Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleYalnız künye2014/r/gumushane/13165
  The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on milk yield, milk compositions and body condition score raised organically in dairy cows

  Bayram, Bahri; Aksakal, Vecihi; Karaalp, Musa; Mazlum, Halit

  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on milk yield, milk compositions and the body condition score raised organically in dairy cattle. For this aim, 120 lactating Holstein Friesian dairy cows were randomly divided into group control (n = 60) and treatment (n = 60) in a private organic dairy farming in the Kelkit District of the Gumushane Province in Turkey. The diet of group treatment each cow was supplementation with 6 g SC per day. The experimental was started after 30 days of calving and lasted 45 days after. The average daily milk yield production (p<0.01) was higher in the SC group (34.6±0.31 vs. 31.8±0.44kg day-1 in the treated and control group, respectively). The effect of SC on some milk compositions as non-fat solids (%), milk fat (%), protein (%) and lactose were statistically non-significant. Body condition score in the treated group (2.74±0.016) was higher than control group (2.58±0.017) (p<0.01). It was concluded that milk yield capacities in organic dairy cattle farming in case that the similar results are confirmed with additional studies can be substantially increased.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2011/r/gumushane/15759
  Bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) in Japanese quails feeding 1. Performance and egg quality parameters

  Karaalp, Musa; Elmasta, Mahfuz; Genc, Nusret; Sezer, Metin; Yavuz, Musa; Ozkan, Mehmet

  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplemented bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) leaves to a conventional diet of laying Japanese quail on the performance and some egg quality. A total number of 60 and 54 days old laying type quails were distributed into individual cages for three different treatments. The control diet did not containLaurus nobilis (LN) leaves (LNG) and the other diets were supplemented with 2 g (LN2) and 4 g (LN4) leaves kg-1, respectively. The trial lasted for a total of 10 weeks. Supplemented leaves of LN (2 or 4 g kg-1 feed) had no effect on any performance parameters, external and internal egg quality traits of quails. The diets have not changed the amount of egg yolk total cholesterol at 121 days old. However, egg yolk triglyceride concentration of quails fed LN4 diet was lower (p<0.01) than quails fed with the other diets at 121 days old. Besides, the amount of total cholesterol and triglyceride of egg yolk increased (p<O.01) in all of the groups with age. In egg yolk in the group receiving diet LN4, the level of palmitic acid was lower (p<0.05) and oleic acid was higher (p<0.05) than those of the other 2 groups at 118 days. Besides at that age, the level of pahnitic acid was lower and oleic acid was >55, 76 and 97 days. There was no change in the other fatty acids. The changes in total saturated and total monounsaturated fatty acids were parallel with palmitic acid and oleic acid, respectively. Total polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the present study did not change with diet and age. The results of this study demonstrated that supplemented a conventional diet with LN could change some biochemical parameters of quail egg yolk.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2009/r/gumushane/15819
  Effects of various ages of weaning on growth performance of morkaraman lambs

  Aksakal, Vecihi; Emsen, Ebru; Ozdemir, Memis; Macit, Muhlis

  This study was conducted on 46 Redkaraman lambs born at the Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty Sheep Research Farm. The lambs were weaned at different ages such as 45, 60 and 75 days. After weaning, the lambs were sent to the pasture and fed on concentrate including 15.3% crude protein in a ratio of 1.5% of live body weight for the first 6 weeks thereafter, amount of feed was increased to 2% of the live body weight in addition to pasture at the evenings. Live body weights and daily weight gaing of lambs were determined from 45 days to end of the grazing period within 14 days intervals. Live weights at 45 days for the lambs weaned at 45, 60 and 75 days were 12.20, 11.58 and 12.47 kg and at 60 days were 14.38, 14.79 and 15.40 kg and 75 days were 15.30, 16.06 and 17.28 kg. Live weights at the end of the grazing period were 34.86, 35.11 and 38.93 kg for the lambs weaned at 45, 60 and 75 days of age, respectively. The differences among the group were found significant (p<0.05) for live weights at the end of the grazing period. Daily weight gains of lambs in the groups were found as 144.5, 145.7 and 164.0 g for the end of the grazing period; 137.3, 142.6 and 160.5g for the 46 days of age and 136.5, 135.5 and 157.0 g for 61 days of age. The differences among the group were found significant (p<0.05). The results of this research indicated that there were significant (p<0.05) differences for the live weights at the end of the grazing period in Redkaraman lambs weaned at various ages, also there were significant (p<0.05) differences for daily weight gains at the end of the grazing period, 46 and 61 days of age.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2009/r/gumushane/15809
  Chemical contents of red clover genotypes on crop improvement systems as livestock feed

  Yolcu, Halil; Tavlas, Ayten; Tan, Mustafa; Gunes, Adem

  A field experiment was conducted in 2000-2001 at the Research Station of East Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute in Pasinler of Erzurum province in Turkey. In this study, 25 red clovers (Trifolium pratense L.) genotypes were evaluated in terms of chemical contents for animal feeding in the 2 years results. The red clover genotypes were sown in the spring of 2000. The experiment was designed a randomized complete block with replicated 4 times. The genotypes were harvested in 50% flowering once in 2000 and 3 times in 2001. There were significant differences in N (p<0.05), Mg (p<0.05), Zn (p<0.05), Fe (p<0.05), Mn (p<0.01) and Cu (p<0.01) contents but no in Na content among the red clover genotypes. According to 2 years results, especially L-818 line and Xiashao cultivar in N; L-1881 and L-812 line in Mg; Redwent cultivar, L-77, L-l 922 lines and Lucrun cultivars in Zn; L-77 line, Redwent cultivar, L-812, L-1922 lines and Lucrun cultivar in Fe; L-79 line, Redwent cultivar and L-77 line in Mn; L-79 line, Redwent cultivar and L-77 line in Cu had higher chemical contents than the others for animal feeding. The genotypes rich in terms of chemical content can be successfully used to meet the requirement the forage quality of animal and to gain new quality red clover genotypes for animal nutrition.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2009/r/gumushane/15045
  Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for the birth weight of calves of Holstein Friesian cattle reared organically

  Aksakal, Vecihi; Bayram, Bahri

  The aim of this study, was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for birth weight and to determine the survival rate of calves of Holstein Friesian cattle reared organically. Aborting rate, still born rate and the calving difficulty rate were 4.6, 3.9 and 9.1 %, respectively. The average birth weight was 42.76±0.229 kg in present study. This value was quite higher than the birth weight in Holstein Friesian calves that breed conventionally in Turkey's conditions. The effect of calving season (p<0.01) and farming system (p<0.05) on birth weight were significant. Male calves had 2.69 kg higher birth weight than females and this difference was found significant (p<0.01). The mean birth weight of single calves was 6.26 kg (17%) higher than that of twin calves. The effect of the years on birth weight was not significant, because caring, feeding and the other breeding methods were made according to the conditions of the regulations. As the birth parity was increased, the birth weight decreased (p<0.05). Heritability and repeatability estimates belong to birth weight were found as 0.232±0.110 and0.206±0.073, respectively.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2009/r/gumushane/14876
  Effects of various ages of weaning on growth characteristics, survival rate and some body measurements of Awassi lambs

  Aksakal, Vecihi; Macit, Muhlis; Esenbuga, Nurinisa

  This study aimed to investigate the effect of various ag es (45, 60 and 7 5 days) of weaning on growth, survival rate and some body characteristics in Awassi lambs. Following weaning, the lambs were separated from their dams and taken to the pasture and were fed with concentrate including 15.3% crude protein in the evenings in addition to the pasture. The live weights and daily weight gains of the lambs were determined by weighing at 14 days intervals starting from day 45 till the end of pasture. Five females from each group were used in the determination of body measurements. In the study, in the lambs weaned at the age of 45 (group I), 60 (group JT) and 75 (group III) days old; birth weight and live weights on days 45, 60, 75, 120 and 210 (end of pasture) were calculated on average as 4.58,11.58, 13.95, 15.95, 21.54 and 34.44 kg, respectively and in the significance checks performed, it was identified that there was no significant (p<0.05) difference between the groups except for the day 210 live weight. There was not any difference observed between the groups in terms of Daily Live Weight Gain (DLWG). It was identified that the effect of the age of dam on live weight in lambs was insignificant in all periods that the effect of type of birth was very significant (p<0.05) except for the day 120 live weight and that the effect of sex was significant (p<0.05) in birth, day 60, 75 and 210 weights and very significant (p<0.01) in day 120 live weight. On looking at the survival rate characteristics, it was observed that this was lower in the group weaned at 45 days old on days 120 and 210 at a statistically significant (p<0.05) level compared to the other two groups. Furthermore, it was identified that singletons exhibited a higher survival rate at a statistically very significant (p<0.01) level compared to twins. The effect of weaning at various ages on the body measurements was found to be insignificant except for the chest width measured on day 210. Consequently, it may be said that taking into consideration the live weight gains and survival rate characteristics of Awassi lambs, the most suitable weaning age may be arranged as 60 days old.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2009/r/gumushane/14746
  Evaluation of annual legumes and barley as sole crops and intercrop in spring frost conditions for animal feeding II. Mineral composition

  Yolcu, Halil; Gunes, Adem; Turan, Metin

  Sole grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), sole common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), sole barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), common vetch + barley intercrop, common vetch (I) and barley (I) in terms of mineral contents were assessed in the present study for animal feeding. Common vetch + barley intercrops were separated as common vetch (called as common vetch I) and barley (called as barley I). The experiment was designed in a factorial arrangement of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and carried out at the research station at Kelkit Aydin Dogan Vocational Training School, Gumushane University, in 2006 and 2007. All the plants had important potential in terms macro and micro mineral contents in animal feeding. There were significant differences between years in Mg, Ca, P, Mn, Fe and Cu contents. According to the results, sole grass pea, sole common vetch and common vetch (I) in Mg, sole grass pea, common vetch (I) and sole common vetch in Ca, common vetch (I), sole grass pea and sole common vetch in Mn and sole barley and sole grass pea in Cu were rich for animal feeding. If farmers want rich forage in terms of Mg, Ca and Mn, they should select sole grass pea and sole common vetch cultivation. If farmers want rich forage in terms of Cu, they should choose sole grass pea and sole barley cultivation.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2009/r/gumushane/14078
  Evaluation of annual legumes and barley as sole crops and intercrop in spring frost conditions for animal feeding I. Yield and quality

  Yolcu, Halil; Dasci, Mahmut; Tan, Mustafa

  This study evaluated sole grass pea (Lathyrussativush.), sole common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), sole barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), common vetch + barley intercrop, common vetch (I) and barley (I) in terms of yields and quality properties in 2006-2007 at Kelkit Aydin Dogan Vocational Training School Research Station of Gumushane University, Turkey. Intercrop plants were separated as common vetch (called as common vetch I) and barley (called as barley I). Plants were seeded in April of both years in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The study plots were 3.0 m long by 1.68 m wide, with 24 cm row spacing. Each plot was fertilized with 20 ton ha-1 organic farmyard manure. The year effects were significant in dry matter yield, crude protein, crude protein yield, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber. The legumes especially were injured by frost in 2007. Significant differences were found in terms of Dry Matter Yield (DMY), Crude Protein (CP), Crude Protein Yield (CPY), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Dry Matter Intake (DMI), Dry Digestible Matter (DDM) and Relative Feed Value (RFV) amongst all the plants. Sole common vetch and sole barley had good properties in DMY, CP and CPY. Sole grass pea, common vetch (I), sole common vetch and intercrops showed good quality properties in ADF and NDF. Sole grass pea especially, sole common vetch and common vetch (I) had good quality properties in DMI, DDM and RFV. Farmers should prefer sole common vetch and sole grass pea cultivation in yield and quality and regulate their seeding times according to days with frost in similiar conditions.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2008/r/gumushane/14148
  Reproductive and milk production traits of Holstein Friesian cows in pre-organic and organic dairy husbandry in Turkey

  Bayram, Bahri; Yanar, Mete; Akbulut, Ömer

  The study was aimed to describe changes caused by conversion to organic dairy farming in Turkey, focusing on reproductive and milk production traits. The data used in this research were obtained from reproductive and milk records of Holstein Friesian cows reared in a private organic dairy farm. The results revealed that cows under organic management had shorter days open and calving interval values compared with cows reared under pre-organic system. Actual and 305 days milk yields of cattle in organic system were greater than these of cows in pre-organic system. Lactation duration was also significantly influenced by farming system and calving season, but days dry was not affected by none the non-genetic factors.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2008/r/gumushane/13912
  The effects of various fertilization and seeding patterns on trace minerals content of lucerne and smooth bromegrass mixture in an intercropping system for livestock

  Yolcu, Halil; Turan, Metin

  The effects of various fertilization and seeding patterns on trace mineral contents of lucerne-smooth bromegrass mixture were evaluated for animal feeding. The lucerne and smooth bromegrass mixtures were established with different seeding pattern (mixed, alternative and cross-seeding), N fertilizer rates (0, 60 and 120 kg N ha-1) and P fertilizer rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 P2O5 ha-1). Different seeding patterns, N and P fertilization affected the trace mineral contents of the lucerne-smooth bromegrass mixture under the intercropping system. Mn, Cu and Zn content of the mixture varied significantly depending on seeding patterns. However, the seeding patterns had no significant effect on the Fe contents of the mixture. N application decreased the content of Fe and increased the content of Cu, but had no effect on the Mn and Zn content; whereas, P application affected the Mn and Cu contents but had no effect on the contents of Fe and Zn.

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