Kiziloglu, Sadiye Kotanli

The symbols that people use to express themselves are used as an indicator of national consciousness, holiness, faith and religion. The value and importance they attach to these forms of expression are embodied especially with some symbols, and they become an important means of expressing oneself. Each user has symbols that they use for different purposes. The use of accessories with symbols containing Islamic meaning or figures reflecting national values has become common, especially in recent times. It is observed that different figures are used by different users around us, and it is assumed that these uses have a value not only in terms of aesthetics but also in terms of communication. Based on this assumption, the study investigates how users use icons as a means of communication, the data obtained is evaluated in line with their own opinions, and the purposes of their use are tried to be revealed. In this context, the subject of the study is the use of religious and national symbols in the context of communication in daily life. In this study, the purpose or intention of the symbols used in a way that can express a meaning at the social level is analyzed through objects used in daily life in line with user opinions, and the importance of symbols in the context of communication is evaluated. In this context, the aim of the study is to determine for what purposes and in what way the symbols thought to represent religious and national values are used as a form of visual communication. In the study, it is questioned within which meaning patterns a person establishes his values, beliefs, thoughts or point of view, not verbally but non-verbally, with the use of symbols. In this context, it is aimed to reveal the users' purpose, intention or desire of using symbols in the context of communication. Qualitative research technique was used and three questions were asked to the users using the semi-structured interview technique. Users were determined by criterion sampling, one of the purposeful sampling types, and a total of 26 people, 10 of whom were women, were interviewed. The data obtained as a result of the interview was subjected to qualitative content analysis, and codes, categories and themes were identified while interpreting the data. Themes regarding the answers given for each category were interpreted in the context of communication. According to the results obtained from the study, symbols containing religious and national values are used by both male and female users along with accessories such as rings, necklaces, bracelets and watches. While the letter Allah and the letters Elif Vav are frequently used in the use of religious symbols, the symbols of the star and crescent, IYI, crescent, tugra, double-headed eagle, gray wolf are used to express national feelings. As a result, symbolic objects are designed to reflect national feelings and thoughts; as a means of spiritual satisfaction that provides peace and happiness; reflecting the ideological point of view and being a transmitter of social identity; have religious meaning and value as an indicator of faith it has been determined that it has purposes of use such as protection from evil eyes and being a means of psychological relaxation.

Kaya, Fazil; Çalık, İsmail; Taş, Sedat; Zeybek, Halil İbrahim; Akyürek, Suat; Pir, Rıfat

Türkiye’de dağlık ve engebeli alanların geniş yer kaplaması yaylacılık faaliyetleri ve yayla kültürünün gelişmesini sağlamıştır. Türkiye’de geleneksel olarak hayvancılık amaçlı kullanılan yaylalar; yaz aylarında hayvan otlatmak, küçük çaplı da olsa tarım faaliyetlerinde bulunmak veya dinlenmek amacıyla faydalanılan geçici yerleşme alanları özelliği taşır. Tarım arazilerinin dar ve parçalı olduğu Gümüşhane ili (özellikle ilin kuzeydeki arazileri) ve çevresi Türkiye’de yaylacılık faaliyetlerinin en yoğun olduğu sahalar arasında yer almaktadır. Yörede hayvancılıkla meşgul olan halk için otların uzun süre kurumadan yeşil kaldığı yaylalar, büyük önem taşımaktadır. Yaylalar, çeşitli özellikleri yanında aynı zamanda kültürel birikimin âdeta gizli birer hazinesi niteliğindedir. Önce Orta Asya, sonrasında da Anadolu’da binlerce yıldır hayvancılık amacıyla yaylak ile kışlak arasında yer değiştiren topluluklar, sürdürdükleri ekonomik faaliyetlerin ve yaşadıkları coğrafyanın etkisiyle kendilerine has bir kültür oluşturmuşlardır. Bu kültürün en önemli unsurlarından birini de yayla mutfağı oluşturmaktadır. Yayla mutfağı, Türk toplum hayatında geçmişten beri süregelen yayla hayatının vazgeçilmez olgularından birini oluşturmaktadır. Yayla mutfak kültürü, zamanla birçok yönden ayırt edici ögenin eklenmesiyle özgün bir kimlik kazanmıştır. Mutfak kültürünün oluşmasında, coğrafi bölge, sosyo-ekonomik yapı, gelenek, görenek, tarım, hayvancılık ve teknolojik gelişmeler gibi faktörler etkili olmuştur. Bu çalışmada da kültürel miras unsuru olan yayla mutfak kültürünün geldiği son nokta ele alınmış, gelişimsel açıdan yayla mutfak kültürünün olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri tartışılmıştır. Yayla mutfağına ilişkin mevcut durumun yerinde tespit edilmesi için Doğu Karadeniz bölümünde yer alan Gümüşhane yaylalarına saha çalışması düzenlenmiştir. Bu çalışmalar kapsamında yayla sakinleri, muhtarlar, işletme sahipleri ve çeşitli paydaşlarla görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler üzerinden içerik ve betimsel analiz yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, yayla mutfak kültürü dört ana ve on alt tema üzerinden kategorize edilmiştir. Gümüşhane yayla mutfak kültürünün temel yapısını oluşturan bu dört ana temayı; hayvan ürünleri, tarım ürünleri, yöreye mahsus ürünler, yenilebilir yabani bitkiler ve mantarların oluşturduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Kategorize edilen her bir tema katılımcıların ifadeleri, gözlem ve ikincil verilere dayalı olarak bulgular kısmında değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca yaylalarda bakılan hayvan sayısı ve ekilen alan miktarı bakımından azalmaların olduğu, eskiden yayla halkı tarafından üretilen hayvan ve tarım ürünleri miktarının fazla olduğu ancak günümüzde yaylada yaşayan hanelerin genel itibari ile kendilerine yetecek kadar üretim gerçekleştirmeye çalıştığı, yaylacıların temel ihtiyaçlarını haftalık merkez yaylalarda kurulan pazarlardan veya ilçelere yakın marketlerden temel ihtiyaçlarını satın aldıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanında yaylalarda yapılan yöresel ürünler listelenmiş ve yöresel yemek kültürünün bölgeye özgü ürünler kullanılarak devam

Akyürek, Suat; Çalik, Ismail; Tas, Sedat; Pir, Rifat; Kaya, Fazil; Zeybek, Halil Ibrahim

The large area of the mountainous and rugged areas in Turkiye have enabled the development of plateau activities and plateau culture. Plateaus, which are traditionally used for animal husbandry in Turkiye, have a characteristic of temporary settlement areas that are used for grazing animals, for small-scale agricultural activities or holiday in the summer months. Gumuhane (especially the lands in the north of the province) and its surroundings, where agricultural lands are narrow and fragmented, are among the areas where plateaus activities the most intense in our country. The plateaus, where the grass stays green for a long time, have significance for the people who are busy with animal husbandry in the region. Highlands, besides having various features, are also almost a hidden treasure of a cultural accumulation. Communities who changed their places for thousands of years between the plateau and winter season for animal husbandry first in Central Asia and then in Anatolia, they have evolved their culture as a result of their economic activities and geographical areas. Plateau cuisine is one of the most important elements of this culture. Plateau cuisine is one of the indispensable phenomena of plateau life, which has been practiced for centuries in Turkish social life. Plateau cuisine culture has gained a private identity with the addition of distinctive elements in many ways by time. Formation of culinary culture effected by many aspects. Such as; geographical region, socio-economic structure, traditions and customs, agriculture, animal husbandry, and technological developments. In the scope of this study, the last point reached by the plateau cuisine culture, which is a cultural heritage element, has been handled, and the positive and negative aspects of the plateau cuisine culture have been discussed in terms of development. To determine the current situation regarding the plateau cuisine on -site, the Gumuhane plateaus were carried out, where is one of the provinces of the Eastern Black Sea Region. The scope of these studies yielded with many interviews who are becoming highland residents, headmen, business owners, and various stakeholders. According to analyses, the plateau cuisine culture was categorized into four main themes and ten sub -themes. These four main themes constitute the basic structure of the Gumuhane plateau cuisine culture; it was concluded that animal products, agricultural products, local products, edible wild plants, and mushrooms. Each categorized theme was evaluated in the findings section based on the statements of the participants, observation and secondary data. Moreover, there is a decrease in the number of animals herded and the amount of cultivated land in the plateaus, the amount of animal and agricultural products produced by the plateau people in the past was high, but nowadays the households living in the plateaus are trying to produce enough for themselves in general, from the markets established in the central plateaus or from the markets close to the districts, and it was determined that they bought their basic needs. In addition, local foods made in the plateau are listed and it has been observed that the local food culture continues by using products specific to the region. Finally, suggestions have been offered to keep alive the plateau cuisine culture, ensure its continuity and transmit it to future generations as a cultural element.