Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/14196
  Effects of dual and single spark plug configurations on energy, exergy, and exhaust emissions in a spark ignition engine

  Altın, İsmail; Bayraktar, Hakan; Sezer, İsmet

  Effects of dual spark plug (DSP) operation in a spark ignition (SI) engine on energy, exergy, and exhaust emissions are numerically investigated in this study. A quasi–dimensional SI engine cycle model is used for the analyses. The practical correlations with no assume the fluid dynamics are occupied for the simulation of intake and exhaust periods and the turbulent flame propagation analogy is assigned for the modeling of combustion. The second law of thermodynamics is added to the cycle model to execute the exergy analysis. The thermodynamic parameters such as in–cylinder pressure and temperature, ignition delay, and burn duration with the engine performance parameters are evaluated in the energy analysis. The exergies transferred via heat, work, and exhaust gases, besides destroyed exergy, fuel chemical exergy, thermomechanical exergy and total exergy are compiled for the exergy analysis. The carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are defined for emission performance analysis. The results show that DSP operation affects moderately energy, exergy, and exhaust emissions. The best results were obtained at dimensionless spark plug location (ratio of spark plug location radius to cylinder radius–Xsp) of 0.2 for DSP compared to centrally located single spark plug (SSP).

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• MakaleYalnız künye2021/r/gumushane/12723
  Geo-spatial multi-criteria evaluation of wave energy exploitation in a semi-enclosed sea

  Şan, Murat; Akpınar, Adem; Bingölbali, Bilal; Kankal, Murat

  The present study aims to determine priority areas for installation of wave energy converters (WECs) in a semi-enclosed sea using a multi-criteria, spatial, decision-making analysis based on geographical information systems (GIS). The study also suggests a new methodology for determination of suitable areas for WECs taking into consideration different extreme wave conditions, intra-annual variation of wave conditions, and operational range of wave conditions by the WECs. A case study over a distance of 1140 km along the coast in the southwest Black Sea is presented. In the multi-criteria analysis, areas with environmental, economic, technical and social constraints are excluded. Ocean depth, distance to ports, shore, power line, and sub-station, wave climate, and sea-floor geology are all evaluated for their impact on the system implementation and weighted according to their relevance. Thus, the final suitability index (SI) map is produced and spatial statistical significance of the suitable areas is checked using hotspot analysis. Based on this, Kırklareli coastal area and the area between İğneada Cape and Kıyıköy village are determined as primary priority areas. The sustainability parameters with different weights proposed in this study do not differentiate priority areas but affect the SI scores.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2013/r/gumushane/15443
  Evaluation of wind energy potentiality at coastal locations along the north eastern coasts of Turkey

  Akpinar, Adem

  This study aims to determine and evaluate wind energy potentiality along coastal locations at the North Eastern of Turkey. For this purpose, the present study has statistically analysed wind power potentials and wind characteristics from six meteorological stations (Sinop, Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, and Hopa) along the North Eastern (NE) geo-political coastal region of Turkey using the hourly or 3-hourly wind speed data measured at 10 m height during 9 years. The diurnal, monthly, and seasonal mean wind speed and wind power density at all the stations are assessed to have remarkable variations. The annual and seasonal frequency distributions and dominant wind directions of the all locations are determined. It is observed that the monthly mean wind speed in this region ranges from 1.53 m/s to 4.06 m/s. The maximum annual mean wind power density was found to be 59.96 W/m2 at Sinop while the maximum annual mean wind energy density was obtained to be 525.25 kWh/m2/year at the same station. It is further shown that Sinop, Hopa, and Trabzon have the higher wind power potential than other locations and their potential are close to each other.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2012/r/gumushane/15495
  Wave energy potential along the south-east coasts of the Black Sea

  Akpinar, Adem; Kömürcü, Murat Ihsan

  This study aims to assess and characterize wave energy resource along the southeastern coasts of the Black Sea. For this purpose, wave energy potential was investigated at a total of 7 study points in this area. The potential for energy generation was assessed based on six-hourly data from a third generation wave model (SWAN) covering the period 1995-2009. The results were validated with buoy measurements and wave energy and power was calculated with the numerical hindcast data. For characterization of wave energy potential, average annual and seasonal variations of the wave power in this area was firstly investigated. Second, wave energy development indexes and the probabilities of exceedance of wave power at the study points were determined. Third, wave energy resource in different ranges of significant wave heights and zero-crossing periods were characterized. Finally, It was found that annual wave energy of all points except Sinop point, whose annual wave energy is 10 MWh/m, is approximately 6 MWh/m and the bulk of annual wave energy occurs for significant wave heights between 0.5 and 2 m and periods between 2 and 5 s.

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