Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/19446
  Determining the Optimum Ticket Prices in Bus Transportation by Using Game Theory: Case of Gümüşhane-İstanbul

  Bolayır, Banu

  In a competitive environment, companies must make strategic decisions aligned with their objectives to sustain their existence and advance. One of the methods used to determine the best strategy for companies is game theory. Using the game theory, this study aims to determine the optimal ticket prices for the services of two competing bus companies operating on the same route (Gümüşhane-İstanbul). For this purpose, data on ticket prices and passenger numbers set by the two bus companies between October 2023 and October 2024 were utilized. Based on the data obtained from the two bus companies, the companies’ strategies were first identified, and revenue values were calculated. Subsequently, a two-player, zero-sum, and 7x7 game matrix was constructed using these revenue values. Through the maxmin and minmax methods in game matrix, the saddle point of the game was identified, and the expected values for each strategy determined for each of the two bus companies were calculated separately. Considering these calculations, it was concluded that both companies should set ticket prices between 1,250 TL and 1,350 TL to maximize their revenues.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/19359
  The Impact of Wars on Occupational Expectations and Willingness to Work: A Study on the Future of the Aviation Sector

  Vural, Selvi

  The aim of study is to determine the effects of wars on students' occupational expectations and willingness to work. Within the scope of the research, the attitudes of students towards war were evaluated in terms of the aviation sector. The aviation sector’s one of the important sectors that the wars experienced have affected directly-indirectly from various perspectives. The study was conducted with students enrolled in the aviation management department. In line with the research objectives, a quantitative approach was deemed suitable, and data was collected using standardized scale forms. The findings obtained show that wars have an effect on students' occupational expectations and willingness to work in a general framework. As a result of the research, it was determined that the negative attitude of students towards war has a significant and negative effect on both their occupational expectations and their willingness to work in the sector. The findings of this study draw attention to the negative effect of the wars on the occupational expectations and willingness to work in the sector of aviation management students. Therefore, this situation evidence that students' occupational expectations and willingness to work in the sector are affected by their attitudes towards the wars.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/19761
  Portfolio Selection with AHP and TOPSIS Methods: An Application in BIST

  Soydaş, Şafak Sönmez

  In this study, the intend is to create portfolios at low, medium, and high-risk levels for firms operating in the fabrication sector in 2023 by utilizing efficiency analysis and multi-criteria decision-making methods, AHP and TOPSIS. The sample of the study comprises companies from the basic metal and textile, apparel, and leather industries listed in the BIST manufacturing sector. In the mentioned year, there were 28 firms in the basic metal industry and 27 firms in the textile, apparel, and leather industries. From the overall of 55 companies, data from 48 firms were available for the year 2023 due to recent initial public offerings, and these were included in the analysis. According to TOPSIS analysis results, companies in the low-risk group, based on firm codes, are (T1, T2, T6, M4, T15, T3), medium-risk group companies are (T5, T10, T24, T16, M14, M10), and high-risk group companies are (M16, M17, M20, M18, M22, M19). Based on risk group criteria, firms in the high-risk group include (T15), companies in the medium-risk group are (T1, T2, T3, T5, T6, T10, T24), and firms in the low-risk group are (T16, M4, M10, M14, M16, M17, M18, M19, M20, M22). As indicated by aftermath of the Spearman correlation analysis, a positive correlation was observed amid the TOPSIS scores and the risk groups (r = 0.412); however, this connection is not statistically important (p = 0.090).

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• MakaleYalnız künye2025/r/gumushane/19689
  Türkiye’de İkincil Enerji Kaynağı Olan Elektrik Tüketimi ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Ampirik Bir Analiz

  Merddan, Kurtuluş

  Bir ülkenin ekonomik büyümesi ve sanayileşmesi için enerji önemli bir girdi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bir ülkede enerji üretimi yetersiz ve tüketimi fazla ise enerji ithalatına gereksinim duyulacaktır. Enerji ithalatının artması ülke içerisinde cari açığa neden olacağından bu durum ekonomik büyümeye olumsuz yansıyacaktır. Enerji kaynaklarının kıt oluşu ve kaynakların yanlış kullanımı gibi nedenlerden dolayı devletler yeni arayışlar içerisine girmiştir. Bu noktada ortaya konulan enerji politikalarının düşük fiyatlarla, çevre kirliliğine neden olmadan insanların enerji ihtiyaçlarını kesintisiz, etkin ve verimli şekilde karşılaması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma ile ikincil enerji kaynağı olan elektrik tüketimi değişkenlerinin büyüme üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Konunun teorik kısmı araştırıldıktan sonra özelde Türkiye için ampirik bir uygulama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda mesken, sanayi, tarımsal faaliyetler, aydınlatma, ticaret ve kamu hizmetleri değişkenlerinin enerji tüketimlerini de dikkate alan modeller oluşturulmuştur. Bu kapsamda 1990-2021 yıllarına ait yıllık zaman serisi verilerinden yola çıkılmıştır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde EKK test sonuçlarına göre, elektrik enerjisi tüketimini temsil eden bağımsız değişkenlerden hiçbirinin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan Granger Nedensellik test sonucuna göre ise ekonomik büyümenin mesken elektrik tüketiminin nedeni olduğu saptanmıştır. Geriye kalan tüm değişkenler ile ekonomik büyüme arasında istatistiksel açıdan bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunamamıştır. Tüm bu sonuçlardan hareketle Türkiye’nin elektrik enerjisi tüketiminde ithal kaynaklar kullanmak yerine büyük potansiyel arz eden güneş, rüzgâr ve su gibi yenilebilir enerji kaynaklarına yönelmesi gerekmektedir. İktisadi büyümenin nedeni elektrik tüketimi olduğuna göre meskenlerde uygulanacak enerji politikaları hem ekonomik sorunlara çözüm olacak hem de ekonomik büyümenin en destekleyici unsuru olacaktır.

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2022/r/gumushane/17279
  Investigation of the relationship between investor sentiment and systemic risk: An example of the Turkish banking sector

  Akyol, Hikmet; Ağırkaya, Melahat Batu

  The institutions that suffer the most during any crisis or under financial instability are also the ones that contribute the most to the spread and growth of the crisis. As a matter of fact, the 2007–2008 Global Financial Crisis revealed the important role of systemic risks in the crisis. In particular, instability in financial institutions and their increasing systemic risks can negatively affect the entire economy and the global system. In this research, the relationship between investor sentiment and systemic risks of the Turkish banking sector was examined. For this purpose, the longterm relationship between the variables was analyzed using the co-integration tests of Kao, Pedroni, Fisher (Johansen), and Westerlund. Co-integration tests have shown that systemic risks and investor sentiment are co-integrated in the long term. In the study, long-term elasticities were examined using dynamic least squares, panel dynamic least squares, and fully modified least squares estimators. The results have shown that systemic risk increases in the long term negatively affect investor sentiment. According to Granger causality test results, there is one-way causality from banking sector systemic risks to investor sentiment. Various political inferences can be made through the findings of this research. Investor sentiment can be used as an important warning system for predicting risks and financial instability toward the Turkish banking sector. Policymakers should take into account investor sentiment when monitoring the stability of the market and implementing policies. Bank managers should take into account investor sentiment in their decisions and projects and avoid high risk-taking behaviors, especially during periods of low investor sentiment.

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