringa oleifera essential oil in diet for quails exposed to heat stress
Bayraktar, Bulent; Tekce, Emre; Bayraktar, Sevil; Böyük, Gulbahar; Takma, Cigdem; Aksakal, Vecihi; Genç, Murat; Kaya, Hacer; Ülker, Ufuk; Gürbüz, Ahmet Burak
-In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera essential oil (MOEO) supplementation to rations of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) grown under heat stress (HS) on some adipokine (visfatin, adiponectin, and chemerin), intestinal (citrulline), 3,5,3 '-triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH) levels in the serum. For this purpose, 320 day-old male quail chicks were used. The study was conducted over 42 days, including a 7-d adaptation period and a 35-d experimental period. Eight trial groups were established, each including 10 quail: CT (control temperature, 25 celcius), MOEO 200, MOEO 400, MOEO 600, HSC (HS control), SMOEO 200, SMOEO 400, and SMOEO 600. Based on the results, a dose-dependent decrease was observed on days 21 and 42 in serum adiponectin and T3 in the stress and stress-free groups compared with the control group due to MOEO supplementation. The lowest decrease was observed in the MOEO 600 mg/kg dose group. In addition, an increase in stressed groups was observed when examining serum citrulline levels, while chemerin levels did not have a statistically significant effect. While the decrease in serum visfatin, T4, and TSH levels on the 21st day did not have a statistically significant effect, a significant effect was determined on the 42nd day. The addition of MOEO at 600 mg/kg to the ration may be beneficial in preventing intestinal damage and inflammation that may occur due to HS.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Response of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) to dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera essential oil under heat stress condition
Tekce, Emre; Bayraktar, Bülent; Aksakal, Vecihi; Dertli, Enes; Kamiloğlu, Aybike; Çinar Topcu, Kübra; Takma, Çiğdem; Gül, Mehmet; Kaya, Hacer
The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of the dietary use of different doses of Moringa oleifera essential oil (MOEO) on performance parameters, internal organ weights and meat quality in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to Heat Stress (HS). For this purpose, 320 male day-old quail chicks were used. Seven days of preliminary (physical exercise) and a 35-day fattening period were applied. The animals were divided into 8 groups, each including 40 animals according to temparature (C: 25 °C and SC: 37 °C) and dietary doses (C, 200, 400 and 600). Each group was divided into 4 subgroups, each comprising 10 animals. The consequences of this study showed that, in the stress-free (HSF) groups, while all of the different doses of dietary MOEO positively affected growth performance, feed intake and feed efficiency, in the HS groups, similar positive effects were observed with the use of 200 ppm of dietary MOEO. While no effect was detected on internal organ weights on Days 21 and 42 in the HSF and HS groups, a dose-dependent increase was determined in the intestinal pH value on day 42 in the HS group (p <.05). Additionally, in the analysis of meat quality on the 21st and 42 days compared to the controls, no effect was observed on the meat colour parameters value and TBARS level in the HS and HSF groups. Based on the consequences of this study, it is considered that, MOEO could be used as an alternative product in poultry, at a dose of 200 ppm, to reduce the detrimental effects of HS.HIGHLIGHTS Temperature stress, performance parameters and serious problems in the health of poultry. Moringa olifera helps regulate performance parameters in poultry exposed to heat stress. Since the addition of Moringa oleifera to the diets does not affect the organ weight and meat quality in 21 and 42 days, it does not cause any negative effects for the consumer.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018Relationships between GH/AluI Polymorphism and Some Performance Traits in Holstein Cows
Aksakal, Vecihi; Sönmez, Zeynep; Bayram, Bahri; Özdemir, Memiş
The aim of this study is to determine the genotype and allelic frequencies of Growth Hormone (GH) gene, to present the genetic variation, and to research the relationships between the GH genotypes and some milk production traits of 115 organically grown Holstein cows. It was seen that GH gene LL, LV ve VV genotype frequencies is 0.41, 0.49, ve 0.10 respectively, and is stable according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium genetic balance test in the cattle population. Moreover, Lactation milk yield averages were found to be 7136 kg, 7470 kg and 8017 kg for the LL, LV and VV genotypes, respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship between the actual lactation milk yield, 305d milk yield, peak daily yield, lactation length averages of different genotypes. In the study, GH/AluI polymorphism was found to be insufficient for improvement of the milk yield traits alone
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018The effect of apple cider vinegar and mushroom stalk supplementation on laying hens
Karaalp, Musa; Aksakal, Vecihi; Sarikaya, Sevim Beyza Ozturk; Urusan, Hilal; Bayram, Bahri; Zulkadir, Ayhan
The aim of this trial was to study the effects of consuming water with apple cider vinegar (ACV) and feed including mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) stalk (MS) on performance and certain egg characteristics. The hens were separated into four treatment groups (with 4 replicates and 6 hens per replicate). The experimental groups were control (not consumed ACV and MS), ACV (3 ml/l drinking water), MS (20 g/kg feed) and ACV+MS (combination). At the end of the experiment, among the performance criteria tested, body weight, feed intake, egg production and weight of eggs, and feed efficiency were not affected by the treatments (P>0.05). Treatments had no effect on physical external and internal egg characteristics. The amount of yolk malondialdehyde of the ACV and MS groups was lower than the control group (P<0.05) in stored eggs (28 d) (P<0.05).
- MakaleYalnız künye2018The relationships between performance traits and the bGH/Alu i and Pit-1/ Hinf I polymorphisms in Holstein cows
Ozdemir, Memis; Topal, Mehmet; Aksakal, Vecihi
Progress in genetic selection in livestock can be increased by marker asisted selection. The identification of favorable genetic markers is one of the most important stages in marker-asisted selection. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of the bGH/AluI and Pit-1/HinfI polymorphisms on the production traits of organic reared cows. Genotyping was performed on total 245 Holstein cows, n=181 for Pit-1 gene and n=186 for bGH gene. Milk yields and some reproduction traits analyzed by analysis of variance using the general linear model procedure, and 703 production records from cows were used to. The results showed that neither the Pit-1/Hinf I nor bGH/Alu I polymorphisms affect the tested milk traits (p>0.05).
- MakaleYalnız künye2017Effect of Growth Hormone Genetic Polymorphism on Calf Birth Weight
Sonmez, Zeynep; Aksakal, Vecihi; Özdemir, Memiş
The aim of study were to present relationships between birth weight of 94 Holstein calves with genotype structures of each sample’s Growth Hormone (GH) determined through PCR-RFLP method and to detect the population’s genetic variation by determining the genotype and allel frequency distribution. In the study, according to the analysis result, it was determined that Growth Hormone gene LL genotype was 41.9 kg, LL was 40.8 kg, and VV was 42.2 kg for the birth weight. A significant relationship between birth weight with GH genotypes could not be found. It was seen that the calf population is not stable according to Hardy-Weinberg genetic balance test.
- MakaleYalnız künye2017Organik Olarak Üretilen Yumurtaların Bazı Besinsel ve Duyusal Özelliklerinin İyileştirilme Olanakları
Kaya, Hacer; Aksakal, Vecihi; Karaalp, Musa
Organik olarak üretilen tavuk yumurtasının daha fazla besleyicilik ve duyusal özelliklere sahip olmasının yanı sıra sağlığa zararlı herhangi bir madde içermemesi, tüketicinin öncelikli beklentilerindendir. Araştırmalar, beklenenin aksine; kafes yumurtaları ile organik yumurtaların kuru madde, lipit ve yağ asitleri arasında önemli bir farklılık bulunmadığını göstermektedir. Organik yumurtanın kafes yumurtasına göre yaklaşık iki kat fiyata satılmasının sadece psikolojik ve etik motivasyon taşıdığı bildirilmektedir. Avrupa Birliği Konseyi organik yumurta üretiminde tavukların bazal rasyonun yanı sıra yeşil kaba yem materyallerine erişimini de gerekli görmektedir. Ancak bu erişimin sağlanması durumunda, organik olarak üretilen yumurta tüketici beklentilerine karşılık verebilir. Araştırmalar ülkemiz Organik Tarım Kanuna göre tavuk başına ayrılan 4 m2 'lik gezinti alanının bu talepleri karşılamada yeterli olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu durum tavuklara ayrılan gezinti alanının çeşitli yem bitkileri ile rotasyona uygun olarak ekili olmasını sağlayacak şekilde artırılmasını veya gezinti alanına dışarıdan ilave yeşil kaba yem materyallerinin getirilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Böylece fonksiyonel gıda özelliği olan bir ürün elde etmenin yanı sıra gagalama ve kanibalizmin azalarak hayvan refahının arttığı bir üretim tarzına ulaşılmış olacaktır. Bu derlemede organik yumurta üretiminde başta karotenoidler olmak üzere yağ asitleri gibi kimyasal içeriklerin artırılması ile renk, koku ve tat gibi duyusal özelliklerin iyileştirilme olanaklarına yönelik uygulamalara yer verilmiştir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2017Prevalence and comparing of some microbiological properties, somatic cell count and antibiotic residue of organic and conventional raw milk produced in Turkey
Ürkek, Bayram; Şengül, Mustafa; Erkaya, Tuba; Aksakal, Vecihi
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of production systems and milk collection periods on the somatic cell count (SCC), some microbiological properties, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), coliform, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), yeast and mould) and antibiotic residue of milk; in Turkey. Milk samples were collected from 9 conventional farms and 9 organic farms during one year time, at six different months (December 2013 to October 2014), and all farms were selected from the same geographical locations. All organically managed farms had organic production certificates given by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. The count of TAMB, coliform, and coagulase positive S. aureus were affected by production systems at the level of p<0.01; yeast and mold, and somatic cell count (SCC) were affected at the level of p<0.05. But, differences according to months were statistically significant only on TAMB (p<0.01) and coliform (p<0.05) counts. The general means of TAMB, coliform and yeast and mould counts of the organic milk (OM) were significantly lower (p<0.05), while the general means of SCC and coagulase positive S. aureus count of the OM was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to conventional milk (CM). Antibiotic residue was determined in one of the CM sample and in two of the OM samples. Our study is the first research that compared conventional and organic milk in Turkey. This study indicated that the microbiological quality of OM was the higher in terms of TAMB, coliform and yeast and mould, whereas was the lower in relation to SCC and coagulase positive S. aureus counts. But, the quality of both milk types should be improved.
- MakaleYalnız künye2016Determining the Factors Affecting Farmers' Decision on Organic Livestock
Özkök, Canan Sancar; Demir, Okan; Aksakal, Vecihi; Aksoy, Adem; Demir, Nuray
Çalışmada, üreticilerin organik hayvancılık yapma kararları üzerine etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda organik hayvancılığa yönelik önemli projelerden birinin uygulandığı Gümüşhane ili çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır. Çalışmaya ait veriler, 25 baş ve üstü büyükbaş hayvan sayısına sahip konvansiyonel hayvancılık yapan üreticilere yönelik, tam sayım esasına göre 134 adet anket çalışmasından elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler Logit Modelin tahmininde kullanılmıştır. Modelde, hayvancılık desteklerinden faydalanma oranı ve kaba yem ihtiyacını işletmeden karşılama oranı yüksek olan ve buna ek olarak fabrika yemi kullanma oranı düşük olan işletmelerde organik hayvancılığa geçiş eğiliminin daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç itibariyle, mevcut destekleme politikaları içerisinde yer alan yem bitkileri desteklerinin yıllar itibariyle artırılmasının üreticilerin organik hayvancılık yapma istekleri üzerinde olumlu etkiye neden olacağı ve bu durumun kârlı ve ihtisaslaşmış bir hayvancılık faaliyetinin sürdürülmesi açısından da önemli olacağı düşünülmektedir.
- MakaleYalnız künye2016Siyah Alaca İneklerde Güç ve Ölü Doğumun Takip Eden Laktasyon Performansına Etkisi
Topal, Mehmet; Aksakal, Vecihi; Bayram, Bahri
Bu çalışmada, Siyah Alaca ineklerde güç ve ölü doğumun takip eden laktasyon performansına etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Gümüşhane ili Kelkit ilçesinde faaliyet gösteren özel bir sığırı işletmesinde 2005-2006 yılları arasında doğum yapan 326 Siyah Alaca ineğin 591 doğum ve süt verim kayıtları kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, ölü doğum ve güç doğumla birlikte, buzağılama yılı ve mevsimi, doğum sırası ve doğum tipi gibi değişkenlerin 305 günlük süt verimi ve sağılan gün sayısına etkisi de araştırılmıştır. Siyah Alaca sığırlarda güç doğum ve ölü doğum ortalaması sırasıyla, %8.7 ve %9.1 olmuştur. Güç doğum yapan ineklerin 305 günlük süt verimi (608.6 kg) ve sağılan gün sayısı (23.1 gün) normal doğum yapanlara göre önemli oranda daha düşüktür (P<0.01). Ölü doğum gerçekleştiren ineklerin, sağ doğum gerçekleştirenlere göre 305 günlük süt verimi ve sağılan gün sayısı sırasıyla 925.7 kg ve 26.5 gün daha azdır (P<0.01). Sonuç olarak, süt ve buzağı kayıpları başta olmak üzere önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olan güç ve ölü doğum, aynı zamanda hayvan refahı bakımından bazı sorunlar teşkil etmektedir. İyi bir sürü yönetimi ile bu etkiler azaltılabilir.
- MakaleYalnız künye2016Sustainability Organic Agriculture and Livestock Production with Respect to European Union in Eastern Anatolia and East Black Sea Regions
Altun, Hilal Ürüşan; Haşimoğlu, Sümer; Aksakal, Vecihi; Cengiz, Mahir Murat; Erdoğan, Yaşar; Bayram, Bahri; Dellal, Gürsel
The majority of farm households in Turkey and especially the Eastern Anatoliaare still based on low-input semi subsistence agriculture and livestock production. Despite a slow decline in recent years, agriculture and livestock production remains a major employer in Turkey and it is a significant contributor to the country's gross domestic product, GDP. Whist Turkey is one of the EU candidate countries, is self sufficient in food production and Turkish agriculture is poorly structured inefficient, with farming in the Eastern Anatoliabeingmainlysubsistencefarming. Yet,thesetraditionalruralstructures combined with poor access to low level of education and low level of off-farm unemployment problem makes the situation more complicated and unsustainable. The best way to promote sustainability, better and higher production of Eastern Anatolian and rural Turkey is to invest in the local people, villages through improved, continuing and effective agricultural and livestock programs in particular.Investment in human capital especiallyintheruralareasleadstomoreemploymentopportunitiesthrough entrepreneurship and innovation in organic agriculture and livestock production. A holistic approach to developing and improving supply chains could unlock the potential forsophisticated,state-of-the-artorganicagricultureandlivestockproducersand businesses in the region to become EU and global players. Eastern Anatolian livestock producers and the farmers have the ambitions to take part in future progress because the region is naturally organic not by design but default.It is for sure that present potential of the region has not been fully determined and utilized. EU has greatly benefited from previous enlargements economically, politically and socially. When European Union (EU) and Turkish Government relations considered and accession of Turkey to EU would be the logical consequence of the previous accessions. The screening on chapter 11 (Agriculture and rural development) is one of the important criteria and Turkey is working on to meet these benchmarks.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2016Comparison of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM) concentrations in calves raised under organic and conventional conditions
Bayram, Bahri; Aksakal, Vecihi; Turan, Ibrahim; Demir, Selim; Mazlum, Halit; Çosar, Ikram
The objective of study was conducted on to compare immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in calves raised under organic and conventional conditions. 30 newborn Holstein Friesian calves (15 rose under organic and 15 under conventional conditions) in two dairy cattle farms. Blood samples were taken from 30 newborn calves at birth (before taking colostrum) and on 14th day to compare immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in calves raised under organic and conventional conditions. Furthermore, blood and colostrum samples were also taken from the mothers included into the study. IgG and IgM concentrations in colostrum and blood serums were determined using commercial ELISA kits. IgG concentrations at birth (0.79±0.34, 1.64±0.95 mg/mL) and on the 14th day (46.5±21.5, 70.5±27.8 mg/mL) in calves raised under organic conditions were lower than those raised under conventional conditions (p<0.01). Calves raised under organic conditions also had lower IgM concentrations than calves raised under conventional conditions at birth (0.23±0.03 and 0.28±0.11 mg/mL, respectively) and on the 14th day (2.76±0.56 and 4,30±1.03 mg/mL, respectively) (p<0.05, p<0.01). IgG concentrations in the blood serum of cows raised under conventional conditions were higher than those raised under organic conditions (p<0.01), while no difference was found with respect to IgM concentrations (p>0.05). No difference was found in the IgG and IgM concentrations of colostrum obtained from cows raised under organic and conventional conditions. In both the husbandry systems, positive and significant (p<0.01) correlations were found between the Ig concentrations of the mothers and offsprings. Consequently, it can be suggested that higher Ig concentrations in cattle raised under conventional conditions might be due to poorer environmental conditions.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2015Investigate the effects of non-genetic factors on calving difficulty and stillbirth rate in holstein friesian cattle using the CHAID analysis; [Genetiksel Olmayan Faktörlerin Siyah Alaca Sığırlarda Güç ve Ölü Doğuma Etkilerinin CHAID Analizi İle İncelenmesi]
Bayram, Bahri; Topal, Mehmet; Aksakal, Vecihi; Önk, Kadir
A total number of 947 calving records from 613 Holstein Friesian cows raised at a private dairy farm in Kelkit, Turkey, from 2004 to 2006 were used to study the effect of non-genetic factors on calving difficulty and stillbirth rate using CHAID algorithm. The mean calf birth weight was 41.0±0.19 kg. The overall incidence of calving difficulty and stillbirths in the Holstein Friesian herd were 9.1% and 9.4%, respectively. Calf birth weight, birth type and calving season had the greatest impact on calving difficulty. The increase in calf birth weight was associated with a significant increase in calving difficulties (P<0.01). The calving difficulty risk in twins (18.9%) was higher than in singleton calves (5.0%). The main environmental variables affecting the stillbirth rate were parity number, calf birth weight, sex of calf, calving season and calving difficulty. Parity number was statistically the most relevant factor affecting the stillbirth rate, which was also higher in primiparous (18.7%) than in multiparous cows (5.4%). As the calf birth weight increased, a significant increase was also in the stillbirth rate (P<0.01). The stillbirth rate in winter (19.7%) was higher than in other seasons (3.6%) (P<0.01). Calving assistance was associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (P<0.05). As a result, calf birth weight, birth type and calving season had the greatest impact variables on calving difficulty, however, parity, calf birth weight, sex, calving season and calving difficulty were the most effective variables on stillbirth in Holstein Friesian Cattle.
- MakaleYalnız künye2014The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on milk yield, milk compositions and body condition score raised organically in dairy cows
Bayram, Bahri; Aksakal, Vecihi; Karaalp, Musa; Mazlum, Halit
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on milk yield, milk compositions and the body condition score raised organically in dairy cattle. For this aim, 120 lactating Holstein Friesian dairy cows were randomly divided into group control (n = 60) and treatment (n = 60) in a private organic dairy farming in the Kelkit District of the Gumushane Province in Turkey. The diet of group treatment each cow was supplementation with 6 g SC per day. The experimental was started after 30 days of calving and lasted 45 days after. The average daily milk yield production (p<0.01) was higher in the SC group (34.6±0.31 vs. 31.8±0.44kg day-1 in the treated and control group, respectively). The effect of SC on some milk compositions as non-fat solids (%), milk fat (%), protein (%) and lactose were statistically non-significant. Body condition score in the treated group (2.74±0.016) was higher than control group (2.58±0.017) (p<0.01). It was concluded that milk yield capacities in organic dairy cattle farming in case that the similar results are confirmed with additional studies can be substantially increased.
- MakaleYalnız künye2012Çoklu doğrusal regresyon ve yapay sinir ağı modellerinin laktasyon süt verimlerine uyum yeteneklerinin karşılaştırılması
Takma, Çiğdem; Aksakal, Vecihi; Atil, Hulya
Bu çalışmada Siyah Alaca ineklerin laktasyon süt verimleri üzerine laktasyon süresi (LS), buzağılama yılı (BY) ve servis periyodunun (SP) etkisi çoklu regresyon ve yapay sinir ağı (YSA) ile modellenmiş ve modellerin uyum yetenekleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Analizler 2006, 2007 ve 2008 tarihlerinde buzağılayan toplam 305 adet Siyah Alaca ineğin ilk beş laktasyonuna ait süt verimleri üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Yapay sinir ağları modelinde tekrarlanan denemeler sonucunda seçilen mimariye göre, gizli katman sayısı bir ve bu katmandaki gizli düğüm sayısı üç olarak alınmıştır. Ayrıca yakınsama kriteri 1.10-6, maksimum iterasyon sayısı 50 ve algoritmanın sonlanması her bir çalıştırma için 20 devir (epoch) alınmıştır. Yapay sinir ağları ile çoklu regresyon modelinin iyi uyumunun karşılaştırılmasında düzeltilmiş belirleme katsayısı (R2) , hata kareler ortalamasının karekökü (Root Mean Square Error-RMSE), ortalama mutlak sapma (Mean Absolute Deviation-MAD) ve ortalama mutlak yüzde hata (Mean Absolute Percentage Error-MAPE) performans kriterleri kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda yapay sinir ağları modeli ile ilk beş laktasyona ait R2 değerleri 0.62-0.85 arasında, RMSE değerleri 480.9-1682.8 arasında, MAD değerleri 325.2-1381.7 ve MAPE değerleri 6.1-20.2 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Çoklu doğrusal regresyonda ise bu değerler sırası ile R2 için 0.30 ile 0.75 arasında, RMSE için 1964.8-3008.7 arasında, MAD değeri 1576.6-2458.3 arasında ve MAPE değeri 24.7-35.6 arasında bulunmuştur. Söz konusu kriterlere göre bu modeller karşılaştırıldığında, bu çalışmada kullanılan süt verimlerinin tahminlenmesinde yapay sinir ağı modelinin çoklu doğrusal regresyon modelinden daha iyi uyum sağladığı gözlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla, yapay sinir ağlarının regresyon analizine alternatif bir metod olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
- MakaleYalnız künye2012Comparison of Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Network Models Goodness of Fit to Lactation Milk Yields
Takma, Cigdem; Atil, Hulya; Aksakal, Vecihi
In this study, effects of lactation length, calving year and service period on lactation milk yield of Holstein Friesians were modeled with multiple regression and artificial neural networks (ANN) and compared goodness of fit of models. Analyses were carried on five lactations milk yields of 305 Holsteins calved at 2006, 2007 and 2008 years. After several experiments, hidden layer number was taken one and hidden nodes number were found three for the chosen architecture. Moreover, convergence criteria, maximum iteration number and epoch number were taken as 1.10(-6), 50 and 20, respectively. Adjusted coefficient of determination (R-2),root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute deviation (MAD), mean absolute percentage error performance criteria (MAPE) were used for comparison of artificial neural network and multiple linear regression models goodness of fit. After analysis R-2 values were found among 0.62-0.85 for the five lactations with neural networks model. RMSE, MAD and MAPE criteria also were found among 480.9-1682.8, 325.2-1381.7 and 6.1-20.2, respectively. These criteria were found for R-2, RMSE, MAD and MAPE among 0.30-0.75, 1964.8-30008.7, 1576.6-2458.3 and 24.7-35.6, respectively for multiple linear regression. When the models were compared, artificial neural networks model gave better fit than multiple linear regression models. Consequently, artificial neural networks was determined an alternative method to multiple regression analysis.
- MakaleYalnız künye2010Non-genetic factors affecting milk and reproductive traits of Swedish Red and White cattle raised organically in Turkey
Aksakal, Vecihi; Yanar, Mete; Bayram, Bahri
The data on breeding and performance records of Swedish Red and White (SRW) cows kept in a private organic dairy farm in Kelkit, Turkey, during the period from 2006 through 2009 were used to study the effect of some non-genetic factors such as calving year, calving season, parity, age of dam and sex of calf on the various milk and reproductive traits. The actual lactation milk yield, daily milk yield, peak daily milk, days to attain milk yield and lactation length averaged as 5887.2±94.9 kg, 19.9±0.3 kg, 31.5±0.3 kg, 79.4±2.7 days and 302.5±3.2 days, respectively. The actual lactation milk yield, days to attain peak milk yield and lactation length were significantly affected by calving year and calving season. The effect of the parity on the daily milk yield, peak daily milk yield and days to attain peak milk yield were significant (P<0.01). The least squares means for calving interval and gestation length were 380.2±4.3 days and 275.4±0.6 days, respectively. Age of dam and calving season significantly (P<0.01) affected the days open. Mean age at first calving of SRW cows raised organically was 26.4±0.2 months and was significantly affected by the calving years. Significant (P<0.01) and positive phenotypic correlations of the actual lactation milk yield with daily milk yield (r = 0.71), peak milk yield (r = 0.53), lactation length (r = 0.53), days open (r = 0.43), calving interval (r = 0.36) and days attain to peak milk yield (r = 0.14) (P<0.05) were determined. In conclusion, the significant effects of environmental variables must be taken into consideration when developing and comparing models to be used in adjusting data to provide the best estimates of genetic values and parameters in evaluation of SRW cattle reared organically in Turkey.
- MakaleYalnız künye2009Effects of various ages of weaning on growth performance of morkaraman lambs
Aksakal, Vecihi; Emsen, Ebru; Ozdemir, Memis; Macit, Muhlis
This study was conducted on 46 Redkaraman lambs born at the Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty Sheep Research Farm. The lambs were weaned at different ages such as 45, 60 and 75 days. After weaning, the lambs were sent to the pasture and fed on concentrate including 15.3% crude protein in a ratio of 1.5% of live body weight for the first 6 weeks thereafter, amount of feed was increased to 2% of the live body weight in addition to pasture at the evenings. Live body weights and daily weight gaing of lambs were determined from 45 days to end of the grazing period within 14 days intervals. Live weights at 45 days for the lambs weaned at 45, 60 and 75 days were 12.20, 11.58 and 12.47 kg and at 60 days were 14.38, 14.79 and 15.40 kg and 75 days were 15.30, 16.06 and 17.28 kg. Live weights at the end of the grazing period were 34.86, 35.11 and 38.93 kg for the lambs weaned at 45, 60 and 75 days of age, respectively. The differences among the group were found significant (p<0.05) for live weights at the end of the grazing period. Daily weight gains of lambs in the groups were found as 144.5, 145.7 and 164.0 g for the end of the grazing period; 137.3, 142.6 and 160.5g for the 46 days of age and 136.5, 135.5 and 157.0 g for 61 days of age. The differences among the group were found significant (p<0.05). The results of this research indicated that there were significant (p<0.05) differences for the live weights at the end of the grazing period in Redkaraman lambs weaned at various ages, also there were significant (p<0.05) differences for daily weight gains at the end of the grazing period, 46 and 61 days of age.
- MakaleYalnız künye2009Morphologic, yield and quality parameters of some annual forages as sole crops and intercropping mixtures in dry conditions for livestock
Yolcu, Halil; Polat, Muazzez; Aksakal, Vecihi
Sole annual legumes, cereals and intercropping mixture of annual legumes and cereals are intensively cultivated in the world for forage production. An experiment was carried out to compare morphological, yield and quality parameters of sole Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.), sole oat (Avena sativa L.), sole rye (Secale cereale L.), Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) + oat (Avena sativa L.), Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) + rye (Secale cereale L.), Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) + barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) + wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) intercropping mixture in Kelkit Aydin Doǧan Vocational Training School at Gümüşhane University of Turkey in dry and manure conditions during 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 years. Sole rye and Hungarian vetch + rye intercropping mixture had the highest stem density. The highest cereal flag leaf lengths were in wheat in intercropping mixture, sole oat and oat in intercropping mixture. Rye in intercropping mixture and sole rye had the highest cereal length. The highest legume ratio was found in Hungarian vetch + oat intercropping mixture. Sole rye and Hungarian vetch + rye intercropping mixture had the highest fresh and hay yield. The highest crude protein yield was obtained in Hungarian vetch + oat intercropping mixture. Sole Hungarian vetch and Hungarian vetch + barley intercropping mixture had the highest crude protein content. The lowest acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents were gained in sole Hungarian vetch. Farmers in terms of yield may choose cultivation of sole rye and Hungarian vetch + rye intercropping mixture. Also in terms of quality, they may choose cultivation of sole Hungarian vetch and Hungarian vetch + oat intercropping mixture in dry and manure conditions.